Kushandurwa kwemashoko kubva kune mumwe mutauro kuenda kune mumwe ibasa rine hudzamu hukuru hunodarika kungotsinhanisa mashoko nemamwe mashoko. Kana tichitaura nezvekushandura mutauro weShona, unova mutauro mukuru weBantu unotaurwa muZimbabwe, kuenda kuChiAmharic (Amharic), unova mutauro weSemitic unotaurwa zvakanyanya munyika yeEthiopia, tinenge tichibatanidza mhuri mbiri dzemisiyano yakakura yemagariro, tsika, nemagadzirirwo emitauro. Mutsara weChishona wakasiyana zvakanyanya neChiAmharic, uye izvi zvinoita kuti basa rekushandura rive neruzivo rwakadzama rwezvemitauro nemagariro evanhu vacho.
Chinyorwa chino chichatsanangura zvakadzama matanho akakosha, matambudziko anowanzoitika, nemazano anogona kushandiswa nevashanduri kuti vape shanduro yakavimbika, inonzwisisika, uye inoremekedza tsika dzevanhu vanotaura mitauro iyi miviri. Mazuva ano, mukana wekutengeserana nekudyidzana pakati penyika dzeAfrica uri kuramba uchikura pasi pechirongwa cheAfrican Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), izvo zvinoita kuti shanduro pakati pemitauro yakaita seShona neAmharic ive yakakosha zvakanyanya.
Misiyano Yemaitiro neMutsetse weMutauro (Syntactic Differences)
Mumwe wezvipingamupinyi zvikuru zvinosangana nevashanduri ndewe mutsetse wemutauro (word order). ChiShona chinoshandisa mutsetse weSubject-Verb-Object (SVO), apo mutsara unotanga neMusoro (Subject), uchiteverwa neChiito (Verb), wozoguma neChinhu (Object). Semuyenzaniso, mumutsara unoti: "Mwana anoda mukaka," "Mwana" ndiye musoro, "anoda" ndicho chiito, uye "mukaka" ndicho chinhu chiri kudiwa.
Kune rumwe rutivi, ChiAmharic mutauro weSemitic unoshandisa mutsetse weSubject-Object-Verb (SOV). Izvi zvinoreva kuti chiito chinogara chiri kumagumo kwemutsara. Mumutauro uyu, mutsara uri pamusoro unganyorwa se: "Mwana mukaka anoda." Kune mushanduri weShona ari kuenda kuAmharic, izvi zvinoda kuti ashandure zvachose mashandiro anoita pfungwa dzake mukugadzira mitsetse. Kana ukaramba uchitevedzera kurongeka kwechiShona muAmharic, mutsara wacho hauzombogadzirisika zvakanaka uye unovhiringidza muverengi zvachose.
Pamusoro pezvo, ChiShona chine mipanda yemazita (noun classes) inosvika gumi nemasere, iyo inotungamira kuwirirana kwezvikamu zvese zvemutsara (concordial agreement). ChiAmharic hachina mipanda yemazita yakafanana neyechiBantu, asi chine mipanda yechikadzi neyechirume (grammatical gender) kune mazita nezvisanganiswa zvawo, pamwe nekuumbwa kwemazita kuburikidza nemitsara inoshandura zvirevo zvichienderana nekuti zvinhu zviri kutaurwa ndezvemhando ipi. Vashanduri vanofanira kungwarira kuti vakwanise kutamisa pfungwa dzezvivakashure zveShona vachienda kuzvikamu zvakafanira zvegirama yeAmharic.
Kusiyana kweMabhii neNzira dzekunyora (Scripts and Alphabets)
Chinhu chinonyanya kuoneka mukushandura mitauro iyi ndiko kusiyana zvachose kwemabhii anoshandiswa kunyora. ChiShona chinoshandisa mabhii eChiratini (Latin script) akajairika, ayo akaunzwa nemamishinari uye ari nyore kushandisa pamakombiyuta nekufambisa mashoko ezuva nezuva. Zvisinei, mutauro weAmharic unoshandisa mabhii emuno anonzi Fidel kana kuti Ge'ez script. Iyi inyanzvi yekunyora yega yakagadzirwa munhoroondo yeEthiopia uye inoshandisa zviratidzo zvinomiririra nzvanyira nevhaweri pamwe chete (syllabary).
Kune mushanduri, kushandisa Fidel kunoda kudzidza mabhii matsva zvachose uye ruzivo rwekugadzirisa makombiyuta (keyboard layouts) kuitira kunyora nemabhii aya. Kunze kweizvozvo, pane mashoko emitsara yakakosha semazita evanhu kana enzvimbo ayo anofanira kuitirwa "transliteration" (kunyora mashoko eShona achishandisa mabhii eGe'ez nenzira inochengetedza mataurirwo awo). Izvi zvinoda nzeve yakapinza uye kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwekuti mabhii eAmharic anomiririra sei ruzha rwezviperengo zveShona zvakaita se "zv", "sh", kana "ch".
Tsumo, Madimikira, netsika dzeMutauro (Cultural Nuances and Idioms)
Mutauro wega wega kuva nemudzi wawo mutsika dzevanhu vanoutaura. MuShona, tsumo nemadimikira zvinoita basa rakakura pakujekesa pfungwa nekupa huremu kumashoko. Somuyenzaniso, tsumo inoti: "Kugona nhanho inotanga neinotsika pasi" inoreva kuti zvinhu zvikuru zvinotangira pazvinhu zvidiki. Ukaedza kushandura tsumo iyi shoko neshoko (literal translation) kuenda kuAmharic, inorasa chirevo zvachose uye inogona kunzwika seisina musoro kune muverengi weAmharic.
Mushanduri ane hunyanzvi anofanira kutsvaga tsumo inoenderana neiyo muAmharic (cultural equivalence) pane kushandura mazwi oga oga. Izvi zvinosanganisirawo kuturikira pfungwa dzezvitendero zvetsika nemagariro. MuZimbabwe, pfungwa ye "Hunhu" yakakosha zvikuru uye inobata hupenyu hwemagariro. MuEthiopia, kune pfungwa yakafanana inosimbisa rukudzo nekurarama pamwe chete nevamwe inonzi "Tizita" kana dzimwe tsika demagariro dzechiHabesha. Kunzwisisa misiyano iyi kunobatsira kuti shanduro yacho isanzwike senge chinhu chakamanikidzwa kubva kunze, asi seunyanzvi huri kubuda mumoyo memutauro unotambirwa.
Matanho Akakosha Mukushandura Mutauro
Kuti shanduro ive yemhando yepamusoro, mushanduri anofanira kutevedzera chirongwa chakarongeka. Heano matanho anokurudzirwa:
- Kunzvera Chinyorwa Chekutanga (Analyzing the Source Text): Mushanduri anofanira kutanga averenga chinyorwa cheShona kashoma kuti anzwisise pfungwa huru, inzwi (tone), uye vateereri vakanangwa.
- Kutsvakurudza Mazwi Akakosha (Terminology Research): Gadzira duramazwi remashoko anonetesa kana ane hunyanzvi hwekugadzira mapurojekiti, uye tsvaga zvakaenzana nazvo muAmharic zvisati zvanyorwa mumutsara.
- Drafting (Kunyora Kwekutanga): Shandura uchiisa pfungwa pane zvirimo pane kutevedzera mazwi rimwe nerimwe, uchitevedzera girama reAmharic (SOV).
- Kugadzirisa Nekugadziridza (Proofreading and Editing): Mushure mekunyora, chinyorwa chinofanira kuverengwa zvakare nemumwe munhu anotaura chiAmharic kubva pamubereko kuitira kuona kuti chinoyerera zvakanaka here.
Mazano anobatsira pakushandura kweShona neAmharic
Kushandura pakati pemitauro miviri iyi kunoda kuzvipira. Heano mamwe emazano anogona kukubatsira munzira iyi:
- Dzivisa Kushandisa Shanduro dzeMichina (Machine Translation) Pasina Ongororo: Maturikiri akaita seGoogle Translate anogona kubatsira pamashoko mashoma, asi anowanzokanganisa zvakanyanya pakati pemitauro yeBantu neSemitic nekuda kwekusiyana kwegirama nemavakirwo emitsetse. Nguva dzose ongorora chinyorwa chako pachako.
- Ramba Uchidzidza Tsika dzeEthiopia neZimbabwe: Mutauro nemagariro hazvigone kupatsanurwa. Kuverenga mabhuku, kuteerera nziyo, nekuona mafirimu emumitauro yese miviri kunobatsira kunzwisisa mataurirwo anowanzoitwa nevanhu veko.
- Shandisa Maduramazwi Akavimbika: Kunyangwe pasina maduramazwi akawanda eShona neAmharic akananga, unogona kushandisa maduramazwi eShona-Chirungu pamwe neAmharic-Chirungu seamburenzi yekutsvagisa pfungwa dzinonetsa.
- Chengetedza Inzwi nechimiro chepakutanga: Kana chinyorwa chiri chenhau dzepamutemo, shanduro yacho inofanira kuratidza hudzamu ihwohwo. Kana chiri chinyorwa chenhoroondo kana nyaya dzevaraidzo, shanduro inofanira kuramba iri nyore uye inofadza kuverenga.
Mukupedzisa, basa rekushandura kubva kuShona kuenda kuAmharic inzira yakanaka kwazvo yekuvaka mabhiriji pakati penzvimbo mbiri dzakakosha dzemuAfrica. Nekutevera mitemo yegirama yeAmharic, kunzwisisa tsika dzevanhu vacho, nekushandisa nzira dzekushandura dzakarongeka zvakanaka, vashanduri vanogona kubatsira mukufambiswa kwemashoko neruzivo nenzira inobatsira vanhu vese viri vaviri.