Umsebenzi wokuguqulela phakathi kweelwimi ezimbini ezingafaniyo ngokwembali, ngesakhiwo, nangokwendawo ekuthethwa kuyo ufuna ulwazi olunzulu neenkcukacha ezichanekileyo. IsiXhosa, esilulwimi lwesiBantu oluthethwa eMzantsi Afrika, nesiSlovenian, esilulwimi lwesiSlavic esithethwa eYurophu, zineemofoloji nezintaksi ezahluke kakhulu. Eli nqaku liphonononga iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo, imiceli-mngeni esisiseko, kunye namacebiso anceda abaguquleli ukuba bavelise umsebenzi osemgangathweni ophezulu xa baguqulela ukusuka kwisiXhosa ukuya kwisiSlovenian.
Umahluko Wezakhiwo Zomfuziselo Weelwimi (Linguistic Typology)
IsiXhosa lulwimi olusebenzisa kakhulu izalathisi nengcambu zezenzi (agglutinative language). Oku kuthetha ukuba amagama amaninzi akhiwa ngokudityaniswa kwezoxhonyo (prefixes kunye ne-suffixes) kwisiqu segama. Izibizo zesiXhosa zahlulwe ngokweeklasi zezibizo (noun classes), kwaye iklasi nganye inesivumelwano sayo esilawula isivumi-siqangi sentshukumo, isiphawuli, kunye nezinye izahlulo zesivesi. Xa uguqulela, kufuneka uqonde ukuba isenzo esinye sesiXhosa sinokuba nazo zonke iinkcukacha zoxhomekeko, njengokuthi "ndiyamthanda" (nd-ya-m-thand-a).
Kwelinye icala, isiSlovenian lulwimi olusebenzisa i-inflection (synthetic/inflective language). Oku kuthetha ukuba uphelo lwamagama luyatshintsha ukubonisa indima yegama esivestini. IsiSlovenian sinesakhiwo esineekheyisi ezintandathu (six grammatical cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, locative, instrumental) ezichaphazela izibizo, iziphawuli, kunye nezithomalalisi. Ukongeza, isiSlovenian sesinye seelwimi ezimbalwa emhlabeni ezisasebenzisa isimo sesibini (dual grammatical number okanye "dvojina"), esisetyenziswa xa kuthethwa ngezinto ezimbini ngqo, ngaphandle kwesimo somnye (singular) nesimo sethathu okanye ngaphezulu (plural).
Imiceli-mngeni Ebalulekileyo Yokusasazeka Kweentsingiselo
Omnye wemiceli-mngeni omkhulu kukungabikho kokungelelana ngqowamagama phakathi kwezi lwimi zimbini. IsiXhosa sinamagama amaninzi achaza ubudlelwane beentsapho, amasiko, kunye nendlela yokuphila yomphakathi wamaXhosa angekhoyo kwaphela kwisiSlovenian. Umzekelo, amagama afana nelithi "ulwaluko", "intonjana", okanye "ilobola" akanazo iinguqulelo ezithe ngqo kwisiSlovenian. Kule meko, umguquleli kufuneka asebenzise indlela yokucacisa inkcazelo (descriptive translation) okanye agcine igama lokuqala aze afake inqaku elisezantsi (footnote) ukucacisa umxholo.
Kwakhona, isiSlovenian sinamagama achaza izinto ezithile zendalo, imozulu ebandayo, nekhephu, kunye nezithethe zaseYurophu ezingenazithembiso ngqo kwisiXhosa. Umahluko wemozulu neendawo zokuhlala nawo udala umgama weelwimi ekufuneka umguquleli owaziyo omabini amacala awuvalile ngobuchule nobugcisa obuphezulu bezomoya.
Ulungelelwaniso Lwesintaksi Nomgaqo-siseko Wezivesi
Nangona isiXhosa nesiSlovenian zombini zisebenzisa isakhiwo esisisiseko sokuba uMenzi uza kuqala, kulandele iSenzi, kuze kuphele ngoMoniwa (SVO - Subject-Verb-Object), isiSlovenian sinodidi olukhululekileyo lomyalelo wamagama (free word order) ngenxa yeekheyisi zaso. Oku kuthetha ukuba utshintsho kwi-order yamagama kwisiSlovenian alutshintshi intsingiselo esisiseko kodwa lutshintsha uxinzelelo lomyalezo okanye isandi sombhalo (emphasis okanye focus).
Xa uguqulela ukusuka kwisiXhosa, umguquleli akufuneki alandele isakhiwo sesiXhosa igama negama. Kufuneka ahlolisise intsingiselo egcweleyo yesivesi sesiXhosa, aze ayithathe ayibumbe ngokutsha esisebenzisa uphelo lweekheyisi ezichanekileyo nendlela emnandi yokuthetha yesiSlovenian. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-transcreation, apho intsingiselo nogqithiso lomyalezo zibekwa phambili kunesakhiwo elwimi yokuqala.
Amacebiso Nabuchule Bokuguqulela Osemgangathweni
Ukuze uqinisekise ukuba uguqulelo lwakho luhamba kakuhle kwaye lufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokuchaneka, landela le migaqo ilandelayo:
- Uhlalutyo Lomxholo: Ungaqali uguqulelo ngaphandle kokufunda umbhalo uphela. Qonda umoya, ithoni (tone), kunye nabaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo (target audience).
- Ukusebenzisa Izichazi-magama Nezikhokelo: Sebenzisa izichazi-magama zeelwimi zombini, kodwa ulumkele ukuthembela kakhulu kumatshini wokuguqulela (machine translation) ongenalo ulwazi lwenkcubeko.
- Ukuqwalasela Izivumelwano Nezimo: Nethembeka kwimithetho yeesimo zesiSlovenian, ngakumbi ikheyisi efanelekileyo kunye nesimo sesibini (dual) xa ubhala ngezinto ezimbini okanye abantu ababini.
- Ufundo Lwesibini (Proofreading): Emva kokuguqulela, shiya umbhalo ixesha elithile uze ubuye uze kuwufunda ngokungathi ufunda umbhalo owabhalwa ngaloo lwimi okokuqala. Oku kunceda ukubona amaphoso isakhiwo namagama angavakaliyo kakuhle.
Iziphumo Zokusebenzisa Ubuchwepheshe Ekuququleleni
Kweli xesha lanamhlanje, izixhobo zekhompyutha ezifana nee-CAT Tools (Computer-Assisted Translation) kunye nenkqubo zolwimi zokufunda koomatshini (artificial intelligence) zidlala indima enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba isiXhosa nesiSlovenian zizilwimi ezinabasebenzisi abambalwa kwihlabathi ledijithali xa zithelekiswa nesiNgesi, izixhobo ezininzi zekhompyutha zisasilela ekubambeni intsingiselo echanekileyo. Ngoko ke, iliso lomguquleli ongumntu linjengegolide kwaye alinakuthatyathelwa ndawo nayiphi na ikhompyutha.
Ukuqukumbela, ukuguqulela ukusuka kwisiXhosa ukuya kwisiSlovenian luhambo olufuna umonde, uthando lweelwimi, nentlonipho yeenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. Xa umguquleli ezimisele ukufunda nokuziqhelanisa nemiceli-mngeni yazo zombini ezi lwimi, uphuhlisa ibhuloho ebalulekileyo phakathi kwabantu baseMzantsi Afrika nabaseYurophu eMpuma, evula amathuba amatsha entsebenziswano, woncwadi, nophuhliso lwengqondo.