Guhindura inyandiko kuva mu rurimi rw'Ikinyarwanda ugana mu Kirilandi (Irish) ni igikorwa gisaba ubumenyi bwimbitse bw'indimi zombi, kuko zikomoka mu miryango y'indimi itandukanye cyane kandi zikaba zifite imyubakire n'amateka atandukanye. Ikinyarwanda ni ururimi rwo mu muryango w'indimi z'Abantu (Bantu languages) rugengwa n'inteko z'amazina n'imiterere y'insanisha ikoresha uturemajambo twometse ku yandi magambo (agglutinative system). Ku rundi ruhande, Ikirilandi ni ururimi rwo mu muryango w'indimi z'Abaselite (Celtic languages) rufite imyubakire yihariye cyane, cyane cyane ku birebana n'aho inshinga yicara mu nteruro n'uburyo inyuguti z'intangiriro z'amagambo zihinduka. Muri iyi nyandiko, turarebera hamwe uburyo bwo guhindura izi ndimi zombi, imbogamizi zigaragaramo, n'inama z'inzobere zagufasha kugera ku buhinduzi bw'umwimerere kandi bufite ireme.
Imyubakire y'Interuro: Gahunda y'Amagambo (Word Order)
Imbogamizi ikomeye ya mbere mu guhindura Ikinyarwanda mu Kirilandi ihera ku buryo interuro zicayemo mu rwego rw'ikibonezamvugo. Mu Kinyarwanda, interuro isanzwe ikurikiza gahunda ya SVO (Subject-Verb-Object), aho inyandiko cyangwa ikirango kigaragaza ukora (Subject) kibanza, hagakurikiraho inshinga (Verb), hanyuma ubwuzuzi (Object) bukurikira. Urugero, interuro nka "Umuhungu ari gusoma igitabo" ifite "Umuhungu" (Subject), "ari gusoma" (Verb), na "igitabo" (Object).
Mu Kirilandi, gahunda y'imyubakire y'interuro ihinduka rwose kuko ukoresha gahunda ya VSO (Verb-Subject-Object). Inshinga niyo ibanza ku buryo butajenjetse mu nteruro zose zemeza cyangwa zihakana. Interuro yavuzwe haruguru mu Kirilandi ihinduka "Léann an buachaill an leabhar", bivuze ngo "Asoma umuhungu igitabo" (Read the boy the book). Iri hinduka rya gahunda y'amagambo risaba umuhinduzi kwitonda cyane no kutagwa mu mutegosekuru wo guhindura ijambo ku rindi, kuko bishobora gutuma inyandiko ihinduwe idasobanutse cyangwa igahindura ibitekerezo mu buryo budasobanutse ku basomyi b'Ikirilandi.
Kuva ku Nteko z'Amazina ugana ku Gitsina cy'Amazina
Ikinyarwanda kigengwa n'inteko z'amazina (noun classes) zigera hafi ku gitsina cumi na bitandatu (16). Izi nteko zikaba zigena uturemajambo tw'imbere (prefixes) tw'amazina n'uburyo amagambo ayasanisha ameze mu nteruro yose, harimo inshinga, ibinyazina, n'ibinyajambo bifatanye. Iri gena rishingiye ku nteko z'amazina ni ryo rufatiro rw'ikibonezamvugo cy'Ikinyarwanda.
Mu Kirilandi, nta nteko z'amazina zihari nk'iz'Ikinyarwanda. Ahubwo, amazina yose agabanywamo ibitsina bibiri gusa: igitsina-gabo (masculine) n'igitsina-gore (feminine). Guhindura izina ry'Ikinyarwanda riri mu nteko yaryo ujya mu Kirilandi bisaba kumenya neza niba iryo jambo ry'Ikirilandi rifatwa nk'igitsina-gabo cyangwa igitsina-gore, kuko ari byo bigena uko inyuguti z'iryo jambo n'amagambo arikikije zizahinduka. Uku guhuza inteko n'ibitsina bisaba ubushakashatsi n'inyagihugu y'iryo jambo kuko nta gihamya cy'uko izina riri mu nteko runaka mu Kinyarwanda ruzaba rufite igitsina runaka mu Kirilandi.
Ihinduka ry'Inyuguti Zitangira Ijambo (Consonant Mutations)
Iki ni kimwe mu bintu byihariye kandi bigoye cyane mu rurimi rw'Ikirilandi kandi bitabaho mu Kinyarwanda mu buryo nk'ubwo. Mu Kirilandi, inyuguti z'intangiriro z'amazina zihinduka (lenition bita 'séimhiú' na eclipsis bita 'urú') bitewe n'amagambo abanza, nko mu gihe izina ryabanjirijwe n'icyerekezo (preposition), ingero nk'iryerekana ubwinshi, cyangwa ibinyazina by'inyamaraso. Urugero, ijambo "cat" (injangwe) rishobora guhinduka "chat" (kubera lenition) cyangwa "gcat" (kubera eclipsis) bitewe n'aho rihagaze mu nteruro n'ijambo ryabanjirije.
Ku muhinduzi uvuga Ikinyarwanda, ubu buryo bushobora guteza urujijo kuko mu Kinyarwanda impinduka z'amagambo zikunze kubera ku nteruro y'imbere mu buryo bw'uturemajambo dushyirwaho (prefixes) nk'inteko cyangwa ibihe by'inshinga. Kumenya ryari kandi n'uburyo ki inyuguti z'Ikirilandi zihinduka ni intwaro ikomeye kugira ngo inyandiko ihinduwe ibe ifite ikibonezamvugo kitariho amakemwa kandi yubahiriza amategeko y'ururimi rw'Ikirilandi.
Ibirego by'Inshinga n'Ibizina (Prepositional Pronouns)
Ikirilandi gifite ibyitwa "prepositional pronouns" (ibinyazina ngereranya), aho inyongerazina (prepositions) n'ibinyazina bishingiye ku muntu (pronouns) bihuzwa bikaba ijambo rimwe rifatanye. Urugero, aho kuvuga "kuri njye" (to me), bavuga "dom", cyangwa "kuri wowe" (to you) bakavuga "duit", "kuri we" (to him) bakavuga "dó". Mu Kinyarwanda, ubu buryo bukorwa hakoreshejwe amagambo atandukanye ("kuri njye", "kuri we", n'ibindi) cyangwa uturemajambo twometse ku nshinga (nk'utwerekana intego cyangwa icyerekezo mu buryo bw'insanisha).
Umuhinduzi agomba kubyitwararika kuko iyo uhinduye ijambo ku rindi utazi ibi binyazina byahujwe, ubona inyandiko idafite ireme kandi itumvikana. Buri preposition mu Kirilandi ifite urutonde rwayo rw'impapuro zihujwe n'abantu (first, second, third person singular/plural), bityo gusobanukirwa izi mpinduka ni ngombwa mu kubaka inyandiko y'umwimerere ifite uburyo busomeka neza.
Inama Z'ingenzi mu Kugera ku Buhinduzi Bufite Ireme
Kugira ngo ugere ku buhinduzi bwiza kandi bufite ireme buva mu Kinyarwanda ugana mu Kirilandi, dore zimwe mu nama z'inzobere ukwiriye gukurikiza:
- Soma cyane inyandiko z'Ikirilandi cy'umwimerere: Kwiga imyubakire y'interuro mu nyandiko zanditswe n'abanyagihugu bituma umenya neza uburyo amagambo n'imvugo z'ikinyarwanda zishobora guhindurwa mu buryo bw'umuco w'Ikirilandi.
- Irinde guhindura ijambo ku rindi (Word-for-Word Translation): Indimi zombi zifite imiterere itandukanye cyane. Guhindura ijambo ku rindi bizatuma inyandiko yawe idasomeka neza kandi ibe irimo amakosa y'ikibonezamvugo. Ahubwo, sobanukirwa igitekerezo cyose ukomeze kucyandika mu buryo buhuje n'imiterere y'Ikirilandi.
- Koresha inkoranyamagambo zizewe: Nka Teanglann.ie cyangwa Foclóir.ie kugira ngo umenye igitsina cy'amazina, ihinduka ry'inyuguti zitangira, n'inyito z'amagambo y'umuco n'amateka.
- Fashwa n'inzobere z'Ikirilandi: Inyandiko zose zihinduwe zigomba gusuzumwa n'umuntu uvuga Ikirilandi nk'ururimi rwe rw'amavuko (native speaker) kugira ngo agorore imvugo n'imyandikire kuko aribo bazi uburyo bunoze bwo kuvugamo ibitekerezo bimwe na bimwe.
Guhuza Umuco n'Imvugo z'Indimi Zombi
Uretse iby'ikibonezamvugo, umuco w'Abanyarwanda n'Abirilandi uratandukanye cyane, kandi ibi bigaragara mu buryo indimi zombi zikoresha imvugo z'ikigereranyo. Ikinyarwanda gikungahaye ku mvugo z'imigenurano, imigani, n'inyito zishingiye ku nka, umuryango, n'ubuhinzi. Ugereranyije, ururimi rw'Ikirilandi na ryo rishingiye cyane ku mateka y'icyaro, inyanja, umuryango, n'umuco w'imigani ya kera (Celtic mythology).
Iyo uhindura mvugo z'ikinyarwanda zishingiye ku nka (urugero: "Guca amapfa", "Gukama", cyangwa imvugo nka "Ntihazacura uwo baje kuramya"), ntushobora kubihindura mu buryo butaziguye mu Kirilandi ngo byumvikane. Umuhinduzi agomba gushaka imvugo ihuje n'iryo gitekerezo mu Kirilandi ikoresha amagambo n'intego z'umuco wabo. Iri huriro ry'umuco niryo rituma ubuhinduzi buba ubw'umunyamwuga, aho kuba igikorwa cya tekiniki gusa, kuko umusomyi w'Ikirilandi akeneye kumva ko inyandiko yanditswe mu rurimi rwe, aho kumva ko ari inyandiko yashyizwe mu zindi ndimi gusa.