Kushandura pakati pemitauro miviri inobva kumhuri dzakasiyana zvachose rimwe remazano akaomesesa asi ari anofadza zvikuru mubasa rezvemitauro. ChiShona, mutauro weBantu unotaurwa nevanhu mamiriyoni akawanda muZimbabwe nemumatunhu akapoteredza muAfrica, chakasiyana zvachose nechiWelsh (chinozivikanwa nevanhu veko seCymraeg), mutauro weCeltic unobva kumhuri yeIndo-European unotaurwa mudunhu reWales muUnited Kingdom. Gwara iri rinotsanangura nzira dzemaitiro, mitsauko yakadzama yegirama, matambudziko etsika nemagariro, pamwe nemazano anokosha kune vashanduri vari kuyedza kubatanidza mitauro iyi miviri yakasiyana zvakanyanya.
1. Musiyano Mukuru weGirama neChimiro cheMitauro
Kuti mushanduri abudirire mukushandura kubva kuShona kuenda kuWelsh, anofanira kutanga anzwisisa kuti mitauro iyi inoshanda sei panyaya yegirama uye kurongeka kwemashoko. ChiShona mutauro unobatanidza zvivakiso (agglutinative language), uko midzi yemashoko inowedzerwa zvivakiso zvemberi (prefixes) nezvekupedzisira (suffixes) kuratidza nguva, zvikwata zvemazita, uye nhengo dzemutsara. Kune rimwe divi, chiWelsh mutauro une chimiro chakasiyana chinoda kunyatsochenjerera nekuda kwemitemo yacho yakaoma yegirama.
A. Kurongeka kwemashoko mumutsara (Word Order)
MuShona, kurongeka kwemashoko kunowanzotevera chimiro cheMuiti-Chiito-Chiitwa (Subject-Verb-Object kana SVO). Semuenzaniso, patinoti "Mwana anoverenga bhuku," "Mwana" ndiye muiti, "anoverenga" ndicho chiito, uye "bhuku" ndicho chiitwa. Zvisinei, chiWelsh chinoshandisa chimiro cheChiito-Muiti-Chiitwa (Verb-Subject-Object kana VSO). Mutsara mumwe chete uyu muchiWelsh unoti "Mae'r plentyn yn darllen llyfr" (kureva kuti: "Ari mwana achiverenga bhuku"). Kana mushanduri akatadza kugadzirisa kurongeka uku nekuchinjisa zvikamu izvi, mutauro wechiWelsh unozove usina kurongeka uye usinganzwisisiki kune vanhu vanotaura mutauro lowo semutauro wemuno.
B. Zvikwata zveMazita (Noun Classes) vs. Gender yechiWelsh
ChiShona chine zvikwata zvemazita zvinodarika gumi nezvishanu (noun classes), izvo zvinotonga kuti zvirevo, zvipauro, uye zviito zvinowirirana sei nemazita acho kuburikidza nezvibvumirano zvegirama (concordial agreement). MuWelsh, hapana zvikwata zvemazita zvakadai, asi mutauro uyu une mapoka maviri chete anoti chikadzi (feminine) nechirume (masculine). Izvi zvinoreva kuti vashanduri vanofanira kutsvaga nzira yekuenzanisa zvikwata zvemazita zvechiShona muchikadzi kana chirume chechiWelsh. Chiitiko ichi chinoda kuti mushanduri ave neruzivo rwakadzama rwezvirevo nemashoko kuitira kuti ashandise zvirevo zvakakodzera muchiWelsh.
C. Kushanduka kweMakonzonanti ekutanga (Consonant Mutations)
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakaomesesa muchiWelsh kushanduka kwemakonzonanti ekutanga emazwi zvichienderana nemamiriro emutsara, izvo zvinonzi "treigladau" muchiWelsh. Kune marudzi mana ekushanduka uku: soft mutation (meddal), nasal mutation (thrwynol), spirant mutation (llaes), uye mixed mutation. Semuenzaniso, izwi rekuti "pont" (bhiriji) rinogona kushanduka kuva "bont" kana "phont" zvichienderana nemashoko anotungamira kana mamiriro emutauro. ChiShona hachina chiitiko chinotora nzira iyi, izvo zvinoreva kuti vashanduri vanobva kuShona kuenda kuWelsh vanogona kuita zvikanganiso zvakawanda kana vasina kunyatsodzidza mitemo iyi yakaoma.
2. Tsika nemadimikira: Matambudziko eKushandura Pfungwa
Mutauro hausi mashoko chete anongotaurwa, asi chiratidzo chetsika nemagariro evanhu vanouyanzva. ChiShona mutauro wakapfuma zvikuru nemadimikira, tsumo, uye zvirungamutauro zvinoratidza hupenyu hwemumaruwa, mhuri, mhuka, uye nhoroondo dzevaShona. Kana ukaishandura sezvazviri (literal translation) kuenda muchiWelsh, pfungwa zhinji dzinobva dzarasika zvachose.
Funga nezve tsumo inoti: "Kusiri kufa ndekupi, kutsva kwendebvu nemoto unopfuta?" Kana ukaishandura shoko nezwi muchiWelsh, chirevo chinenge chisina musoro uye chinonetesa muverengi. Pano ndipo panouya hunyanzvi hwekuita "transcreation" - kureva kushandura pfungwa nemanzwiro pane kushandura mashoko chaiwo. Mushanduri anofanira kutsvaga tsumo yechiWelsh inoenderana nechinangwa cheiyi tsumo yechiShona, yakadai se "Dewis rhwng y diafol a'r môr dwfn" (kusarudza pakati pemadhimoni negungwa rakadzika), kuitira kuti pfungwa inzwisike zviri nyore.
Zvakare, tsika dzekuremekedza muShona (dzakadai sekushandisa plorari "imi" kana zvisungo zvekuremekedza pakutaura nevakuru) dzinofanira kuenzaniswa muchiWelsh. MuchiWelsh, pane nzira dzekuremekedza dzakafanana dzekushandisa "chi" (kuremekedza kana vanhu vakawanda) uye "ti" (kushamwaridzana kana munhu mumwe chete). Mushanduri anofanira kuziva hukama huri pakati pevanhu vari kutaurwa muchinyorwa kuti ashandise zvisungo zvakakodzera.
3. Mazano Anokosha Kune Vashanduri vechiShona nechiWelsh
Kuti uve mushanduri ane hunyanzvi uye anogona kubudisa basa remhando yepamusoro, tevera mazano anotevera:
- Dzivisa Kushandura Shoko neShoko: Gara uchitsvaga chinangwa chikuru chechinyorwa chose pane kutarisa mashoko ari oga. Izvi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza mweya nezvinangwa zvemunyori wepakutanga.
- Dzidza zvakadzama nezve "Consonant Mutations": Uku ndiko kunowanzoitika zvikanganiso zvakawanda kuvashanduri vasiri vemuno. Dzidzira uye dzokorora mitemo inotonga kushanduka kwemakonzonanti echiWelsh.
- Shandisa Zvishandiso zvekushandura neMaduramazwi Akavimbika: Tarisa maduramazwi akavimbika senge "Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru" (Duramazwi reYunivhesiti yeWales) pamwe nemabhuku egirama yechiShona akanyorwa nenyanzvi kuitira kuenzanisa mazwi matsva zvakarurama.
- Iva neHunyanzvi muNhoroondo nemagariro: Kunzwisisa nhoroondo yeZimbabwe neyeWales kunobatsira zvikuru mukunzwisisa mamiriro ezvinhu anotaurwa muchinyorwa, zvichitaura nezvezvirimwa, mhuka, nengano dzevanhu.
- Verenga Basa Rako Zvinonzwika: Mushure mekushandura, verenga chinyorwa chechiWelsh zvinonzwika kuti unzwe kana chine mutsindo nemhepo yechiWelsh chemusikirwo.
4. Kukosha kweKushandura Kwakarurama mune zvenhoroondo neKudyidzana
Kunyange zvazvo chiShona nechiWelsh zvichiratidza kunge zvisina hukama hwepedyo uye zvichibva kumatunhu akasiyana kwazvo epasi rose, kushandura pakati pemitauro iyi kunovhura mikova mikuru yekudyidzana pakati petsika dzeAfrica neEurope. Mukushandura kwakarurama, tinokwanisa kuchengetedza zivo yakakosha, nhetembo, ngano, uye nhoroondo dzevanhu zvisina kurasikirwa nechirevo chazvo chepakutanga. Kuburikidza nekunzwisisa mutsauko yegirama, kudzivirira kushandura shoko neshoko, uye kuremekedza magariro evanhu vari kutaurirwa, vashanduri vanogona kubudisa chinyorwa chakarurama, chinoyevedza, uye chinogutsa muverengi.