Ko te whakawhitiwhiti reo i waenga i te reo Māori me te reo Hīpira he haerenga i te ara ahurei, he mahi e hono ana i ngā ao hōhonu e rua. Ehara tēnei i te mahi whakawhiti kupu noa iho; he wero nui kei roto i te wetereo, i te hanganga o te reo, me te wairua o ngā tikanga ahurea. He reo motuhake te reo Māori nō te kāhui reo o Poronihia, ā, ko te reo Hīpira he reo Hēmeta kua whakaarahia ake hei reo ora o te ao hou. Hei whakatutuki i tētahi whakamāoritanga kounga tiketike, me matua mārama te kaiwhakawhiti ki ngā rerekētanga ā-hanganga, ā-ahurea hoki i waenga i ēnei reo e rua.
Te Rerekētanga o te Hanga Wetereo: Mai i te VSO ki te SVO
Ko tētahi o ngā wero nui rawa atu mō te kaiwhakawhiti reo ko te raupapa o te rerenga kupu. I roto i te reo Māori, ko te hanganga māori o te rerenga kōrero ko te VSO (Verb-Subject-Object), ara, ko te Kupumahi te tuatahi, ka whai mai ko te Kaimahi (Subject), kātahi ko te Aronga (Object). Hei tauira, "Kua whakaritea e te rangatira te hui." Kua whakaritea (Kupumahi) + te rangatira (Kaimahi) + te hui (Aronga).
Heoi, i te ao o te reo Hīpira hou (Ivrit), ko te raupapa matua ko te SVO (Subject-Verb-Object), he rite tonu ki te reo Pākehā. Hei tauira, "Ha'manhig hichin et ha'yeshiva" (Ko te rangatira i whakarite i te hui). Ahakoa i roto i te reo Hīpira tawhito (te reo o te Ture me te Paipera Tawhito), he kaha hoki te hanganga VSO, ko te reo hou e kōrerotia ana i ēnei rā he reo SVO. Ina whakawhiti te tangata mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Hīpira, me āta whakatika te rerenga kia rerehua te rere o te reo Hīpira. Ki te pupuri tonu te kaiwhakawhiti ki te raupapa Māori, ka terekia te māramatanga ki te kaikōrero Hīpira, ā, ka āhua tauhou te hanga o ngā rerenga kōrero.
Te Pānga o te Ira ki ngā Kupu me ngā Rerenga
Kei te wetereo o te reo Hīpira tētahi tino rerekētanga i te reo Māori, ara, ko te pūnaha ira (gender system). I roto i te reo Māori, kāore he ira o ngā tūingoa, ngā tūāhua, me ngā tūmahi. He ira-kore te tūpou "ia" (mō te tāne me te wāhine). Kāore hoki ngā kupu pēnei i te "pai" e huri i tō rātou hanga ahakoa e kōrero ana mō te tāne, mō te wāhine rānei.
Ki te titiro tātou ki te reo Hīpira, he ira tō ngā tūingoa katoa (he tāne, he wāhine rānei). Ko te mea nui, me huri ngā tūāhua, ngā tūpā whakakāhoretanga, tae atu ki ngā tūmahi kia hāngai ki te ira o te tūingoa. Hei tauira, ki te mea he wāhine te kaimahi, ka huri te tūmahi: ko te "kotev" (כותב - e tuhituhi ana te tāne) ka huri hei "kotevet" (כותבת - e tuhituhi ana te wāhine). Mā tēnei rerekētanga e whakahau te kaiwhakawhiti reo ki te whai i te horopaki e torona atu ai te iratanga o te tangata, o te mea rānei e kōrerotia ana. Ki te kore tēnei āhuatanga wetereo e āta whakaarohia, ka hē te whakamāoritanga, ā, ka kore e whakaute i te wetereo tika o te reo Hīpira.
Te Kawe i te Mauri me te Mana o ngā Kupu Tikanga
Kāore e taea te wetewete i te reo mai i tōna ahurea. He maha ngā kupu Māori e kawe ana i ngā hononga tūpuna, ngā tikanga wairua, me ngā ariā hōhonu kāore e ngāwari ana te whakawhiti ki tētahi atu reo. Ko ngā kupu pēnei i te mana, tapu, mauri, me te kaitiakitanga he tauira pai o tēnei wero.
Me pēhea te whakawhiti i ēnei kupu ki te reo Hīpira? Me āta rapu te kaiwhakawhiti i ngā kupu e kawe ana i te kaha rite, ahakoa kāore i te tino rite te tikanga.
- Tapu: I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea te whakamahi i te kupu Hīpira kadosh (קדוש), e tohu ana i te tapu, i te mea kua whakatapua. Heoi, he rerekē ngā take karakia o muri o tēnei kupu Hīpira, nō reira me āta whakamārama i te horopaki kia kore ai e hanumi ngā ariā whakapono.
- Mana: Ka taea te whakaaro ki te kupu Hīpira kavod (כבוד - e tohu ana i te honore me te whakaute) me te kupu ko'ach (כוח - mana, kaha). Engari, ko te mana o te ao Māori he nui atu i tēnei, e hono ana ki ngā atua me ngā tūpuna, nō reira he pai ake i te nuinga o te wā ki te pupuri i te kupu "mana" ki te reo Hīpira me tētahi kupu whakamārama i tōna taha.
- Mauri: Ko tētahi kupu e tata ana ko te nefesh (נפש) rānei ko te ruach (רוח), ko te wairua o te ora me te hā o te tangata, o te taiao rānei.
Ki te kore tēnei āhuatanga e mātua whakaarohia, ka ngaro te wairua (the essence) o te kōrero tuku iho, ā, ka riro ko te anga noa iho o te kupu te kawea.
Ngā Whakatūpato me ngā Tohu ā-Rauemi mā te Kaiwhakawhiti Reo
Mō te hunga e mahi ana i tēnei taha o te whakawhiti reo, he mea nui kia whai i ngā tohu tohutohu e whai ake nei hei rautaki whakawhanake i te mahi:
- Māramatanga ki te horopaki o te reo Hīpira: E rua ngā hanganga matua o te reo Hīpira: ko te Hīpira o te Paipera (Biblical Hebrew) me te Hīpira Hou (Modern Hebrew). Ki te whakamāori koe i tētahi tuhinga tuku iho, tērā pea he pai ake te whakamahi i te reo o te Paipera e kaha ake ai te wairua o ngā kupu tawhito. Mō ngā tuhinga pāpori o ēnei rā, ko te reo Hīpira hou te mea pai.
- Aukati i te whakamāori ā-kupu (Literal Translation): Ki te āta whakamāori kupu-ki-te-kupu koe i te rerenga Māori ki te reo Hīpira, ka pakaru te tikanga. Me titiro ki te tino whāinga o te kōrero, kātahi ka hanga anō i taua rerenga mā te whakamahi i ngā kianga waha me ngā tauira wetereo o te reo Hīpira.
- Te mahi tahi me ngā matanga: He reo tino ahurei te reo Māori me te reo Hīpira. Ko te mahi tahi me ngā kaikōrero taketake o ngā reo e rua tētahi o ngā ara tino pai rawa atu hei whakarite i te tika o te reo me tōna ahurea.
- Te tuhi i ngā kupu whakamārama (Footnotes/Glossaries): I te wā e whakawhiti ana i ngā ariā hōhonu o tētahi reo, he maha ngā wā he pai ake te waiho i taua kupu taketake (pēnei i te "whakapapa") kātahi ka tuhi i tētahi whakamāramatanga hōhonu ki raro hei tautoko i te kaikōrero Hīpira.
Ahakoa he uaua te ara, he nui te hua o te hono i ēnei reo e rua. Mā tēnei hononga e mārama ake ai ngā hapori e rua ki ngā pukapuka, ngā whakaaro, me ngā kōrero tuku iho a tēnā, a tēnā, hei whakakaha i te mahi tahi a te ao tawhito me te ao hou.