Kushandurwa kwemashoko nemagwaro kubva paChiShona kuenda paChiLao (Lao) ibasa rakaoma zvikuru rinosanganisa mitauro miviri yakasiyana zvachose pakuumbwa kwayo, munhoroondo yayo, pamwe nemutsika dzevanhu vanoitaura. ChiShona, unova mutauro mukuru wemhuri yezvikamu zveBantu unotaurwa muZimbabwe, unozivikanwa nekutsamira kwazvo pazvivakashure nemipanda yemazita yakarongeka. Kune rimwe divi, ChiLao unova mutauro wepamutemo wenyika yeLaos uri mumhuri yemitauro yeTai-Kadai, unova mutauro wematoni (tonal language) uye unotsamira zvakanyanya pazvivakwa zvekutsanangura pasina kushandisa kusanduka kwemashoko kuburikidza nekuwedzera zvikamu (analytic/isolating language). Gwaro rino rinopa nzwisiso yakadzika yezvinhu zvinofanira kucherechedzwa nevaturikiri kuti vakwanise kubudisa basa remhando yepamusoro, rinonzwisisika, uye rakavakirwa patsime retsika dzevanhu vanotaura ChiLao.
1. Musiyano Mukuru weZvivakwa zveGirama neMashoko
Kusiyana kwechimiro chemashoko nemitsara pakati pemitauro iyi miviri ndiro dambudziko guru rekutanga pane vaturikiri vakazvipira. Girama yeChiShona yakavakwa pamusoro pechimiro chinonzi "agglutinative," uko chirevo chemashoko chinowanzozoiswa mukati mezwi rimwe chete rakareba kuburikidza nekuunganidza zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemashoko zvinosanganisira zvivakashure (prefixes) nezvikamu zvemashure (suffixes). Semuyenzaniso, shoko rinoshandiswa zuva nezuva rekuti "ndichakudaudzira" rine chivakashure chemunhu (ndi-), chenguva inouya (cha-), chechinhu chiri kurehwa (ku-), mudzi weshoko (daudz-), pamwe chete nechisungo chekuwedzera pfungwa (ira). Mutsara uyu unokwanisa kumirira pfungwa yose yakazara.
Izvi zvakasiyana zvachose neChiLao, unova mutauro wegirama yakapfava mukuumbwa kwayo asi yakaoma mukushandiswa kwayo nekuda kwekusava nekusanduka kwemashoko (analytic language). MuChiLao, mazwi anomirira pfungwa imwe chete haachinji chimiro chayo zvachose zvichienderana nenguva, huwandu, kana munhu ari kuita chiito. Pane kushandisa zvivakashure, ChiLao chinoshandisa mashoko ekuwedzera anonzi "grammatical particles." Semuenzaniso, kuratidza nguva yakapfuura, panoshandiswa shoko rekuti ແລ້ວ (lɛːw) pakupera kwechiito, uye kuratidza nguva inouya, panoshandiswa shoko rekuti ຈະ (ca) pamberi pechiito. Vaturikiri vanofanira kudzivisa kuturikira shoko neshoko (word-for-word translation) nekuti izvi zvinoita kuti mutsara weChiLao usanzwisisike kana kurasikirwa nerevo yose yepakutanga.
2. Manyorerwo eChiLao uye Kushayikwa kweNzvimbo pakati pemashoko
ChiShona chinoshandisa mabhii eChiratini akatorwa pachirungu, ayo ari nyore kunyora nekugadzirisa zvinyorwa nekuti shoko rimwe nerimwe rine nzvimbo inoriparadzanisa nerimwe (word spacing). Asi kana tichitarisa mutsika nemagariro ekunyora emutauro weChiLao, vanoshandisa mabhii anozivikanwa seLao script, inova abugida yakabva pamabhii ekare eBrahmi. Chimwe chinhu chinokatyamadza vaturikiri vatsva ndechekuti mukunyora kweChiLao, hakuna nzvimbo (spaces) dzinosiiwa pakati pemashoko ose ari mumutsara. Nzvimbo dzinongosiiwa chete pakati pemitsara yakazara kana kuratidza kupera kwepfungwa imwe chete.
Kune muturikiri anobva paChiShona, izvi zvinoreva kuti unofanira kunge uine nzwisiso yakadzika yezviperengo nemashoko eChiLao kuitira kuti ugone kupatsanura mashoko nemazvo paunenge uchiongorora basa rako. Kuderedza dambudziko iri, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa maturusi emazuva ano anokwanisa kuona kupatsanurwa kwemashoko (word segmentation tools) uye kuita shamwari nevaturikiri vechivanhu (native speakers) vekuLaos kuti vaongorore zvinyorwa zvakaturikirwa.
3. Kushandiswa kwe "Classifiers" (Zviratidzi zveMhando yeZvinhu)
Imwe yenhanho dzakaoma pakati peChiShona neChiLao inowanikwa mukushandiswa kwemazita nenhamba. MuChiShona, tinoratidza kuwirirana kwezvinhu kuburikidza nemipanda yemazita (noun classes), uko mupanda wega wega une zvivakashure zvawo zvinotonga zvimwe zvirevo zvose zviri mumutsara. Izvi hazvisizvo zvazvakaita muChiLao. Pane kudaro, ChiLao chinoshandisa mitemo yakaomarara yezviratidzi zvinonzi "classifiers" kana kuti laksanamnam paunenge uchitaura nhamba dzezvinhu kana kushandisa zviratidzi zvakadai sekuti "izvi" kana "izvo."
Semuenzaniso, paunoda kuturikira mutsara wekuti "imbwa nhatu" kuenda muChiLao, chimiro chemutsara chinofanira kutevera hurongwa hwekuti: "imbwa + nhatu + classifier yemhuka" (ໝາສາມໂຕ - ma sam to). Pano, shoko rekuti ໂຕ (to) ndiyo classifier inoshandiswa mhuka, zvipfeko, nemidziyo yakawanda. Kana ukashandisa classifier yemapepa kana yevanhu panzvimbo yemhuka, mutsara wako unenge usiri mugwara uye ucharatidza kushaya unyanzvi kukuru. Muduramazwi rega rega reChiLao mune classifier inoenderana nezita rimwe nerimwe, saka zvakakosha kuti muturikiri aongorore classifier chaiyo isati yaiswa mumutsara.
4. Kuremekedza neMaitiro eChivanhu (Social Registers nePoliteness)
ChiShona nemagariro echivanhu eZimbabwe mutauro une chiremekedzo chikuru. Tine nzira dzekutaurisa dzinosanganisira kushandisa zvisungo zveruremekedzo kana kutaura nemunhu mukuru semunhu ari muzvizhinji (plural forms of address). Kune rimwe divi zvakare, mutauro weChiLao unotungamirwa zvakanyanya nemagariro emhuri, chinzvimbo chemunhu munharaunda, pamwe nemagariro akadzika echitendero chechiBuddha.
Pakuita shanduro kubva paChiShona kuenda paChiLao, muturikiri anofanira kusarudza mashoko anomirira munhu (pronouns) akakodzera zvichienderana neukama hwevanhu vari kukurukurwa. ChiLao chine nzira dzakawanda kwazvo dzekuti "iwe" kana "ini" zvichienderana nekuti uri kutaura nemwana mudiki, munhu wemazera ako, kana munhu akuru ane chinzvimbo. Semuenzaniso, pakushandura zvinyorwa zvepamutemo kana zvechitendero, kushandiswa kwemashoko emutauro wakapfava uye anozvininipisa akadai sekuti ໂດຍ (doy) kana kuti ໂດຍຂ້ាន້ອຍ (doy khanoy) kwakakosha kuitira kuchengetedza rukudzo rwemamiriro ezvinhu anenge ari kutaurwa muduramazwi reChiShona riri kuturikirwa.
5. Mazano Anokosha kune Vaturikiri veChiShona kuenda paChiLao
Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti basa rako rinosvika pamwero wepamusoro uye rinogamuchirwa nevaverengi muLaos, tevera mazano anotevera paunenge uchiita shanduro dzako:
- Tarisisa Pfungwa yeMutsara, Kwete Shoko rimwe nerimwe: Nekuda kwekusiyana kukuru kwezvivakwa zvemutauro, kuturikira shoko neshoko kunokonzera mitsara isina musoro muChiLao. Nzwisisa zviri kurehwa muChiShona wobva wagadzira mutsara mutsva une revo yakafanana muChiLao.
- Kugadzira Glossary yeMabhii Anokosha: Gadzira dhatabhesi yemazwi anowanzo shandiswa mumagwaro ako, kunyanya mazwi eunyanzvi kana ehurumende, kuitira kuti shanduro yako irambe yakabatana kubva pakutanga kusvika pakupedzisira.
- Chenjerera Matoni neZviperengo: Kana uchishanda nemagwaro anotaurwa, iva nechokwadi chekuti manyorerwo anoratidza inzwi chairo rinodiwa pashoko iroro nekuti shoko rimwe chete rinokwanisa kuva nezvirevo zvakasiyana zvichienderana netoni yaro.
- Gadzirisa Zviratidzi zveZvinhu: Gara uine runyoro rwezviratidzi zvemhando dzezvinhu (classifiers) zvinoshandiswa muChiLao kuitira kuti usazokanganisa pakushandisa nhamba nezviratidzi.
- Kutsigira neNative Speaker: Shanduro yega yega inopedzwa inofanira kupfuura nepanzeve nenzizi dzemuverengi wechivanhu ane ruzivo rweChiLao kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti inonzwika zvakanaka uye haikanganisi tsika dzekuSoutheast Asia.
Maitiro aya ese anobatsira pakuvaka shanduro ine simba uye yakanyatsogadzirirwa kufadza vaverengi. Kuburikidza nekunzwisisa mutsauko uyu nekuushandisa nemazvo, unokwanisa kuvhura mikova mikuru yekukurukurirana pakati penyika dzinotaura ChiShona neavo vanotaura mutauro wakapfuma weChiLao.