Te Whakapapa me te Hanga o ngā Reo o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa
He hononga whakapapa piripono tō te reo Māori me te reo Hāmoa (Gagana Samoa). E noho tahi ana rāua i raro i te maru o te whānau reo Ao-te-tonga (Austronesian), otirā ki te peka o ngā reo Poronīhia (Polynesian languages). Nā tēnei hononga tata, he maha ngā kupu he ōrite te pūtake, e kīia nei he kupu kōtahi (cognates). Hei tauira, ko te kupu Māori mō te aroha, ko te 'aroha' tonu, ā, ki te reo Hāmoa ko te 'alofa'. Ko te 'waka' a te Māori, he 'va'a' ki te Hāmoa. Ko te 'kāinga' hei 'āiga', ā, ko te 'matua' hei 'matua' tonu.
Heoi, ahakoa te tata o te hononga, me aro te kaiwhakawhiti ki ngā ture whakahua kupu me te huringa o ngā reta. I roto i te reo Māori, ko te reta 'r' ka huri hei 'l' ki te reo Hāmoa (pēnei i te 'rua' ka huri hei 'lua'). Ko te 'w' o te reo Māori ka huri hei 'v' (pēnei i te 'waho' ka huri hei 'tua' rānei, engari ko te 'whare' ka huri hei 'fale'). I tua atu, ko te oro 'ng' o te reo Māori e tuhia ana hei 'g' ki te reo Hāmoa engari e whakahuatia ana pēnei i te 'ng' (hei tauira, ko te 'tangata' hei 'tagata'). Mā te mārama ki ēnei tauira huringa reta ka māmā ake te rapu i ngā kupu rite me te whakatika i ngā kupu i te wā o te whakawhiti reo.
Te Wetewete Reo: He Ritenga me ngā Rerekētanga ā-Hanganga
Ki te titiro tātou ki te hanganga o ngā rerenga kōrero, he paku rerekē te hanga o ngā reo e rua nei ahakoa te whānau kotahi. Ko te reo Māori he reo e whai ana i te raupapa Tūmahi-Tūpou-Tūāhua (VSO - Verb-Subject-Object) i te nuinga o te wā. Ko te reo Hāmoa hoki e whai ana i tēnei raupapa, engari he ngawari ake tōna hanganga ki te neke i te tūpou ki mua i te tūmahi i roto i ngā rerenga kōrero o ia rā. He wero nui tēnei mā te kaiwhakawhiti kia kore ai e heke te rere o te reo whakawhiti.
Me aro nui hoki ki ngā pūmua me ngā kupu tohu wā. I te reo Māori, ka whakamahia ngā kupu pēnei i te 'kua', 'i', 'e...ana', me te 'ka' hei tohu i te wā o te mahi. Ki te reo Hāmoa, ko ngā kupu rite ko te 'ua' (kua), 'na' (i), 'o lo'o' (e...ana), me te 'e' (ka). Engari, ko te whakamahinga o ēnei kupu Hāmoa ka whakawhirinaki nui ki te horopaki o te rerenga me te ahua o te mahi, ehara i te mea ka taea te whakawhiti tika pēnei i te papakupu. Me tātari te kaiwhakawhiti i te tikanga o te kupu tūmahi me tōna ahua i te reo taketake i mua i te kōwhiri i te kupu e hāngai ana i te reo whāinga.
Ko ngā Taumata o te Reo Hāmoa: Te Gagana Fa'aaloalo me te Whakaute
Ko tētahi o ngā tino rerekētanga o te reo Hāmoa ki te reo Māori ko te whakamahinga o te 'Gagana Fa'aaloalo' (te reo o te whakaute). He taumata motuhake tō te reo Hāmoa mō ngā ariki (matai), ngā tohunga, me te karakia. Ina kōrero koe ki tētahi matai, kāore e taea te whakamahi i ngā kupu noa (gagana masani). Hei tauira, mō te kupu 'kai', ka kīia he 'taute' rānei, he 'taumafa' rānei mō te matai, kaua ko te 'ai'. Mō te kupu 'haere mai', ka whakamahia te 'afio mai' mō te matai nui, te 'maliu mai' mō te tupua rānei, engari ko te 'sau' mō te tangata noa.
I te reo Māori, kāore he pūnaha reo whakaute e whai ana i ēnei tūmomo kupu motuhake mō te mana o te tangata pēnei i te reo Hāmoa, ahakoa he tātai kōrero whakaute tō tātou i runga i te marae (pēnei i te whaikōrero me te karanga). Nā reira, ina whakawhiti ana i te kupu a tētahi rangatira Māori, me whakaaro te kaimahi ko wai te kaitautoko me te kaiwhakarongo ki te reo Hāmoa. Ki te kore e kōwhiria te Gagana Fa'aaloalo e tika ana, ka kīia tērā he mahi anuanu, he mahi kore whakaute i roto i te tikanga Hāmoa. He mea matua tēnei kia mau te tapu me te mana o te kōrero taketake.
Te Whakawhiti mō ngā Kupu Tohu Ahurea: Mana, Tapu, me te Mauri
Ko ngā kupu ahurea te tino wero mō tētahi kaiwhakawhiti reo. Ahakoa te mea he ōrite ngā kupu pēnei i te 'mana' me te 'tapu' i roto i ngā reo e rua, he paku rerekē ō rātou whakamahinga me ngā aronga tikanga. Mō te Māori, ko te 'mana' he mana tuku iho mai i te atua, te whenua, me ngā tūpuna. Ki te Hāmoa, he kaha te hononga o te 'mana' ki te mana o te matai, te whakamananga a te Atua Karaitiana i ēnei rā, me te mana whakahaere o te whānau. Ko te kupu 'tapu' (kua tuhia hei 'sa' rānei, hei 'tapu' rānei i ētahi wā) e tohu ana ki te tapu o ngā wāhi, ngā whakaritenga rānei, engari he pinepine te whakamahi i te kupu 'sā' mō ngā ture rāhui pēnei i te 'sā tatalo' (te wā o te karakia ahiahi).
Ko te 'mauri' tētahi atu kupu uaua. Ki te reo Hāmoa, kāore he kupu kotahi e hāngai tika ana ki te katoa o te tikanga o te 'mauri'. Ka taea te whakamahi i te kupu 'mauli' (te manawa ora rānei), engari i te nuinga o te wā me whakamahi he tauira kōrero roa hei whakamārama i te manawa, te ora, me te pūtake o te hinengaro. Ko te mahi a te kaiwhakawhiti ko te rapu i te tikanga i roto i te horopaki, kaua ki te kōwhiri noa i te kupu rite ā-whakapapa.
He Tohutohu Awhina mō te Kaiwhakawhiti Reo
Mō te hunga e mahi ana i tēnei mātāpono whakawhiti reo, he mea nui kia whai i ēnei tohu kia pai ai te puta o te mahi:
- Mārama ki te horopaki ahurea: Whakaritea he hononga ki te hapori Hāmoa kia mohio ai koe ki te rereketanga o te Gagana Fa'aaloalo.
- Tātari i te rereketanga o te tangi: Kia tūpato ki te whakamahi i te 'koma tauaro' (okina - ') me te tohu tōtō (macron - ¯) i ngā reo e rua, nā te mea ka taea e tēnei te huri katoa i te tikanga o te kupu. Hei tauira, i te reo Hāmoa, ko te 'ava' he ipu, engari ko te 'avā' he wahine, ā, ko te 'ava'a' he huarahi.
- Kōrero ki ngā pūkenga reo: Kaua e whakawhirinaki anake ki te papakupu ipurangi. He pai ake te kōrero ki ngā mātanga o te reo Hāmoa me te reo Māori mō ngā kupu whakarite me ngā kīwaha uaua.
- Tirohia te rere o te reo kōrero: Pānuihia te whakawhititanga reo kia kite ai mena he ngāwari te rere o ngā kupu ki te taringa o te tangata Hāmoa.
He taonga nui te reo Māori me te reo Hāmoa nō tō tātou moana nui. Mā te whakapau kaha ki te whakawhiti tika me te whai whakaaro ki ngā tikanga, ka āhei tātou te here i ngā aho o tō tātou hononga ā-tinana, ā-wairua hoki i roto i ngā reo.