Chishona nemutauro weChiMarathi (Marathi) mitauro miviri yakasiyana zvachose pakuumbwa kwayo, pane kwakabva mitauro iyi, uye mutsika dzevanhu vanoitaura. Chishona mutauro wemhuri yeBantu unotaurwa munyika yeZimbabwe uye kune dzimwe nharaunda dziri pedyo, ukuwo ChiMarathi chiri mutauro wemhuri yeIndo-Aryan unotaurwa zvikuru mudunhu reMaharashtra munyika yeIndia. Kushandura mashoko nemagwaro kubva muchiShona kuenda muchiMarathi kunoda ruzivo rwakadzama rwezvemutauro (linguistics) uye kunzwisisa tsika dzevanhu vese vanotaura mitauro iyi. Iyi inhungamiro yakadzama yekuona kuti zvinyorwa zvakashandurwa zvinobuda zvine unyanzvi, zvakachengetedza zvinorehwa nechekutanga, uye zviri nyore kunzwisisa kune vanoverenga chiMarathi.
Musiyano weZvimiro zveMutauro (Syntactic Differences)
Musiyano mukuru pane zvekugadzirwa kwemitsara pakati peChishona neChiMarathi uri pachinzvimbo chezvipembenene zvemitsara (word order). Chishona chinoshandisa chimiro chinonzi Subject-Verb-Object (SVO). Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutsara unotanga neanoita chiito (Subject), kuchitevera chiito pachacho (Verb), kozoti chinotambira chiito (Object). Semuenzaniso: "Mwana (Subject) anomwa (Verb) mukaka (Object)". Nekune rumwe rutivi, mutauro weChiMarathi unoshandisa chimiro cheSubject-Object-Verb (SOV). Saka mutsara wechiMarathi wekuti mwana anomwa mukaka unonyorwa se: "Mwana mukaka anomwa" (मुलगा दूध पितो - Mulaga doodh pito). Mushanduri anofanira kungwarira zvikuru musiyano uyu, nekuti kuramba wakanamatira kuchimiro cheChishona kunoita kuti mutsara wechiMarathi uve usina kurongeka uye usinganzwisisike.
Chimwe chikamu chakasiyana ndechekushandiswa kwezviratidza-nzvimbo nezvibatanidzi (prepositions nepostpositions). Chishona chinoshandisa zvivakashure zvinotangira mazita (prepositions) kuratidza nzvimbo kana ukama, zvakaita sekuti "kuchikoro", "pamusoro petafura", kana "nemugwagwa". ChiMarathi chinoshandisa postpositions (shabdayogi avyaya) dzinonamwa kumashure kwezita. Zvakare, zita racho risati rabatanidzwa nepostposition, rinotanga rachinjwa kuva mune rimwe chimiro chinonzi "oblique case" (samanya roop) muchiMarathi. Semuenzaniso, zita rekuti "tafura" (मेज - mej) rinoti "pamusoro petafura" richiva "मेजावर" (mejavar). Izvi zvinoda kuti mushanduri anzwisise mashandiro emitemo yegirama yechiMarathi kuitira kudzivirira kukanganisa ukama hwemazwi mumutsara.
Mipanda yeMazita neMhando dzeChikadzi neChirume (Noun Classes and Grammatical Gender)
Chishona mutauro unozivikanwa nekuve nemipanda yemazita (noun classes) inodarika gumi nemasere. Mazita anoiswa mumipanda yakasiyana zvichienderana nezvivakashure zvawo (zvakaita sekuti mu-, va-, chi-, zvi-). Mipanda iyi inotonga madenderedzwa ekubvumirana kwegirama (concordial agreement) mumutsara wose. Zvisinei, Chishona hachina mhando dzechikadzi kana chirume pamatauriro emashoko (grammatical gender). Munhu wose anonzi "iye" (kana "uye") pasina kusarudza kuti murume kana mukadzi.
ChiMarathi chakasiyana zvachose nekuti chine mhando nhatu dze grammatical gender: Chirume (Masculine / पुल्लिंग), Chikadzi (Feminine / स्त्रीलिंग), neChisina-kwarakarerekera (Neuter / नपुंसकलिंग). Zvisazitasingwi (pronouns), zvipauro (adjectives), uye zviito (verbs) zvinofanira kuchinja zvichienderana nehunhu hwezita pane zvekugoverwa kwemhando idzi. Kana mushanduri achibvisa mutsara muchiShona unoti "Mwana ari kuchema", anofanira kuziva kuti mwana uyu ndewechirume here (मुलगा - mulaga) kana kuti ndewechikadzi (मुलगी - mulgi), nekuti zviito zvacho zvichabuda zvakasiyana muchiMarathi ("मुलगा रडत आहे" zvakasiyana ne "मुलगी रडत आहे"). Kana pasina kujeka kwemhando yemunhu kubva murugwaro rweChishona, mushanduri anofanira kushandisa njere dzechiMarathi dzekuzvibatanidza nechimiro chinogamuchirika zvichienderana nemamiriro enyaya (context).
Kushandura Tsumo, Madimikira neTsika dzeChivanhu (Transcreation and Cultural Localization)
Chishona chakapfuma kwazvo nehudzamu hwetsumo nemadimikira zvinotaridza mararamiro, nhoroondo, uye tsika dzevaShona. Tsumo dzakaita sekuti "Chara chimwe hachitswanyinda inda" kana kuti "Kugarika mimba yenzou" hadzigoni kushandurwa shoko neshoko (word-for-word translation) kuenda muchiMarathi. Tikadaro, zvinoreva tsumo idzi zvinobva zvatsakatika kana kuunza mufananidzo usinganzwisisike kuvaverengi vechiMarathi.
Pano ndipo panouya unyanzvi hwe "transcreation" (kugadzira mutauro mutsva wakafanana netsika nepfungwa iripo). Mushanduri anofanira kutsvaga tsumo dzechiMarathi dzine mharidzo yakafanana. Semuenzaniso, tsumo yechiShona inoti "Chara chimwe hachitswanyinda inda" inoreva kubatana nekushandira pamwe. Mune chiMarathi, pane tsumo inoti "एका हाताने टाळी वाजत नाही" (Eka hatane tali vajat nahi - Voko rimwe harigoni kuridza makofi) kana kuti "एकीचे बळ" (Ekiche bal - Simba riri mukubatana). Kushandisa tsumo idzi dzechiMarathi kunoita kuti muverengi weko anzwe rugwaro racho semutauro wake chaiwo waakakurira nawo, kwete sechinhu chakabva kure.
Kuremekedza uye Madhigirii eMatauriro (Honorifics and Registers)
Maitiro ekuremekedzana akakosha zvikuru mune tsika dzevaShona nedzevaMarathi. MuchiShona, tinoshandisa chimiro chekuwanda (plural form) kuratidza ruremekedzo kune vakuru kana kune vausingazivi zvakadzama. Semuenzaniso, kune munhu mumwe chete tinoshandisa "Vamene" kana kuti kuwedzera chivakashure "Va-" pamusoro pezita, uye zviito zvedu zvinotora chimiro chekuwanda (sekuenda pachinzvimbo chekuenda, tichiti "vakaenda" kune mukuru asi "akaenda" kune mudiki).
Mutauro wechiMarathi unoteverawo gwara iri. Une zvisazitasingwi zvekuremekedza zvakasiyana. Kushandusa shoko rekuti "तू" (tu - iwe) kunoratidza ushamwari huri pedyo kana kuti kutaura nemwana mudiki, ukuwo "तुम्ही" (tumhi - imi) kana "आपण" (aapan - imi pane zvekuremekedza zvakanyanya) zvichishandiswa kuremekedza vakuru nevanoremekedzwa munharaunda. Zviito mumitsara yechiMarathi zvinofanirawo kuenderana nesarudzo iyi yeruremekedzo. Mushanduri anofanira kunyatsonzvera ukama huri pakati pevanhu vari kutaurwa murugwaro kuitira kusarudza madhigirii akakodzera ematauriro mumutauro mutsva.
Matambudziko neMazano Anobatsira Vashanduri
Kuti mushanduri abudirire pakati pemitauro miviri iyi, heano mamwe mazano anokosha:
- Kudzivirira kushandura shoko neshoko: Nguva dzose, isa pfungwa dzako pachinangwa chemutsara chose kwete pamazwi akazvimirira. ChiMarathi chine madenderedzwa emanzwiro (nuances) anotaurwa zvakasiyana zvachose neChishona.
- Kushandisa duramazwi rinozivikanwa: Nekuda kwekuti hapana maduramazwi akawanda akananga pakati peChishona neChiMarathi, vashanduri vanowanzoshandisa mitauro yechitatu yakaita seChirungu sedamburanyika (intermediary language). Pano, mushanduri anofanira kungwarira zvikuru kuitira kuti zvimiro zveChirungu zvisapinda nekukanganisa shanduro yechiMarathi.
- Kuverenga nekuvandudza zvakanyorwa (Proofreading): Mushure mekusunungura pfungwa dzeChishona, verenga rugwaro rwechiMarathi rwakabuda wakazvimiririra. Bvunza kuti: Mutsara uyu unonzwika zvakanaka here kumuverengi weChiMarathi akazvarwa nawo? Zviito zvose nemhando dzechikadzi/chirume zvakarongeka zvakanaka here?
- Kunzwisisa mavara eDevanagari: ChiMarathi chinoshandisa mavara eDevanagari (alphabets). Izvi zvakasiyana neChishona chinoshandisa mavara ekuEurope (Latin/Roman alphabet). Kushandura mazita evanhu nenzvimbo kunoda kuratidza ruzivo rwekunyora mazita aya zvakarurama mumavara echiMarathi, pasina kurasikirwa nemataurirwo awo emutauro wepakutanga weChishona.
Kuburikidza nekutevera nhungamiro idzi, shanduro dzeChishona kuenda kuChiMarathi dzinokwanisa kubatsira mukuvaka mabhiriji eukama nekutsinhana kweruzivo pakati petsika idzi mbiri dzakapfuma kwazvo munhoroondo yevanhu.