Guhindura inyandiko kuva mu rurimi rumwe ujyana mu rundi ni umwe mu mirimo isaba ubuhanga buhanitse, cyane cyane iyo uhuza indimi zikomoka mu miryango itandukanye rwose y'indimi ku isi. Guhindura kuva mu Kinyarwanda ugana mu Gitelugu (Telugu)—ururimi ruvugwa n'abantu barenga miliyoni mirongo itandatu muri Leta ya Andhra Pradesh na Telangana mu Buhinde—ni urugero rwiza rw'akazi gakomeye gasaba gusobanukirwa imiterere y'indimi zombi, ikibonezamvugo cyazo, hamwe n'umuco w'abazivuga. Ikinyarwanda ni ururimi rw'Ikibantu rukoresha imyubakire y'interuro ya "Subject-Verb-Object" (SVO), mu gihe Igitelugu ari ururimi rw'Ikidravidiyani (Dravidian) rukoresha imyubakire ya "Subject-Object-Verb" (SOV). Iri tandukaniro ry'ibanze ryerekana ko umuhinduzi adashobora guhindura ijambo ku rindi, ahubwo agomba gusenya interuro y'Ikinyarwanda akayishengerera mu buryo bw'imyandikire y'Igitelugu.
Imiterere y'Interuro n'Itandukaniro ry'Ikibonezamvugo Hagati y'Ikinyarwanda n'Igitelugu
Kugira ngo umuhinduzi agere ku musaruro mwiza, agomba kubanza gusobanukirwa uko interuro zizubakwa mu rurimi rw'intego (Igitelugu). Mu Kinyarwanda, iyo tuvuze tuti: "Umwana ari kurya ibirayi", imiterere ni Umwana (Subject) + ari kurya (Verb) + ibirayi (Object). Mu Gitelugu, iyi nteruro igomba guhindura gahunda y'amagambo ikaba: Umwana (Subject) + ibirayi (Object) + ari kurya (Verb). Mu Gitelugu, ibi byandikwa nka "Pilladu urulagaddalu tintunnadu" (pilladu = umwana, urulagaddalu = ibirayi, tintunnadu = ari kurya).
Usibye imiterere y'interuro, itandukaniro rindi rikomeye riri mu buryo indimi zombi zikoresha uturemajambo twungiriza (inflections and agglutination). Nubwo zombi ari indimi zikoresha uburyo bwo gufunga hamwe uturemajambo (agglutinative languages), Ikinyarwanda cyibanda cyane ku bprefixi (utugambo tubanza ku izina cyangwa ku nshinga), mu gihe Igitelugu cyibanda ku bsuffixi (utugambo tugarukira inyuma y'ijambo). Urugero, mu Kinyarwanda dushobora kugira inshinga nk'iyi: "yabimuhaye" (y-a-bi-mu-haye), aho buri karemashusho kagaragaza ugira icyo akora, icyakozwe, n'igihe byakorewe. Mu Gitelugu, amakuru nk'aya agaragazwa hakoreshejwe amaherezo y'inshinga (verb endings) ndetse n'ingereka zerekana icyerekezo n'uburyo (postpositions).
Guhuza Inteko z'Amazina yo mu Kinyarwanda n'Imiterere y'Amazina mu Gitelugu
Ikinyarwanda kirangwa n'inteko z'amazina (noun classes) zigera kuri 16, aho buri zina rigomba kugira inteko ribarizwamo, kandi iyi nteko ikagena isanisha ry'inshinga, ibinyazina, n'ibimanyisho birimo. Ibi bitandukanye cyane n'Igitelugu. Igitelugu ntabwo gikoresha inteko z'amazina nk'iz'Ikibantu; aho ariko, gikoresha gahunda y'igitsina cy'amazina (gender system) kigabanijemo ibice bitatu by'ingenzi: igitsina gabo (masculine), igitsina gore (feminine), n'ibinebwe cyangwa ibitari abantu (neuter/non-human).
- Igihe uhindura amazina agaragaza abantu: Mu Kinyarwanda, amazina y'abantu aba mu nteko ya 1 n'iya 2. Mu Gitelugu, agomba guhuzwa n'igitsina gabo cyangwa gore by'abantu nyamara hakurikijwe icyubahiro (honorifics). Urugero, ijambo "Umugabo" rishobora guhindurwa nka "Purushudu" cyangwa "Manishi", ariko hakurikijwe imikoreshereze mu nteruro.
- Amazina y'ibintu n'inyamaswa: Amazina yose atari ay'abantu mu Gitelugu afatwa nk'atagira igitsina cyangwa akabarirwa mu kiciro cy'ibitari abantu (neuter). Ibi bivuze ko amazina yo mu nteko ya 3, 5, 7, 9 n'izindi zose mu Kinyarwanda, iyo zigiye mu Gitelugu, zihuzwa n'inshinga n'ibinyazina by'inteko y'ibitari abantu (neuter agreements).
- Isanisha ry'ibihe n'umubare: Igitelugu gikoresha uburyo bw'akajagari k'amaherzo y'amazina (declensions) kugira ngo cyerekane niba izina riri mu bwinshi cyangwa mu bumenyi bw'aho riri (cases/vibhakti). Umuhinduzi agomba kumenya neza akanyangingo (postposition) gakwiriye kometse ku zina ry'Igitelugu kugira ngo kasimbure utugambo nka "kuri", "mu", "kuri", cyangwa "na" twinshi dukoreshwa mu Kinyarwanda.
Inshinga n'Imitegurire y'Ibikorwa: Uruhare rw'Igihe n'Uburyo
Mu Kinyarwanda, inshinga ifite imiterere ikomeye cyane irimo ibimenyetso by'igihe (tense), buryo (mood), n'akayira k'igikorwa (aspect). Igitelugu na cyo gifite inshinga zihindurwa cyane hakurikijwe uwo uvuga, igitsina cye, umubare, hamwe n'igihe. Kimwe mu bintu bigoye cyane mu buhinduzi bwa Kinyarwanda-Telugu ni ukubura kw'uburyo bumwe bw'ibihe by'inshinga.
Urugero, Ikinyarwanda gifite ibihe bitandukanye by'aho ibintu byabereye: igihe cyashize cya hafi (yaje uyu munsi) n'igihe cyashize cya kure (yaje ejo cyangwa kera). Mu Gitelugu, akenshi bakoresha igihe cyashize rusange (past tense) maze bakongeraho amagambo agaragaza igihe nyacyo (nka "nedu" = uyu munsi, cyangwa "ninna" = ejo) kugira ngo basobanure neza itandukaniro ry'igihe. Umuhinduzi agomba kuba maso kugira ngo amakuru yerekeranye n'ibihe atazatakara mu buhinduzi, bityo agasoma neza imiterere y'interuro y'Ikinyarwanda hanyuma akayishyira mu Gitelugu akoresheje amagambo yunganira inshinga.
Guhuza Umuco n'Amagambo y'Urugero (Transcreation and Localization)
Ubuhinduzi bwiza ntabwo bushingiye ku mategeko y'ikibonezamvugo gusa, ahubwo bushingiye no ku buryo amagambo yumvikana mu muco w'abasomyi. Umuco w'Abanyarwanda n'umuco w'Abatelugu (cyane cyane muri Leta za Andhra Pradesh na Telangana) bifite ibintu byinshi bitandukanye cyane.
Muri uyu mukosoro w'ubuhinduzi, hari amagambo menshi y'umuco adafite amagambo ahwanye na yo neza mu rundi rurimi. Urugero, ijambo ry'Ikinyarwanda nka "Umuganda" cyangwa "Gacaca" ntabwo rifite ijambo rimwe mu Gitelugu riyasobanura. Mu gihe uhindura inyandiko irimo aya magambo, umuhinduzi afite amahitamo abiri:
- Gukoresha ijambo nk'uko riri mu Kinyarwanda (transliteration) hanyuma agashyiraho ibisobanuro mu magambo make mu Gitelugu kugira ngo umusomyi asobanukirwa inyito yaryo.
- Gushaka ijambo ry'Igitelugu rifite isano ya hafi n'iryo shusho ry'umuco, nko gukoresha "Shramadanam" (akazi k'amaboko gakorwa n'abaturage ku bwende bwabo) nk'ijambo rishobora kumvikana nk'umuganda, nubwo bitaba bihuye neza ijana ku ijana.
Kuri uru rukuta, imvugo z'ikinyabupfura na zo zigomba kwitonderwa. Ikinyarwanda gikoresha ijambo "Mzee" cyangwa gushyira inshinga mu bwinshi (Urugero: "Muraho" cyangwa "Mwaramutse" mu cyubahiro). Mu Gitelugu, kugaragaza icyubahiro (formal address) bikorwa hakoreshejwe inyajwi y'inyuma nka "garu" yometse ku zina (urugero: "Rama Garu") hamwe n'inshinga zihariye zerekana icyubahiro. Umuhinduzi agomba kumenya imibanire y'abavugwa mu nyandiko kugira ngo akoreshe icyubahiro gikwiriye mu Gitelugu.
Inama Z'Ingenzi Ku Bahinduzi b'Uru rurimi
Kugira ngo inyandiko ihinduwe neza kuva mu Kinyarwanda ugana mu Gitelugu, dore inama z'ingenzi inzobere mu buhinduzi zitanga:
- Soma interuro yose mbere yo guhindura: Kubera ko imyubakire y'interuro y'indimi zombi itandukanye (SVO vs SOV), ntugerageze guhindura ijambo ku rindi. Soma interuro yose mu Kinyarwanda, uyisobanukirwe mu mutwe, hanyuma uyishegerere mu myandikire n'imyubakire ya Telugu.
- Koresha inkoranyamagambo n'ibikoresho bya tekinolojiya: Gura cyangwa ukoreshe inkoranyamagambo zizewe z'indimi zombi, kandi niba bidashoboka, koresha icyongereza cyangwa igifaransa nk'ururimi rw'ikiraro (bridge language) kugira ngo ubonere amagambo agoye ibisobanuro nyabyo.
- Itondere imvugo z'ikigereranyo n'imigani: Imigani y'Ikinyarwanda ntabwo ihindurwa mu buryo bw'ijambo ku rindi. Shaka umugani w'Igitelugu ufite icyo usobanura gihuye n'icyo umugani w'Ikinyarwanda ushaka kuvuga.
- Kora isubiramo rinyuze mu maso y'abavuga ururimi rw'intego: Nyuma yo guhindura, shaka umuntu uvuga Igitelugu nk'ururimi rwe rw'amavuko (native speaker) asome inyandiko yahinduwe kugira ngo arebe niba yanditse mu buryo bw'umwimerere bw'Igitelugu kandi itumvikana nk'inyandiko yahinduwe ku nguvu.