Ukuhumusha okuqukethwe phakathi kwezilimi zendabuko zase-Afrika sekuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu esikhathini sanamuhla sokuxhumana kwedijithali nentuthuko yezomnotho. Phakathi kwalezi zilimi, ukuhumusha kusukela kusiZulu kuya kusiShona kumelele ibhuloho elibalulekile lokuxhumanisa imiphakathi emikhulu emibili e-Ningizimu ye-Afrika. Zombili lezi zilimi zingaphansi komndeni owodwa wezilimi zamaBantu, okusho ukuthi zabelana ngesakhiwo esithile esifanayo nezinye izici zolimi. Nokho, umhumushi osezingeni eliphezulu kumele aqonde ukuthi ngaphezu kwalokhu kufana, kukhona umehluko omkhulu wegrama, isilulumagama, namasiko odinga ukusingathwa ngobuciko obukhulu ukuze umbiko ufinyelele kubafundi ngendlela efanele neyemvelo.
Ukuqhathanisa Uhlelo Lolimi LwesiZulu NesiShona
IsiZulu nesiShona, nakuba zombili kuyizilimi zamaBantu, ziwela ngaphansi kwamaqembu ahlukene. IsiZulu singolunye lwezilimi zesiNguni, ezaziwa ngohlelo lwazo lokuhlanganisa amagama (agglutinative system) kanye nokubhalwa kwamagama ehlangene. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isiShona siwulimi oluzimele olubhalwa kakhulu ngezindlela ezihlukene kancane ngesakhiwo semisho, nakuba nalo lisebenzisa iziqalo nezijobelelo ukukhombisa izenzo nezivumelwano. Lapho uhumusha, kubalulekile ukuba ungalandeli isakhiwo somisho wesiZulu ngqo lapho ubhala ngesiShona.
Umehluko obalulekile usezinhlelweni zezigaba zamabizo (noun classes). IsiZulu sisebenzisa iziqalo ezinezinhlamvu ezimbili ezifana nokuthi um-/umu-, aba-, isi-, imi-, kanti isiShona sisebenzisa iziqalo ezinegama elilodwa njengokuthi mu-, va-, chi-, mi-. Ngokwesibonelo:
- IsiZulu: Isinkwa singcolile.
- IsiShona: Chingwa chakasviba.
Lapha umhumushi kumele azi kahle ukuthi isiqalo sesiZulu esithi isi- iguqukela kanjani kusiShona sithi chi-, nokuthi izivumelwano zezenzo zishintsha kanjani ukuze umisho ube nomqondo ophelele nongenaphutha.
Ukubaluleka Kwamasiko Nezisho Ekuhumusheni
Umbhalo osezingeni eliphezulu awugcini nje ngokuhumusha amagama, kodwa uhumusha amasiko. Imiphakathi ekhuluma isiZulu nekhuluma isiShona inamasiko anothile kakhulu, futhi lokhu kubonakala endleleni izilimi zabo ezakhiwe ngayo. Kunezisho nezaga eziningi ezingeke zihunyushwe ngezwi negama (literal translation). Uma umhumushi ezama ukwenza lokhu, umbhalo ogcinile ungase ubonakale ungenzi mqondo noma ukhubekise abafundi baseZimbabwe nabanye abakhuluma isiShona.
Ngokwesibonelo, isisho sesiZulu esithi "ukushaya utshani" sisho ukubaleka noma ukuhamba ngokushesha. Uma uhumushela lesi sisho kusiShona, ngeke uthi "kurova huswa" ngoba lokho kusho ukushaya utshani ngokoqobo ngenduku futhi akunawo lowo mqondo wokubaleka kuleso siko. Kunalokho, kumele uthole isisho esifanele kusiShona njengokuthi "kutora makumbo" (ukuthatha imilenze/ukubaleka) noma uchaze umqondo ngokuthi "kutiza" (ukubaleka) ukuze umlayezo ube sobala kubafundi.
Izithiyo Ezivamile Nama-False Friends (Amagama Adukisayo)
Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zilimi zombili zakhelene futhi zabelana ngamagama athile ngenxa yomlando ofanayo nemvelaphi yazo, kukhona amagama amaningi azwakala efana kodwa enezincazelo ezihluke ngokuphelele. Lawa magama abizwa ngokuthi ama-false friends (shamwari dzenhema kusiShona). Umhumushi ongakaqapheli kahle angasebenzisa igama elithile ecabanga ukuthi lisho into efanayo kuzo zombili izilimi, kanti empeleni udala ukudideka okukhulu.
Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "isibaya" ngesiZulu lisho indawo yokugcina izinkomo noma imfuyo. KusiShona igama elithi "danga" lisetshenziselwa lokhu. Kodwa-ke, kukhona amagama afana nelithi "ukubhala" ngesiZulu elisho ukubhala phansi (write), kanti kusiShona ukubhala kungathatha ezinye izimo noma kudingeke kusetshenziswe igama elithi "kunyora". Uma umhumushi engaziniki isikhathi sokuhlaziya amagama ngamanye ngokomongo wawo, umsebenzi wakhe ungase ube namaphutha amaningi athinta ikhwalithi yombhalo.
Amaqhinga Nezinyathelo Zokuhumusha Ngochwepheshe
Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ukuhumusha kwakho kusukela kusiZulu kuya kusiShona kufinyelela ezingeni elamukelekile neliphrofeshinali, landela lezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- Funda Kabanzi Ngomongo Wombhalo: Ukuqonda ukuthi umbhalo ubhalelwe bani (target audience) kubaluleke kakhulu. Umbhalo wezomthetho udinga ulimi olusemthethweni nolunembile, kanti umbhalo wokukhangisa (marketing copy) udinga ulimi olukhangayo nolugcwele ubuciko.
- Sebenzisa Izichazamazwi Nezinqolobane Zolwazi Ezithembekile: Ungalokothi uthembele ekuhumusheni ngekhanda kuphela. Sebenzisa amathuluzi anjengezichazamazwi ezikabili (bilingual dictionaries) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi usebenzisa amagama alungile.
- Gcina Umoya Wombhalo Wokuqala: Uma umbhalo wokuqala wesiZulu unomoya wokuzijabulisa noma wemfundo, lowo moya kumele ubonakale nasesiShoneni. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi umhumushi abe nekhono lokubhala eliphezulu kuzo zombili izilimi.
- Hlela Futhi Ubuyekeze (Proofreading): Lapho uqeda ukuhumusha, phumula kancane bese ubuyela embhalweni wakho ngeso elisha. Lokhu kukusiza ukuba ubone amaphutha ohlelo lolimi, isipelingi, kanye nemisho engazwakali kahle.
Ukusebenza Kwe-SEO Okuqukethwe Okuhunyushiwe
Ukuze umbhalo ohunyushiwe kusiShona ufinyelele kubantu abaningi ku-internet, kumele ube ne-SEO enhle. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umhumushi akumele agcine ngokuhumusha kuphela, kodwa kumele enze nocwaningo lwamagama angukhiye (keyword research) kusiShona. Lokhu kusiza ekutheni amagama asetshenzisiwe obe yilawo abantu abavame ukuwabhala lapho besesha izinto ku-Google. Ukufaka la magama angukhiye ezihlokweni (H1, H2, H3) nasemishweni yokuqala yezigaba kwenza ukuba umbhalo ubonakale kalula futhi ufinyelele kubafundi abafanele ngokushesha. Lokhu kusebenza kwe-SEO kubaluleke kakhulu kumabhizinisi afuna ukukhulisa ukufinyeleleka kwawo ezimakethe ezintsha zaseZimbabwe nasemazweni angomakhelwane lapho kukhulunywa khona isiShona.