Ko te whakawhiti reo i waenga i te reo Māori me te reo Kirikisi (Kyrgyz) he kaupapa whakahirahira e hiahia ana ki te tino mōhiotanga ki ngā reo e rua, me ngā ao tikanga e karapoti ana i a rāua. Ahakoa he rerekē te whakapapa o ēnei reo — ko te reo Māori he reo Pōranīhia (Polynesian) nō te whānau Ahitonihiana (Austronesian), ā, ko te reo Kirikisi he reo nō te whānau Tūki (Turkic) — he nui ngā wero wetereo me ngā hononga ā-tinana, ā-wairua hoki hei wetewete mā te kaiwhakawhiti reo.
Mā tēnei tuhinga e wetewete ngā tino nuances o te wetereo me te tikanga o ēnei reo e rua, me te tuku tohutohu whaihua mo ngā kaimahi reo e whai ana ki te hanga piriti i waenga i Aotearoa me ngā maunga nunui o Kirikitana.
1. Te Rerekētanga o te Hanganga Wetereo: Mai i te VSO ki te SOV
Ko te rerekētanga nui rawa atu o ēnei reo ko te raupapa o ngā kupu i roto i te rerenga kōrero. Ko te reo Māori he reo VSO (Verb-Subject-Object). Ko te tikanga, ka tōmua tonu te tūmahi. Anei tētahi tauira māmā:
"I kite te tangata i te maunga."
(Tūmahi: I kite | Kaimahi: te tangata | Mea: i te maunga)
I te reo Kirikisi, he tino rerekē tēnei punaha. He reo SOV (Subject-Object-Verb) ia. Ko te tūmahi te kupu whakamutunga i roto i te rerenga kōrero. Ki te whakawhitia te rerenga i runga ake nei ki te reo Kirikisi, ka huri penei:
"Адам тоону көрдү" (Adam toonu kördü).
(Kaimahi: Адам [tangata] | Mea: тоону [maunga-accusative] | Tūmahi: көрдү [kite])
Mo te kaiwhakawhiti reo, ehara tēnei i te huri noa i te raupapa o ngā kupu, engari he huri i te ahua o te whakaaro. Me taurite te tuku i ngā mea katoa i roto i te rerenga kōrero i mua i te whakaotinga mā te tūmahi. Ki te kore te kaiwhakawhiti e whai i tēnei hanganga, ka noho hangarite, ka noho marara te kōrero ki ngā taringa o ngā kaikōrero Kirikisi.
2. Kupu Tohu Māori ki ngā Suffix Tūhono o te Ao Kirikisi
Ko te reo Māori he reo e whakamahi ana i ngā kupu tohu (particles) pēnei i te "i", "ki", "he", "te", "ngā", "mā", "mō" hei whakaatu i te hononga o ngā kupu. He tuhinga hangarau motuhake ēnei kupu tohu.
Heoi, ko te reo Kirikisi he reo tūhono (agglutinative). Kāore he kupu tohu motuhake pēnei i te reo Māori. Engari, ka whakapiri ngā kupu tāpiri (suffixes) ki te mutunga o te kupu ingoa hei whakaatu i tōna ahunga me tōna keisi (noun cases). Hei tauira, ko te kupu "ki taku whare" ka huri penei:
- Reo Māori: "ki" (ahunga) + "taku" (rangatira) + "whare" (ingoa)
- Reo Kirikisi: "үйүмө" (üyümö) - "үй" (whare) + "-үм" (taku) + "-ө" (ki)
I konei, ka kitea te tikanga nui o te "Vowel Harmony" (te taurite o ngā orooro) i roto i te reo Kirikisi. Ka whakarerekētia te suffix ki te whai i ngā orooro o te kupu matua (mehemea he oro uaua, he oro ngāwari rānei). Me mārama te kaiwhakawhiti ki tēnei ture i te wa e taapiri ana i ngā tohu pēnei i te tohu mō te maha (pēnei i te "-lar" rānei "-ler").
3. Te Whakaatu i te Wā me te Tika o te Kōrero: Ngā Tūmahi me te Evidentiality
Ko tētahi atu rerekētanga nui ko te ahua o te whakaatu i te wā me te tūturutanga o te kōrero. I te reo Māori, ka whakamahia ngā kupu tohu pēnei i te "kua", "kei te", "i", "e...ana" hei whakaatu i te wā o te mahi. Kāore ēnei e whakaatu mēnā i kite a-kanohi te kaikōrero i taua mahi, kaore rānei.
I te reo Kirikisi, he taha wetereo e kīia ana ko te "Evidentiality" (te whakaatu i te puna o te mōhio). He rerekē te kupu tāpiri mō te mahi i kitea a-kanohi e te kaikōrero ki te mahi i rongo noa ia i tētahi atu tangata. Hei tauira, mehemea ka whakawhitia te kōrero Māori: "I haere ia ki te wao tapu", me patai te kaiwhakawhiti ki a ia anō: i kitea tēnei mahi e te kaikōrero, he kōrero taunaha noa rānei?
- Mēnā i kitea a-kanohi: "Ал ыйык токойго кетти" (Ket-ti)
- Mēnā i rongo noa: "Ал ыйык токойго кетиптир" (Ket-ip-tir)
He mea tino nui tēnei nuance wetereo mo te taha ki te tika me te pono o te kōrero, e kore ai e whakapohehetia te kaikōrero Kirikisi.
4. Ngā Tūpou me te Whakaaturanga o te Tokorua
He mea motuhake te punaha tūpou (pronoun system) o te reo Māori e wehewehe ana i te tangata ki te kotahi (singular), te tokorua (dual), me te hunga maha (plural). Waihoki, he rerekētanga kei waenga i te "māua/mātou" (exclusive - kāore te kaiwhakarongo i roto) me te "tāua/tātou" (inclusive - kei roto te kaiwhakarongo).
I te reo Kirikisi, kāore he tūpou motuhake mo te tokorua, kāore hoki he wehewehenga exclusive/inclusive. Ko te kupu kotahi mō ēnei katoa ko te "биз" (biz). Mo te kaiwhakawhiti reo, me tāpiri he kōrero horopaki mēnā he mea nui kia mōhio te kaikōrero Kirikisi ko wai tonu kei roto i te kōrero (pēnei i te whakamahi i te kupu "баарыбыз" mō te tātou katoa).
5. Te Whakawhiti i ngā Kaupapa Ahurea Hohonu: Mana, Tapu, me te Mauri
Ko te tinana o te reo Māori ko te ao tikanga, he mea tino rerekē ki te ao o te reo Kirikisi. Engari, he tauira kōrero anō kei roto i te reo Kirikisi e taea ai te hono i ēnei ariā.
- Mana: He uaua te whakawhiti i te mana. Ka taea te whakamahi i te kupu Kirikisi "аброй" (abroj - ingoa nui/manaakitanga) rānei "кадыр-барк" (kadyr-bark - te aroha me te whakaute o te hapori). Hei pupuri i te mana wairua o te kupu, he maha ngā wā ka mau tonu i te kupu "mana" me te tāpiri whakamāramatanga i te taha.
- Tapu: Ko te tapu ko te here wairua. I te reo Kirikisi, he ariā rite ko te "ыйык" (yiyk - sacred/holy) rānei ko te "тыйын" (tyjym - he mea here/taboo). I runga i te horopaki, ka taea te whakamahi i ēnei kupu e rua hei whakaatu i te hohonutanga o te tapu.
- Mauri: Ko te mauri te mea e ora ai ngā mea katoa. Ka taea tēnei te whakawhiti ki te kupu "жан" (jan - te wairua o te ora) rānei "жашоо күчү" (jashoo küchü - te kaha o te ora).
Mā te whakamahi i ēnei whakatauritenga ā-ahurea, ka mārama te kaikōrero Kirikisi ki te tikanga wairua o ngā kupu Māori, kaua ki te whakawhiti noa i ngā kupu ki te taumata ōpaki.
6. Ngā Tohutohu Matua mo te Kaiwhakawhiti Reo
Mēnā kei te mahi koe i tētahi whakawhiti kōrero mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Kirikisi, me whai i ēnei tikanga matua hei whakarite i te kounga o tō mahi:
- Kaua e whakawhiti kupu-ki-te-kupu: Arotahi ki te aronga katoa o te rerenga kōrero. Nā te rerekē o te hanganga wetereo, ko te whakaaro matua te mea me whakawhiti, ehara i te raupapa o ngā kupu.
- Whakaarohia te ahurea o te reo ūnga: He iwi maunga, he iwi pastoral te iwi Kirikisi. Mo ngā tohutoro e pā ana ki te moana, ki te ngahere, me rapu ngā kupu e hāngai ana ki tō rātou ruruku whenua.
- Tāpirihia he whakamārama (Footnotes): Mēnā he kupu nui tēnei pēnei i te "whakapapa" rānei "tino rangatiratanga", whakamahia te kupu taketake Māori me tētahi whakamāramatanga wetereo i roto i te reo Kirikisi hei pupuri i te tapu o te kōrero.
- Tātarihia te Vowel Harmony: I ngā wā e whakamahi ana i ngā kupu taurewa, kia tūpato ki te pūrangi o ngā suffix hei whakapiri atu kia rata ai te tangi o ngā kupu ki te taringa Kirikisi.
He haerenga hohonu te whakawhiti reo i waenga i te reo Māori me te reo Kirikisi. Ma te whakaute ki ngā ariā wairua o ngā iwi e rua me te tūpato ki ngā rerekētanga wetereo e marama ai tēnei ara hononga ahurea.