Kwilizwe lanamhlanje ledijithali nelonxibelelwano lwehlabathi, uguqulelo lweenkqubo kunye neembali phakathi kweelwimi ezohlukeneyo luye lwaba yintsika ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho, inkcubeko, kunye nemfundo. Ukuguqulela ukusuka kwisiXhosa, ulwimi oluthethwa kakhulu eMzantsi Afrika, oluphantsi kosapho lweelwimi zeBantu ezaziwa ngobutyebi bazo bezandi nezakhiwo, ukuya kwisi-Indonesiya (Bahasa Indonesia, ulwimi lwase-Austronesia oluthethwa zizigidi zabantu e-Southeast Asia), kunika imiceli-mngeni eyodwa nefuna ubugcisa obuphezulu. Ezi lwimi zombini zithwala iimbali ezityebileyo, kodwa ukuhluka kwazo ngokwendawo kunye nokwakheka kolwimi kwenza ukuba umsebenzi wokuguqulela phakathi kwazo ube yinkqubo entsonkothileyo. Eli nqaku liphonononga nzulu iinkqubo, umahluko wolwakhiwo-magama, kunye namacebiso okuguqulela ngokuchanekileyo nangokwe-SEO phakathi kwezi lwimi zombini ukuze umxholo wakho ufikelele kubaphulaphuli ngendlela eyothusayo neyiyo.
Umahluko Wezakhiwo Zomlomo Nolwakhiwo-magama (Grammatical Structure Comparison)
Omnye weyona miceli-mngeni mikhulu xa uguqulela phakathi kwesiXhosa nesi-Indonesiya ngumahluko omkhulu kwisakhiwo solwimi kunye nendlela yokwakha izivakalisi. Ezi lwimi zimbini zivela kwiintsapho zeelwimi ezahluke ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba isakhiwo sayo nganye sifuna ukuqondwa ngokunzulu phambi kokuba uqale nayiphi na inkqubo yokuguqulela.
IsiXhosa lulwimi olusebenzisa i-agglutination, nto leyo ethetha ukuba sisebenzisa izimaphambili nezimamva ezincamatheliswa kwigama elinye ukubonisa intsingiselo. Isenzo ngasinye eziXhoseni singaba nezimaphambili zoxhomekeko lodidi lwesibizo (noun classes), izimelabizo, ixesha (tense), kunye nezinye izichazi. IsiXhosa sineeklasi zezibizo ezili-15 okanye ngaphezulu, ezichaphazela isivumelwanisi saso nasiphi na isichazi okanye isenzo esikwisivakalisi. Umzekelo, sithi "umntwana wam omhle ubaleka kakhulu" kodwa sithi "abantwana bam abahle babaleka kakhulu". Apha uya kuphawula ukuba izimaphambili zezi adjectives kunye nezenzi zitshintshe ngokuxhomekeka kwiklasi yesibizo.
Kwelinye icala, isi-Indonesiya lulwimi olubizwa ngokuba yi-analytic okanye isolating language. Asinalo uhlobo lweeklasi zezibizo ezifana nezo zeziXhosa, kwaye asinalo uhlobo lokulungelelanisa amagama ngokuxhomekeke kwisimaphambili sesibizo. Isi-Indonesiya asinalo ixesha elingqongqo lezenzi (verb tenses); endaweni yoko, sisebenzisa amagama abonisa ixesha afana nelithi "sudah" (sekwenzekile) okanye "sedang" (kusaqhuba) ukubonisa ixesha lesenzo. Umzekelo, kwisi-Indonesiya, igama elithi "anak" lithetha umntwana. Ukwenza isininzi, bathi "anak-anak" (abantwana), kodwa isichazi esithi "cantik" (omhle/abahle) kunye nesenzi esithi "berlari" (ubaleka/babaleka) azitshintshi konke konke: "anak saya yang cantik berlari cepat" kunye ne-"anak-anak saya yang cantik berlari cepat". Oku kuthetha ukuba umguquleli kufuneka athabathe isakhiwo esinzulu sesiXhosa asihlakulele sibe ngamagama athile ahlukeneyo nasi-analytic kwisi-Indonesiya ukuze intsingiselo icace kwaye ihambe lula ngaphandle kokuphulukana nentsingiselo yokuqala.
Ukulungelelanisa Amagama noomatshini be-SEO (SEO Localization Strategies)
Xa kubhalwa umxholo wewebhu otshayela phambili kwiinjini zokukhangela ezifana neGoogle okanye iBing, uguqulelo olulula lweliteral alwanelanga. Ukwenziwa kwasekhaya kwe-SEO (SEO Localization) kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba abasebenzisi base-Indonesia okanye baseMzantsi Afrika bafumana lo mxholo xa bekhangela ngeelwimi zabo zokuzalwa. Umguquleli we-SEO kufuneka athathele ingqalelo ezi nkqubo zilandelayo:
- Ukuchongwa Kweengqikelelo Ezingundoqo (Keywords): Amagama asetyenziswa xa kukhangelwa kwi-intanethi awasoloko eguqulelwa ngqo. Umzekelo, ixesha lentengiso okanye amagama ezobuchwepheshe eMzantsi Afrika angasebenzisa isiXhosa esixutywe nesiNgesi ngenxa yekhodi-switching. Kodwa e-Indonesia, ukusetyenziswa kwamagama e-Sanskrit, isiDatshi, okanye isiNgesi kubaluleke kakhulu kumagama akhangelwayo. Kufuneka uphonononge amagama akhangelwa kakhulu e-Indonesia (awaziwa ngokuba yi-Kata Kunci) alingana nalawo apha eMzantsi Afrika ukuze uphakamise indawo yewebhusayithi yakho.
- Ulwakhiwo Lwe-URL kunye nee-Meta Tags: Izihloko (Title Tags) kunye neengcaciso ezifutshane (Meta Descriptions) kufuneka zibhalwe ngendlela enomtsalane kwaye ifikelelekayo kwiimpompo zokukhangela. Ukuguqulela isihloko se-SEO sesiXhosa eside sibe sisi-Indonesiya kufuna ukuba ubude beempawu (characters) bugcinwe phakathi kwama-50 ukuya kwama-60 ukuze isihloko singanqunyulwa kwiikhompyutha okanye kwiiselfowuni.
- Ukihambelana Kwendlela Yokufunda (Readability): Izivakalisi zesiXhosa ezide ezineempawu zokudibanisa amagama kufuneka ziqhekezwe zibe zizivakalisi ezifutshane nezicacileyo kwisi-Indonesiya. Indlela yokubhala kwisi-Indonesiya ithanda izivakalisi ezingqalileyo nezikhawulezayo ukufundeka, ngakumbi kwiintengiso zedijithali, amaphepha eewebhu, kunye neeblogi.
Umahluko Wezenkcubeko Nendlela Yokuzisa Umyalezo Ngokuchanekileyo (Transcreation and Culture)
Intsingiselo yelizwi ixhomekeke kakhulu kwinkcubeko yabo bathetha olo lwimi. Indlela abantu basekuhlaleni ababona ngayo ihlabathi ichaphazela indlela abasebenzisa ngayo iilwimi zabo. Xa uguqulela ukusuka eziXhoseni ukuya kwisi-Indonesiya, indlela yokubhala kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo ezi nkalo zilandelayo zembali nentlalo-ntle:
Okokuqala, isiXhosa sizityebile ngeentetho ezifana namaqhalo nezaci (idioms and proverbs) ezisekelwe kubomi bezolimo, imfuyo, kunye nentlonipho yomphakathi. Intetho ethi "ubuntu" isisiseko senkcubeko yomphakathi wesiXhosa. Nangona ingenako ukuguqulelwa ngqo e-Indonesia, umqondo wayo ungahambelana neengqikelelo ezifana ne-"kemanusiaan" okanye i-"Gotong Royong" (umgaqo wentsebenziswano nokuncedana eluntwini). Ukufumana la magama ahambelanayo kuyanceda ukugcina umphefumlo nomoya womxholo wokuqala.
Okwesibini, kwinqanaba lezentlonipho kunye neentlobo zentetho (registers), isiXhosa sisebenzisa ulwimi lwesidima (ukuhlonipha) xa kuthethwa nabantu abadala okanye iinkokheli. Isi-Indonesiya naso sineendlela ezicacileyo zokuhlonipha (ezaziwa ngokuba yi-Bahasa Halus okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezihlonipho ezifana no-"Bapak", "Ibu", kunye no-"Anda" endaweni yokuthi "kamu"). Ukuba umxholo wokuqala ubonisa imbeko kunye nesidima seklasi ethile yoluntu eMzantsi Afrika, lo moya kufuneka ubonakale kwisi-Indonesiya esikhethiweyo ukuze kungabikho mntu ukhubekayo okanye oziva engahlonitshwanga.
Amacebiso Okulungiselela Uguqulelo Olungenaziphako (Practical Translation Tips)
Ukuze ukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wobuchule nowamkelekileyo kumanqanaba onke, nantsi imigaqo ekufuneka uyilandele ngalo lonke ixesha:
- Phepha Uguqulelo Lwegama Negama (Avoid Literal Translation): Oku kungabangela ukuba umxholo wakho kwisi-Indonesiya ubonakale ungaqhelekanga kwaye ungenangqondo ngenxa yokwahluka kwezakhiwo zamagama. Ngalo lonke ixesha, guqulela umqondo okanye intsingiselo epheleleyo yesivakalisi.
- Sebenzisa Iichazamagama Ezikhethekileyo Kunye NesiNgesi Njengomkhombandlela: Kuba ungekho lula umthombo okhoyo wenguqulelo phakathi kweziXhosa nesi-Indonesiya ngqo, sebenzisa izichazi-magama zazo zombini iilwimi ezinxulumene nesiNgesi. Oku kubonelela ngeqonga elikhuselekileyo lokuqinisekisa ukuba intsingiselo yamazwi asetyenziswayo ayilahleki endleleni.
- Funda Umxholo Ngokuvakalayo Emva Kokuguqulela: Oku kuyanceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba isandi nesingqi sendlela yokubhala siphuma kakuhle kwisi-Indonesiya sasekhaya (natural flow).
- Qinisekisa Inkqubo Yokuhlelwa Zii-Native Speakers: Emva kokuba umsebenzi ugqityiwe, makajongwe ngomnye umntu othetha isi-Indonesiya njengolwimi lwakhe lokuzalwa ukuze alungise naziphi na iimpazamo zokwakheka kwezivakalisi kunye nesigama esisasilelayo.
Isiphelo Semigudu Yokuguqulela Nempumelelowedijithali
Nangona ukuguqulela ukusuka kwisiXhosa ukuya kwisi-Indonesiya kufuna ukuzimisela kunye neenzame ezinkulu zovavanyo lwengqondo nengqiqo, yindlela ebalulekileyo yokwakha amabhulorho phakathi koluntu oluninzi e-Afrika nase-Asiya. Ngokusebenzisa ezi ndlela zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla zokulungelelanisa inkcubeko kunye ne-SEO, nayiphi na info ebhaliweyo inokufikelela kubaphulaphuli abatsha ngendlela efanelekileyo, enempumelelo, neza kuzisa iziphumo ezihle kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela.