Ko te whakawhiti reo i waenga i te reo Māori me te reo Āmeniana (Armenian) he haerenga i waenga i ngā ao linguistic e rua e tino rerekē ana. Ko te reo Māori, he mema nō te whānau reo whānui o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa (Austronesian), e whakawhirinaki ana ki te taha pūnaha pūmua-pūmahi-tūpou (Verb-Subject-Object) me te whakamahi i ngā kaimahi wetereo hei tohu i te wā me te aronga o te kōrero. I tērā taha, ko te reo Āmeniana he reo motuhake i roto i te whānau reo Īnia-Ūropi (Indo-European), he reo e mohiotia ana mō tōna wetereo e hangai ana ki te tūmahi-tūpou-pānga (SVO/SOV) me tōna pūnaha whakaheke ingoa (noun cases) e tino matatini ana. Mō te kaiwhakamaori, he nui ngā wero o tēnei mahi, engari he ara hoki tēnei hei tūhono i ngā tīpuna me ngā taonga ahurea o ngā iwi e rua.
Kāore e taea te whakawhiti noa i ngā kupu i te papakupu; me uru te kaiwhakamaori ki te hohonu o te ahurea me te hanganga o ia reo. He maha ngā kaupapa me ngā ariā kāore he rite tonu i roto i tētahi atu reo. Hei tauira, me pēhea te whakaatu i te hiranga o te 'mana' rānei, o te 'tapu' rānei i roto i te reo Āmeniana? A me pēhea hoki te whakaatu i ngā pūrākau me ngā whakaaro whakapono o ngā Āmeniana, e tino hono ana ki tō rātou hītori roa o te Karaitianatanga me ngā iwi i te Caucasus, ki roto i te reo Māori? Ma tēnei aratohu e whakamārama ngā tikanga, ngā hangarau wetereo, me ngā tohu āwhina hei whakatutuki i tēnei mahi hirahira.
Te Hanganga Wetereo: Te Rerekētanga o te Takoto o te Kōrero
Ko tētahi o ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i enei reo e rua, ko te raupapatanga o ngā kupu i roto i te rerenga kōrero. I roto i te reo Māori, ko te pūmahi (verb) ka haere ki mua, ka whai mai ko te tūpoutanga (subject) me te pānga (object). Tēnei hanganga (VSO) e hanga ana i tētahi manawataki e rerekē ana ki te reo Āmeniana. Ko te reo Āmeniana he reo hangawari ake te kaupapa mo te raupapatanga kupu (free word order), engari ko te nuinga o ngā wā ka whakamahia te hanganga Tūpou-Pānga-Pūmahi (SOV) rānei, ko te Tūpou-Pūmahi-Pānga (SVO) rānei. Ina whakamaori ana te tangata, me wetewete te rerenga kōrero Māori hei hanga anō i roto i te raupapa e tika ana ki te roro o te reo Āmeniana, kia kaua e ahua ke te rere o te kōrero.
I tua atu i te raupapa kupu, ko te pūnaha whakaheke ingoa (declension) o te reo Āmeniana he tino wero. E whitu ngā "cases" o te reo Āmeniana (he tohu wetereo e whakaatu ana i te mahi a te kupu ingoa i roto i te rerenga kōrero). Kei te reo Māori, ka whakamahia ngā kupu pēnei i te "ki", "i", "e", "a", "o" hei whakaatu i enei hononga. Ko te kaiwhakamaori e kōwhiri ana i ngā kupu Māori me mārama pū ko tēhea tohu wetereo Āmeniana (pēnei i te Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Ablative, Instrumental, Locative) te rite ki te kupu pū o te reo Māori. Ki te hē te kōwhiringa o te tohu wetereo i te reo Āmeniana, ka ke te tikanga o te kōrero katoa.
Ngā Pūnaha Tūmahi me te Pūnaha Tuhituhi
He mea nui hoki te wetewete i te taha ki ngā tūmahi (verbs). I te reo Māori, ka tohu te wā me te ahua o te mahi ma ngā kaimahi wetereo i mua i te tūmahi, pēnei i te "kua", "kei te", "e... ana", "i". Kāore te tūmahi e huri i tōna ahua ahakoa ko wai te tangata e kōrero ana (kāore he whakaheke tūmahi mō te tangata tuatahi, tuarua, tuatoru rānei). Engari i te reo Āmeniana, he tino matatini te whakaheke tūmahi (conjugation). Ka huri te pito o te tūmahi hei whakaatu i te tangata (ahau, koe, ia, mātou, koutou, rātou), te rahinga (takitahi, takitini), me te wā (onamata, inamata, anamata). Me tino tohunga te kaiwhakamaori ki tēnei hanganga wetereo kia tika ai te whakawhiti i te hiahia o te tangata nana te kōrero taketake.
Kāore e taea te wareware i te rerekētanga o ngā pūnaha tuhituhi. Ko te reo Māori e whakamahi ana i te arapū Ratina (Latin alphabet) me ngā tohu tohutō (macrons) hei tohu i ngā oropuare roa. Ko te reo Āmeniana ia e whakamahi ana i tētahi arapū ake, te Arapū Āmeniana, i hangaia e Mesrop Mashtots i te tau 405 AD. He 39 ngā reta o tēnei arapū i tēnei wā. Mō te whakawhiti reo a-tuhi, me tino tika te whakahua me te hopu i ngā oro. E hono tata ana te wetereo me te arapū ki te tuakiri o ngā Āmeniana, ā, me whakarite te kaiwhakamaori kia tika te tuhi o ngā kupu matua katoa i roto i te arapū Āmeniana.
Te Whakawhiti Ahurea me ngā Ariā Hohonu
Ko te whakawhiti ahurea te uho o te whakawhiti reo. Mo te reo Māori, kei roto ngā ariā pēnei i te 'whakapapa' (genealogy/cosmology), 'mana' (prestige/authority), 'mauri' (life force), me te 'kaitiakitanga' (guardianship). Kāore he kupu kotahi i te reo Āmeniana hei whakawhiti tika i enei whakaaro. Me whakamahi te kaiwhakamaori i te ara whakamārama (descriptive translation) rānei, me waiho rānei te kupu Māori me te tāpiri i tētahi kupu whakamārama ki te reo Āmeniana hei whakamārama i te tikanga hohonu. Hei tauira, ko te 'mana' ka taea te whakamaori ki te reo Āmeniana hei "հեղինակություն" (authority) rānei, "ներքին ուժ" (internal power) rānei, engari me tohu tonu tōna ahua tapu e hono ana ki ngā tīpuna me te atua.
Waihoki, he ariā ahurea nui tō te reo Āmeniana e hāngai ana ki tō rātou whenua me tō rātou hītori. Ko ngā kupu pēnei i te "Խաչքար" (Khachkar - he kamaka whakairo whai ripeka e tohu ana i te hononga ki te Atua me te whenua) me te "Հայրենիք" (Hayrenik - whenua tīpuna, tino rite ki te 'turangawaewae' rānei, 'whenua taurikura' rānei). Ina whakamaoritia enei ki te reo Māori, me rapu te reo tika e whakaatu ana i te tapu me te mana o enei taonga ki te hunga Āmeniana. Ko te kaiwhakamaori pai, e mohio ana ki ngā tohu ahurea o ngā iwi e rua, ā, ka whakawhiti i te kōrero ma te whakaute me te rourou ahurea e tika ana.
Ngā Tohu Āwhina mō te Kaiwhakamaori
Mā te whai i enei tohu āwhina ka ngāwari ake, ka tika ake hoki te whakawhiti i tēnei huarahi uaua:
- Mārama ki te horopaki (context): I mua i te tīmatanga, me panui katoa te tuhinga. Ma te horopaki e tohu ko tēhea o ngā kupu kōwhiri te mea tika rawa mō te wetereo Āmeniana, pēnei i te kōwhiringa o te "case" tika mō ngā kupu ingoa.
- Whakaute i te reo o te iwi: Kaua e whakamaori noa i ngā kupu i runga i te mata. Me whakarite kei te mau tonu te wairua me te hohonu o te reo taketake. Mo te reo Māori, te wairua o te kupu; mo te reo Āmeniana, te whakaute ki te hītori me te karakia.
- Whakamahia ngā rauemi pono: Whakamahia ngā papakupu reo-rua pono, ā, me rapu āwhina i ngā mātanga reo o ia taha. He mea nui te mahi tahi me ngā mātanga matua o ngā reo e rua hei manatoko i te kounga o te tuhinga whakamutunga.
- Arotakehia te raupapatanga kupu: I muri i te whakawhiti i te tuhinga, panuitia a-waha. E rere pai ana ki te taringa o te tangata Āmeniana? E mau tonu ana te rerehu o te reo Māori? Ki te kore, me whakatika te wetereo me te whakarite i te rere taukuri o te kōrero.
I te mutunga iho, ko te whakawhiti reo mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Āmeniana he tohu mo te kaha o te tangata ki te tūhono i ngā reo e rua e tawhiti ana te whakapapa me te whenua. Ahakoa ngā wero o te wetereo matatini o te reo Āmeniana me te ahurei o te wetereo Māori, ko te tūhononga i waenga i enei ao linguistic he whakawhanaketanga nui mō te ao katoa, e whakaatu ana he whanaunga tonu ngā iwi katoa na te kaha o te reo me te kōrero.