Kwilizwe lanamhlanje elihambelana kakhulu ngezobuchwepheshe nonxibelelwano, inguqulelo yeelwimi idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekudibaniseni abantu beentlanga ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kweelwimi ezizodwa nezinomdla ezifuna ingqalelo ebalulekileyo yinguqulelo esuka kwisiXhosa, ulwimi oluthethwa kakhulu eMzantsi Afrika, ukuya kwisiMongolian, ulwimi oluthethwa eMpuma neSikhulu se-Asia. Nangona ezi lwimi zimbini zivakala ngathi zikude kakhulu kwenye kunye ngokwejografi nangezamasiko, ukuguqulela phakathi kwazo kufuna ulwazi olunzulu lwesakhiwo segrama, amagama afanelekileyo, kunye neentsingiselo zentlalo nenkcubeko. Esi sikhokelo siza kuhlaziya iinkcukacha eziphambili, imiceli-mngeni, kunye neengcebiso eziza kunceda abaguquleli benze umsebenzi wobuchwepheshe okumgangatho ophezulu kule mimandla yomibini.
1. Isakhiwo seGrama ne-Syntax: Umceli-mngeni we-SVO kunye ne-SOV
Omnye weyona miceli-mngeni mikhulu xa uguqulela ukusuka kwisiXhosa ukuya kwisiMongolian ngumahluko omkhulu kwisakhiwo sezivesi (word order). IsiXhosa silandela isakhiwo se-SVO (Subject-Verb-Object), apho isifundo siza kuqala, silandelwe sisenzi, kwaye sigqibelise ngento eyenziwayo. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo ngulo: "Umfana ubona inkomo" (Subject: Umfana, Verb: ubona, Object: inkomo). Ngokuchaseneyo noko, isiMongolian sisebenzisa isakhiwo se-SOV (Subject-Object-Verb). Kwesi sakhiwo, isenzi sihlala siza ekugqibeleni kwesivesi. Lona eli phondo lifuna umguquleli ahlele ngokutsha ingcinga yonke ngaphambi kokuba abhale phantsi inguqulelo ukuze ivakale ilula kwaye ifanelekile kubafundi besiMongolian. Ukuba umguquleli uthatha isakhiwo seXhosa wasisa ngqo kwisiMongolian ngaphandle kokutshintsha isakhiwo, isivesi asizukuba nantsingiselo kwaphela.
Ukongeza kwisakhiwo sezivesi, zombini ezi lwimi zineenkqubo zazo ezizodwa zokwakhiwa kwamagama (morphology). IsiXhosa lulwimi olusebenzisa kakhulu izimaphambili (prefixes) kunye neeklasi zezibizo (noun classes) ukuze kulungelelaniswe isivumelwano sasekhaya (concordial agreement) kwisivesi. Kwelinye icala, isiMongolian lulwimi olusebenzisa kakhulu izimamva (suffixes) ngokwenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-agglutination. Oku kuthetha ukuba amagama ahlala ekhula ngokudibanisa izimamva ezininzi ekugqibeleni kwegama elisiseko ukubonisa ixesha, imo, indawo, kunye nobudlelwane begrama. Umguquleli kufuneka abe nobuchule bokukhetha izimamva ezichanekileyo kwisiMongolian ukuze adlulise intsingiselo echanekileyo yezimaphambili zesiXhosa.
2. Izimaphambili zesiXhosa kunye nezimamva zesiMongolian
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isiMongolian asinalo udidi lwezibizo (noun classes) olufana nolwesiXhosa, olwahlulahlula izinto ngokweengqokelela ezahlukeneyo (abantu, izilwanyana, izinto ezingaphiliyo, njl-njl). Oku kuthetha ukuba izimaphambili ezisebenzayo kwisiXhosa ezibonisa udidi nesivumelwano kufuneka ziguqulelwe ngolunye uhlobo kwisiMongolian, ihlala ikukusebenzisa izaci kunye nendlela amagama alandelelana ngayo. Kwakhona, inkqubo yovumelwano lwezakhiwo zezikhamiso (vowel harmony) ebaluleke kakhulu kwisiMongolian ifuna ingqwalasela esisiseko. KwisiMongolian, izikhamiso ezikwigama elinye kufuneka zibe zohlobo olufanayo (nokuba zezangaphambili okanye zezangemva). Oku kuthetha ukuba izimamva ezidityaniswayo kufuneka zitshintshe izikhamiso zazo ukuze zihambelane negama elisiseko. Lo ngumthetho ongasebenzi kwaphela kwisiXhosa, ngoko ke umguquleli kufuneka abe neendlebe ezibukhali kunye nolwazi oluluqilima lwaloo mithetho yopelo lwesimongolian ukuze athintele iimpazamo zokubhala.
3. Ii-Nuances zeNkcubeko: Ibhongo leMfuyo neSiko leLwimi
Uguqulelo alufuni kuphela ukutshintshwa kwamagama asuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kolunye; lufuna ukuthengiswa kwengcinga kunye nenkcubeko (transcreation). Zombini ezi nkcubeko, eyamaXhosa neyamaMongolian, zinebhongo elikhulu ngendlela yazo yokuphila. Umzekelo, zombini ezi ntlanga zineenkqubo ezityebileyo ezinxulumene nemfuyo. KwisiXhosa, inkomo ayisosilwanyana nje; ineentsingiselo ezinzulu ezinxulumene nobulobi, umtshato (ikhazi), kunye nemithetho yezinyanya. Ngokufanayo, kwisiMongolian, ihashe (kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezintlanu ezibalulekileyo: iigusha, iibhokhwe, iinkomo, neekamela) limele ubomi, isiko, neqhayiya lelizwe.
Xa uguqulela amabinzana ngezilwanyana okanye imfuyo ukusuka kwisiXhosa ukuya kwisiMongolian, umguquleli kufuneka aqaphele kakhulu. Izaci namaqhalo asekwe kwindlela yokuphila yamaXhosa kufuphi neenkomo kufuneka zifakelwe amabinzana ahambelana nendlela yokuphila yamaMongolian kufuphi namahashe okanye ubomi bokufuduka (nomadic life) ukuze intsingiselo icace kwaye ibe nefuthe elimangalisayo kubafundi. Umzekelo, igama elithi "ukuzala" okanye imicimbi yobudlelwane phakathi kosapho kufuneka iguqulelwe ngononophelo ukuze ingalahlekelwa yimfezeko yayo yentlonipho (hlonipha) ebaluleke kakhulu kwisiko lesiXhosa. Le mimandla yomibini inemithetho engqongqo yembeko nentlonipho emalunga nendlela ekuthethwa ngayo nabantu abadala okanye iinkokeli.
4. Imiceli-mngeni ye-Lexical neZisombululo kuGuqulelo
Ukungabikho kwamagama alinganayo (lexical gaps) ngomnye wemiceli-mngeni mikhulu. Kuba isiXhosa nesiMongolian zikhule phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zezopolitiko, ezendawo, kunye nezentlalo, kukho amagama amaninzi kwisiXhosa angenazo izichazi-magama ezingqalileyo kwisiMongolian. Umzekelo, amagama afana nelithi "ubuntu", "intonjane", okanye "ukutyhutyha" anentsingiselo ebanzi kakhulu engaphaya kwegama elinye. Ukujongana noku, nazi izicwangciso ezinokusetyenziswa:
- Inkcazo ecacileyo (Paraphrasing): Endaweni yokufuna igama elinye elingekho, umguquleli angabhala inkcazo emfutshane kwisiMongolian ukuchaza ingqondo yegama lesiXhosa ngendlela elula neyazisayo.
- Ukuboleka amagama (Borrowing): Amagama asekhethekileyo enkcubeko angashiywa enjalo (ebhaliwe ngendlela yeCyrillic yesiMongolian) ze kwandiswe inkcazo ngezantsi okanye kwizibakaki ukunika umfundi imvelaphi efanelekileyo.
- Ukufanisa ngokomxholo (Functional Equivalence): Ukufumana igama kwisiMongolian elenza umsebenzi ofanayo nalawo wesiXhosa, nokuba asiyiyo inguqulelo yokoqobo, kodwa lidlulisela umyalezo ofanayo ngokweemvakalelo zentlalo.
Ukongeza, isakhiwo semitshato kunye neentlonipho kwiintsapho zineendlela ezahlukeneyo. IsiXhosa sisebenzisa ulwimi oluthambileyo nolunentlonipho olubhekiselele kubazali okanye abantu abadala. KwisiMongolian, kukho inkqubo efanayo yokuhlonipha kodwa isebenzisa izakhiwo zomnombo nomthetho owahlukileyo. Ukugcina lo moya wentlonipho kubaluleke kakhulu kuguqulelo oluyimpumelelo, ukuze umbhalo wokugqibela ungabonakali udlala ngemilinganiselo yentlalo yomamkeli-mbali.
5. Iingcebiso ezisebenzisekayo kubaguquleli beelwimi zozibini
Ukuze uqinisekise ukuba inguqulelo yakho ikwizinga eliphezulu kwaye iyahambelana nemigaqo ye-SEO ukuze ifumaneke lula kwi-intanethi, kulandela ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo:
- Yenza uphando olunzulu ngaphambi kokuba uqale: Sebenzisa izichazi-magama ezikhethekileyo, funda imibhalo eguqulelwe ngaphambili, kwaye uqonde kakuhle isihloko sentetho ukuze uqinisekise ukuba awuphazami ngemigaqo eyodwa yobuchwepheshe.
- Sebenzisa iteknoloji yenguqulelo (CAT tools): Izixhobo ezifana neTrados okanye iMemoQ zinganceda ukugcina ukungaguquguquki kwamagama (consistency), ingakumbi kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu. Dala iglosari yakho yee-term zesiXhosa nezesiMongolian.
- Funda kwakhona umsebenzi wakho (Proofreading): Qiniseka ukuba umbhalo wokugqibela uyaseleka ngokwendalo kwisiMongolian. Kucetyiswa kakhulu ukuba umbhalo uhlolwe ngumntu othetha isiMongolian njengolwimi lwakhe lwenkobe (native speaker) ukuze alungise iimpazamo zokwakheka kwezivesi.
- Gcina umxholo ukhuselekile: Soloko ukhumbula ukuba injongo kukudlulisa umyalezo ofanayo nendlela owawubhalwe ngayo kwisiXhosa, ngaphandle kokongeza okanye ukuthabatha intsingiselo yoqobo kunye neetoni.
6. Ukuqukumbela: Ukwakha Ibhulorho phakathi kweLwimi neNkcubeko
Nangona inguqulelo esuka kwisiXhosa isiya kwisiMongolian ibonakala inzima kwaye idinga umzamo omkhulu, yindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokwakha unxibelelwano phakathi kwale mimandla mibini yomhlaba. Ngokulandela le migaqo, ukuqonda umahluko wegrama, ukuhlonipha iinkcubeko zombini, kunye nokusebenzisa iindlela ezichanekileyo zokuhlela amagama, abaguquleli banokukwazi ukudlulisa imiyalezo ebalulekileyo ngempumelelo nangesitayile esifanelekileyo. Ukuphuhlisa obu buchule kuya kuvula iingcango ezintsha zentsebenziswano, ulwazi, kunye nophuhliso lwembali yenkcubeko phakathi kwabantu baseMzantsi Afrika nabaseMongolia, kwaye kuya kubandakanya iindlela ezintsha zokuphucula unxibelelwano lwezizwe ngezizwe kwixesha elizayo.