He pānui taipitopito mō te hunga e hiahia ana ki te hono i te reo o nehe o Aotearoa ki te reo rākei o Ūropi.
Te Whakataki: Te Hono i te ao Māori ki te Ao Wīwī
I tēnei ao hurihuri o te ao pāpāho me te pāpāho matihiko, kei te piki haere te hiahia ki te whakawhiti reo i waenga i te reo Māori me ngā reo nunui o te ao, pēnei i te reo Wīwī (French). He rerekē rawa ēnei reo e rua; ko tētahi he reo taketake nō Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, ko tētahi he reo Rōmana nō te whānau reo Īndo-Ūropi. Ko te mahi whakamaori i ngā kōrero mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Wīwī he nui ake i te rapu noa i ngā kupu rite i roto i te papakupu. He mahi rapu huarahi tēnei hei whakaatu i te tikanga, te wairua, me te tuakiri o tēnā whare kōrero, o tēnā whare kōrero.
Mā te whakawhiti tika, ka taea te tiaki i te mana o te kupu Māori me te whakarite hoki kia mārama ai te hunga pānui Wīwī ki ngā ariā hōhonu pēnei i te kotahitanga, te manaakitanga, me te whanaungatanga. I roto i tēnei pānui, ka tirohia ngā wero hanganga o te reo, ngā tikanga ahurea me ngā tohutohu mahi hei āwhina i te kaiwhakamaori ki te mahi i tēnei tūhononga nui e kore ai e ngaro te aronga pono o te korero.
Ngā Rerekētanga o te Hanganga me te Wetereo
Ko tētahi o ngā wero nui i te whakawhiti reo mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Wīwī ko te wetereo me te hanganga whānui o ngā rerenga kōrero. Kāore e taea te whakahāngai tika i ngā kupu me te kore e aro ki ngā ture o ia reo. Anei ngā take matua me matua mohio e te kaiwhakamaori:
- Te Pūnaha Rerenga Kōrero (Word Order): Ko te reo Māori he reo tūmua te tūmahi (VSO - Verb-Subject-Object) te nuinga o te wā, pēnei i te kianga "Kei te kai te tamaiti i te aporo". Heoi, ko te reo Wīwī he reo tūmua te tūpou (SVO - Subject-Verb-Object), ara, "L'enfant mange la pomme". Me tahuri te kaiwhakamaori ki te whakatika i tēnei hanganga kia rerehua ai te reo e puta ana ki te taringa o te Wīwī.
- Ngā Tūpou Whaiaro (Pronouns): He tino whai kiko te reo Māori ki te whakaatu i te hononga o te hunga kōrero. Kei a ia te tūpou mō te tokorua (tāua, māua) me te tau tini (tātou, mātou). I roto i te reo Wīwī, ka whakamahia noa te kupu "nous" mō ēnei kupu katoa. Ko te wero kei konei, ko te whakarite mehemea ka ngaro tētahi wāhanga o te hōhonutanga o te kōrero i te kore o ngā tūpou whaiaro rereke i roto i te reo e whai ana.
- Te Ira Tangata o ngā Kupu (Grammatical Gender): I roto i te reo Wīwī, he ira tāne (masculin) he ira wāhine (féminin) ranei ngā tūingoa katoa (hei tauira, "le livre" mō te pukapuka, "la table" mō te tēpu). Kāore he pēnei i roto i te reo Māori. Ina whakawhiti mai i te reo Māori, me āta whiriwhiri te ira tika i roto i te reo Wīwī kia kaua e hē te whakaaturanga o te kōrero me ngā kupuāhua e hāngai ana ki a rātou.
Te Whakawhiti i te Wairua o te Tikanga
Kāore e taea te wehe te reo Māori i ōna tikanga me ōna ariā ahurea. Ko ngā kupu pēnei i te mana, tapu, mauri, me te tino rangatiratanga he tino hōhonu ngā whakamāramatanga kāore e taea te whakawhiti ki te kupu kotahi i roto i te reo Wīwī. Hei tauira, mehemea ka whakamahia te kupu "pouvoir" (power) ranei "prestige" (prestige) mō te mana, ka ngaro te taha wairua o taua kupu Māori.
Ko te tohutohu matua mō tēnei wero, ko te whakamahi i te tekau tohu me ngā whakamāramatanga taapiri (notes de bas de page/footnotes). Anei etahi huarahi aromatawai mō ngā kupu matua:
- Mana: Whakamāoritia ki te reo Wīwī hei "prestige spirituel", "autorité", "pouvoir intrinsèque" rānei, i runga i te horopaki o te rerenga kōrero kia kaua e hē te whakatau.
- Koha: I te nuinga o te wā ka kīia he "cadeau" (gift), engari he pai ake te kī "présent rituel" "don réciproque" rānei kia mau ai te tikanga o te tauutuutu me te manaaki.
- Whanaungatanga: Ka taea te whakamahi i te kupu "sens de la parenté", "relations communautaires", "interconnectivité" rānei hei whakaatu i te hononga o te tangata ki tōna iwi, ki tōna hapū, ki te tinana hoki o te whenua.
Ngā Tohutohu mahi mō te Kaiwhakamaori Tohunga
Ki te hiahia koe kia kounga te whakawhiti reo mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Wīwī, me whai i ēnei huarahi whaitake kua whakamatauria e ngā matanga:
- Mārama ki te Horopaki: I mua i te tīmatanga o te mahi, me mārama pai ki te mātāpuna o te kōrero. Ko wai te kaitito? He aha te kaupapa o te tuhinga? He aha te wairua o te reo kōrero (he whaikōrero, he pānui ōhawa, he pukapuka taketake rānei)?
- Raraunga Rapu Tika: Whakamahia ngā papakupu rongonui pēnei i te Te Aka Māori-English Dictionary hei tirotiro i te tikanga o te kupu Māori ki te reo Ingarangi, kātahi ka kimi i te kupu Wīwī tika rawa. I te mea kāore he papakupu Māori-Wīwī nui, me whai huarahi te kaiwhakamaori mā te reo Ingarangi hei piriti, engari me āta tirotiro kei huri kētia te wairua o te kupu i te huarahi.
- Arotake ā-Hapori: Whakaaturia tau mahi ki tētahi atu kaiwhakamaori, ki tētahi matanga reo Māori me tētahi matanga reo Wīwī rānei. Mā te arotake e rua te ao ka whakatikahia ngā hapa wetereo me ngā hapa ā-ahurea kōrero.
- Waiho te kīanga taketake mēnā e tika ana: Mēnā he kupu tino ahurea, he pai ake te waiho i taua kupu Māori ki roto i te tuhinga Wīwī (mā te whakamahi i te momotuhi tītaha / italics) me te tapiri atu i tētahi whakamārama poto i muri tata mai. Hei tauira: "La pratique du tangihanga (funérailles rituelles maories) est essentielle...".
He Whakarāpopototanga mō te Mahinga Ake
Ko te whakawhiti reo mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Wīwī he mahi whakawhanake hononga i waenga i ngā tikanga e rua, he huarahi e whai mana ai ngā iwi e rua ki te kōrero tahi. Mēnā ka whai te kaiwhakamaori i te hanganga wetereo tika, te whakanui i ngā ariā ahurea Māori, me te whakamahi i ngā tohutohu aromatawai kua whakahuatia ake nei, ka puta he tuhinga e whakaute ana i ngā reo e rua. Tēnei te mahi a te kaiwhakamaori: he mahi hanga piriti hei hono i te ao Māori ki te ao whānui, kia rangona ai te reo o Aotearoa ki ngā tōpito o te ao.