Ukuhumusha phakathi kwezilimi ezimbili ezingafani neze ngemvelaphi, isiko, kanye nohlelo lolimi kungenye yezinselelo ezinkulu kakhulu emkhakheni wezobuhumushi. Ngaleyo ndlela, ukuhumusha kusuka olimini lwesiZulu (ulimi lwesiBantu olukhulunywa kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika) kuya olimini lwesiBulgaria (ulimi lwesiSlavic olukhulunywa e-Europe) kudinga ukuqonda okuzinzile kakhulu hhayi nje kwamagama kuphela, kodwa nendlela izilimi ezakhiwe ngayo kanye nezindlela amasiko ala mazwe ahlukene ngayo. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlose ukuhlaziya inqubo, ubunzima, nezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokwenza lo msebenzi uphumelele ngokugcwele.
Isingeniso Semilando Nezinhlelo Zolimi: IsiZulu NgesiBulgaria
IsiZulu silimi olusebenzisa indlela yokunamathisela (agglutinative language), lapho iziqalo (prefixes) neziphetho (suffixes) zinamathiselwa empandeni yegama ukudala izincazelo ezahlukene nezikhathi zezenzo. Uhlelo lwesiZulu lusekelwe kakhulu ezigabeni zamabizo (noun classes), ezilawula ukuvumelana kwesivumelwano senhloko nesenzo emgqeni wonke. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isiBulgaria silimi lwesiSlavic (South Slavic language) esisebenzisa izinhlamvu zesiCyrillic (Cyrillic alphabet). Ngokungafani nezinye izilimi zesiSlavic, isiBulgaria salahlekelwa yizimo zamagama (noun cases/declensions) eziningi, kodwa sinohlelo lwezenzo oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu (complex verbal system) kanye neziphetho ezikhombisa ubulili bamabizo (masculine, feminine, and neuter) neziphetho ezichaza ubunye nobuningi ezisebenza njengomanyolo womusho.
Izinselelo Ezinkulu Zolimi Ekuhumusheni
1. Izigaba Zamabizo zesiZulu vs. Ubulili Bamabizo besilimi sesiBulgaria
EsiZulwini, ibizo ngalinye liwela ngaphansi kwesigaba esithile (kusuka kusigaba 1 kuya kusigaba 21), kanti lesi sigaba sinquma ukuthi isenzo noma isiphawulo sizovumelana kanjani nalo. EsiBulgarieni, ohlelweni lwabo lwe-grammar, basebenzisa ubulili obuthathu kuphela: owesilisa (masculine), owesifazane (feminine), kanye nophakathi (neuter). Umhumushi kufanele aqonde ukuthi angaguqula kanjani imiqondo esekelwe ezigabeni zamabizo zesiZulu iye ebulilini bamabizo besiBulgaria ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yincazelo yokuqala. Isibonelo, amagama achaza abantu esiZulwini (Isigaba 1/2) ngokuvamile adinga ukuhunyushwa ngamagama abesilisa noma abesifazane esiBulgarieni kuye ngokuthi kukhulunywa ngobani.
2. Uhlelo lweZenzo neziKhathi (Tense and Aspect)
Uhlelo lwezenzo lwesiBulgaria luyaziwa ngokuba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu e-Europe. Lunezenzo ezinomqondo wokuphothula isenzo (perfective aspect) kanye nalezo ezingaphothuliwe (imperfective aspect), kanye nezikhathi eziningi ezedlule (past tenses) ezingafani neze nesiZulu. EsiZulwini, izikhathi zezenzo ziboniswa ngezivumelwano zesiqalo kanye nezinguquko ezithile ekugcineni kwegama (isibonelo: -ile, -ile wexesha elidlule). Umhumushi kufanele ahlolisise ngokucophelela umongo wendaba ukuze akhethe isenzo sesiBulgaria esifanele esizodlulisa isikhathi kanye nendlela isenzo esenzeka ngayo ngokunembile.
3. Ukusetshenziswa Kwemibhalo Echazayo (Definite Articles)
IsiBulgaria sinekhono elikhethekile phakathi kwezilimi zesiSlavic lokusebenzisa ama-definite articles anamathiselwa ngemuva kwebizo (postfixed definite articles), afana nelithi "-ят", "-та", "-то", "-те". EsiZulwini, ubukhona noma ukungabikho kwendathane kuchazwa yisiqalo sebizo noma umongo womusho uqobo lwawo. Ukunquma ukuthi ibizo lesiBulgaria kumele libe ne-definite article noma cha kudinga umuzwa ojulile wolimi nomongo wendaba ehunyushwayo.
Ukuhumusha Amasiko Nemicabango (Cultural Transcreation)
Ulimi luwumfanekiso wesiko lomphakathi. Lapho uhumusha kusuka ngesiZulu uya ngesiBulgaria, uhlangabezana nemiqondo ephilayo emphakathini wamaZulu engenazo izihlobo e-Bulgaria nase-Eastern Europe. Imiqondo efana nelithi "Ubuntu", "ilobolo", "inhlonipho", noma "ukusisa" ayikwazi ukuhunyushwa ngezwi elilodwa lesiBulgaria.
- Ubuntu: Leli gama lifaka phakathi uzwela, ubuntu, kanye nokuxhumana kwabantu. EsiBulgarieni, kungadingeka ukuthi lihunyushwe ngokuthi "човечност" (ubuntu/humanity) noma kusetshenziswe inkulumo echazayo ukucacisa umqondo ojulile ongemuva kwalo.
- Ilobolo: EsiBulgarieni, umqondo wokukhokha izinkomo njengophawu lokubopha umshado awusekho emlandweni wabo wamanje. Ukusebenzisa igama elithi "зестра" (dowry) kungadala ukudideka ngoba i-dowry ivamise ukukhokhwa ngumndeni kamakoti, kanti ilobolo likhokhwa ngumndeni kamkhwenyana. Lapha, ukuchaza kabusha (adaptation/transcreation) noma ukungeza incazelo ngezansi (footnote) kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Izaga Nezingathekiso: Izaga zesiZulu eziningi zisekelwe emvelweni, ezifuyweni (ikakhulukazi izinkomo), nendlela yokuphila yomdabu. Isibonelo, isaga esithi "Akukho nkomo yobuthongo" asikwazi ukuhunyushwa ngezwi negama. Umhumushi kufanele athole isaga sesiBulgaria esinomqondo ofanayo wokuthi umuntu kufanele asebenze kanzima ukuze athole impumelelo, njengesaga sesiBulgaria esithi "Който не работи, не трябва да яде" (Osebenzi akamele adle) noma esinye esihambisana naso kakhulu ngokomongo.
Amathiphu Abalulekile Okuhumusha Okusebenzayo
Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ukuhumusha kwakho kufinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, landela lezi zikhombisi-ndlela:
- Qonda Izinhlamvu zesiCyrillic: Kubalulekile ukuthi umhumushi abe nolwazi olunzulu ngohlelo lokubhala lwesiBulgaria. Noma yikuphi ukungahleleki kahle kokuhlelwa kwamagama kungadala izinkinga ekufundeni kwencwadi noma umbhalo.
- Sebenzisa Amathuluzi E-CAT (Computer-Assisted Translation): Amathuluzi e-CAT afana ne-SDL Trados, memoQ, noma i-Phrase asiza ekugcineni ukungaguquguquki kwamagama (terminology consistency), ikakhulukazi lapho usebenza ngemibhalo emikhulu yezomthetho noma yezobuchwepheshe.
- Hlanganisa Imithombo Yolwazi Yezichazamazwi: Ngenxa yokuthi izichazamazwi eziqondile phakathi kwesiZulu nesiBulgaria cishe azikho, abahumushi bavame ukusebenzisa ulimi lwesithathu (ikakhulukazi isiNgisi) njengesikhonkwane (pivot language). Lokhu kudinga ukucophelela okukhulu ukugwema ukuhumusha okabili okungalungile (double translation errors).
- Ukuhlelwa Kabusha Nguwe Olimi Lwakubo (Native Review): Njalo qinisekisa ukuthi umbhalo ogcine uhunyushelwe esiBulgarieni ubuyekezwa ngumuntu okhuluma isiBulgaria njengolimi lwakhe lwebele ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi umbhalo ugeleza kahle futhi uzwakala ngokwemvelo.
Ukwenza Kahle Kwe-SEO Ngezihloko ZesiBulgaria NesiZulu
Ezikhathini zanamuhla zedijithali, ukuhumusha akugcini nje ngokuhumusha umbhalo ephepheni, kodwa kufaka phakathi ukwenza umbhalo utholakale kalula ezinjini zokusesha (Search Engine Optimization - SEO). Lapho uhumushela izethameli zase-Bulgaria, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlaziya amagama aseshiwayo (keywords) esiBulgarieni azothatha indawo yalawo esiZulu. Isibonelo, uma ubhala ngesihloko sokuhumusha uqobo, amagama afana nelithi "превод от зулуски" (ukuhumusha kusuka ngesiZulu) kanye nelithi "преводач зулу български" (umhumushi wesiZulu nesiBulgaria) kufanele afakwe ngendlela ehlelekile futhi egeleza kahle phakathi kombhalo ukuze izinjini zokusesha ezifana neGoogle zikwazi ukufunda nokukhomba ikhasi lakho kalula.
Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo nezikhombisi-ndlela, ukuhumusha phakathi kwesiZulu nesiBulgaria kungenziwa ngendlela efanele, enembile, nehlonipha isiko lolimi ngalunye, okuholela ekuxhumaneni okungcono nokuqonda okuthembekile phakathi kwalezi zizwe ezimbili ezihlukene ngokwendawo nesiko.