Ko te whakawhiti reo i waenga i te reo Māori me te reo Hiniti (Hindi) he tereina mātauranga e tūhono ana i ngā ao ahurea e rua e tino whai mana ana. Ahakoa he reo taketake te reo Māori nō ngā whenua o Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, ā, ko te reo Hiniti tētahi o ngā reo kōrero nuitia o te ao e whai pānga ana ki te whānau reo Initotauropi (Indo-European), he nui ngā kōrero, ngā whakapono, me ngā pūnaha wetereo e hiahia ana ki te āta tātari mēnā ka whaihia he whakawhitinga reo tōtika. Mā tēnei rārangi tuhinga e whakaatu ngā tikanga, ngā wero wetereo, me ngā tohutohu matua mō ngā kaiwhakawhiti reo e mahi ana i tēnei ara reo whakaharahara.
Ngā Mātāpono Wetereo: Mai i te VSO ki te SOV
Ko tētahi o ngā wero nui rawa atu ina whakawhitia te reo Māori ki te reo Hiniti ko te rerekētanga o te hanganga o te rerenga kōrero. I roto i te reo Māori, ko te hanganga paerewa ko te Tūmahi-Tūpou-Tūingoa (Verb-Subject-Object, VSO). Hei tauira, ina kīia "Kei te kai te tamaiti i te aporo", ko te tūmahi "kai" te tuatahi, ka whai mai te tūpou/tūingoa "te tamaiti", ā, ko te mea whakamutunga ko te otinga "i te aporo".
He rereke rawa atu te reo Hiniti, i te mea e whai ana ia i te hanganga Tūpou-Tūingoa-Tūmahi (Subject-Object-Verb, SOV). Mō taua rerenga kōrero i runga ake nei, ka pēnei te hanga ki te reo Hiniti: "लड़का सेब खा रहा है" (Larka seb kha raha hai - Ko te tamaiti ka kai i te aporo). I konei, ko te tūpou ("larka" / tamaiti) te tuatahi, ko te otinga ("seb" / aporo) kei waenganui, ā, ko te tūmahi me te tūmahi tautoko ("kha raha hai" / kei te kai) kei te mutunga rawa. Mēnā ka whai noa te kaiwhakawhiti reo i te raupapa o te reo Māori, ka koretake te rerenga kōrero ki te reo Hiniti. Ko te tikanga, me wewete te rerenga kōrero, ka hanga hou ai i runga i te raupapa whakararo o te reo ūnga.
He Nuinga nō ngā Matakēkē Wetereo: Ngā Reo me ngā Tūpou
Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga me rāwekeweke e te kaiwhakawhiti reo ko te whakamahi i ngā kupu hono me ngā mārere reo. He reo te reo Māori e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki ngā ahunga (particles) pēnei i te "e", "i", "ki", "kei", "hei" hei whakaatu i te hononga o te kupu ki te rerenga kōrero. Kāhore he whakarerekētanga nui o ngā ingoa ake mō ngā tūnga wetereo. Heoi, i roto i te reo Hiniti, he nui ngā kupu whai-tūnga (postpositions) pēnei i te "को" (ko), "से" (se), "में" (mein), "पर" (par), e whai ake ana i muri tata tonu i te tūingoa. Hei taapiri atu, ko enei kupu whai-tūnga e huri ana i te āhua o te tūingoa hei take motuhake.
- Te Tāne me te Wahine i roto i te Wetereo: Kāhore he taha tāne, taha wahine rānei (grammatical gender) ki ngā tūingoa o te reo Māori. Heoi, i te reo Hiniti, he tane, he wahine rānei ngā tūingoa katoa, ā, e pā ana tēnei ki ngā tūmomo tūmahi me ngā tūāhua e hono ana ki a rātou. Hei tauira, he rerekē te kōrero mō te pukapuka (kua kīia he wahine i te reo Hiniti) ki te kōrero mō te tēpu (he tāne).
- Te Mana me te Tapu o te Paparanga Honore: I te reo Hiniti, he tino nui te aro ki te taumata o te honore (respect registers). E toru ngā ara hei kī i te kupu "koe" - "तू" (tu - tino tata/mokopuna), "तुम" (tum - hoa/orite), me te "आप" (aap - honore/pakeke). Me āta whakaaro te kaiwhakawhiti reo Māori mehemea kei te kōrero ia ki tētahi rangatira (e hiahia ana ki te aap) hei whakaatu i te mana me te tapu o tēra tangata i runga i te ahurea Māori.
Te Whakawhitinga Ahurea: Tūhonotanga o ngā Kaupapa Wairua
Ko te whakawhiti reo ehara i te mea mō ngā kupu wetereo noa iho, engari he mea e pā ana ki te wairua me te ahurea. He nui ngā kaupapa matua o te reo Māori e pā ana ki te ao tōrangapū, te wairua, me te taiao kāhore e kitea ngā kupu taurite tika i te reo Hiniti. Anei ētahi o aua kupu me ngā huarahi e taea ai te whakawhiti:
1. Mana me te Mauri
Ko te "mana" me te "mauri" he kupu e hāngai ana ki te manaakitanga, te mana wairua, me te ia o te ora. Ina whiriwhirihia ēnei ki te reo Hiniti, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā kupu pēnei i te "प्रतिष्ठा" (pratishtha - mana/ingoa nui), "तेज" (tej - te aho ora), me te "प्राण" (prana - te ia o te ora). Heoi, he mea nui kia tapiritia he whakamārama poto mēnā kei te whakaputahia te tuhinga ki tētahi ao kāhore e mōhio ana ki te hōhonutanga o ēnei kupu Māori.
2. Kaitiakitanga
Ko tētahi atu kupu hōhonu ko te "kaitiakitanga". I te ao Hiniti, he nui ngā kaupapa pēnei i te "संरक्षण" (sanrakshan - te tiaki/te raupapa taiao) me te "धरोहर की रक्षा" (dharohar ki raksha - te tiaki i ngā taonga tuku iho). Me whiriwhiri e te kaiwhakawhiti te kupu e tika ana mō te horopaki: mēnā he tiaki taiao ā-kōtahitanga, he tiaki taonga ahurea rānei.
3. Whakapapa
Ko te "whakapapa" he mea tino nui ki te ao Māori. I te reo Hiniti, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā kupu pēnei i te "वंशावली" (vanshavali - te rārangi tūpuna) me te "वंशावली इतिहास" (history of lineage). Ahakoa tēnei, kāhore te kupu Hiniti e whakaatu ana i te hononga o te tangata ki te whenua me te rangi pēnei i te whakapapa Māori. Na reira, he mea nui te hanga i tētahi tauira whakamārama whānui.
Ngā Tohutohu Matua mō te Kaiwhakawhiti Reo Māori ki te Reo Hiniti
Mēnā kei te mahi koe i tētahi tuhinga whakawhiti reo mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Hiniti, me whai i ēnei tikanga matua e whai ake nei hei whakarite i tētahi tuhinga tino kounga:
- Wewetehia te Rerenga Kōrero, Kaua e Whakamāori Kupu-ki-te-Kupu: Nā te rereke o te hanganga (VSO vs SOV), me tuhi rawa ngā whakaaro i roto i te hinengaro ka hanga hou ai i runga i te ahua wetereo o te reo Hiniti.
- Mōhio ki ngā Taumata Honore: Kia mahara ki te whakamahi i te kupu "आप" (aap) me ngā tūmahi honore mēnā kei te kōrero mō ngā ariā wairua, ngā kaumātua, ngā tūpuna rānei o te ao Māori. Ma tēnei e mau tonu ai te mana o te kōrero tuatahi.
- Waihangatia he Rārangi Kupu (Glossary): I mua i te tīmatanga, whakaritea he rārangi o ngā kupu matua Māori pēnei i te "kawanatanga", "rangatiratanga", "manaakitanga" me ngā kupu Hiniti e noho tata ana ki te tikanga, hei pupuri i te taurite i roto i te tuhinga katoa.
- Arohia te Rangatiratanga o te Reo Ā-Iwi: Kia mahara he rereke ngā kupu a tēnā iwi, a tēnā iwi o Aotearoa. Kia kitea hoki ēnei rerekētanga i roto i te aronga o te whakamāoritanga ki te reo Hiniti, inā hoki he nui hoki ngā reo-ā-iwi o te reo Hiniti.
Te Rātaka o te Kounga me te SEO mo te Ao Dijita
I ēnei rā o te ao ipurangi, he mea nui hoki te whai i ngā tikanga SEO ina tuhia te reo Hiniti me te reo Māori ki te ipurangi. Me noho ngā kupu matua pēnei i te "whakawhiti reo Māori", "translation Maori to Hindi", "Maori Hindi wetereo", me te "whakamāoritanga ahurea" ki ngā wāhi matua o te tuhinga, pēnei i ngā upoko (headings) me ngā parakarapa tuatahi. Ma te pupuri i tētahi raupapa whakamārama e hāngai ana ki ngā algorithm rapu, ka ngāwari ake te kitea o tēnei mātauranga nui e te ao katoa. Ahakoa te tāpiri i ngā kōrero hangarau, me mau tonu te wairua o te reo okioki me te tapu o ngā kupu tuku iho a ngā tūpuna.
Ko te whakawhiti i te reo Māori ki te reo Hiniti he ara hou tēnei mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā hapori e rua e aroha ana ki ō rātou reo ake. Mā te whai i ngā ture wetereo, te aro ki ngā tikanga ahurea, me te pupuri i te mārama o te whakaputa kōrero, ka taea te hanga i tētahi piriti pakari i waenga i a Aotearoa me Inia.