Kushandurwa kwemashoko kubva pamutauro wechiShona kuenda kumuKazakh ibasa rakaoma riri kuda hunyanzvi hwepamusoro, kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwezvivakwa zvemitauro, pamwe chete neruzivo rwetsika dzevanhu vanotaura mitauro iyi. ChiShona mutauro wemhuri yeBantu unotaurwa muZimbabwe nedzimwe nzvimbo dzemuAfrica, ukuwo chiKazakh ari mutauro wechiTurkic unotaurwa zvakanyanya kuCentral Asia, kunyanya munyika yeKazakhstan. Mitauro iyi miviri yakasiyana zvachose pabumbiro remutauro, kurongeka kwemitsara, uye netsika. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura nzira, matambudziko, nemazano anobatsira vashanduri kuti vakwanise kuburitsa basa rakatsiga uye rakarurama muunyanzvi hwekushandura.
Girama neKurongeka kweMitsara: SVO neSOV
Musiyano mukuru uye wakakosha uyo mushanduri wese anofanira kutarisa ndewe kurongeka kwemashoko mumutsara (syntax). ChiShona chinoshandisa hurongwa hweSubject-Verb-Object (SVO). Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutsara unotanga neanoita chiito (Subject), kuchitevera chiito pachacho (Verb), kozoti chinoitwa (Object). Semuenzaniso: "Mukomana (S) akaverenga (V) bhuku (O)."
Kune rumwe rutivi, chiKazakh chinoshandisa hurongwa hweSubject-Object-Verb (SOV). Mumutauro wechiKazakh, chiito chinogara chiri kumugumo wemutsara. Kana tikashandura mutsara wechiShona uri pamusoro tichitevedza kurongeka kwechiKazakh, unenge wakadai: "Mukomana (S) bhuku (O) akaverenga (V)." Kana mushanduri akakundikana kuchinja kurongeka uku, mutsara unenge usinganzwisisike zvachose kuvanhu vanotaura chiKazakh. Izvi zvinoda kuti mushanduri anzwisise mutsara wechiShona zvizere, azoshandura pfungwa yacho yose achiisa chiito kumagumo mumutauro wechiKazakh.
Mipanda yeMazita nekuumbwa kweMashoko (Morphology)
ChiShona mutauro unozivikanwa nekuva nemipanda yemazita (noun classes) yakawanda, inotarisira matanho ekuwirirana kwezvivakashure (concordial agreement). Mipanda iyi ndiyo inotara kuti zviito nezvipauro zvinovakwa sei zvichienderana nezita riri kushandiswa. Kune rumwe rutivi, chiKazakh hachina mipanda yemazita yakafanana neyechiShona uye hachina musiyano wezvikadzi nezvirume (gender markers). Nekudaro, chiKazakh mutauro unonzi wechiAgglutinative, unoreva kuti unoshandisa zvivakashure nezvivakashure zvinonamatidzwa kumashure kwezwi remudzi (suffixes) kuti zviratidze ukama hwemashoko nemitsara, zvakaita semamiriro enzvimbo, nguva, kana varidzi (case endings).
MuchiKazakh mune mhando dzenzvimbo dzinonzi 'cases' dzinosvika nomwe (7). Dzinosanganisira Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Locative, Ablative, uye Instrumental. Izvi zvinomiririra zvimwe zvinoreva madungamiriri (prepositions) muchiShona akaita se "kuna", "pa", "kubva", nezvimwe. Mushanduri anofanira kungwarira zvikuru pakusarudza chivakashure chechiKazakh chakakodzera zvichienderana nezviri kurehwa mumutauro wechiShona kuitira kuti mutsara uve nechinangwa chaicho.
Vowel Harmony muChiKazakh
Chimwe chinhu chinonetsa vashanduri vechiShona chiri kudiwa kuti vacherechedze pavanenge vachishandura kuenda kuchiKazakh ndeye "Vowel Harmony" (kuwirirana kwemavhawero). ChiKazakh chine mutemo unoti mavhawero ari mumashoko akapihwa anofanira kuwirirana pakati pekuva mavhawero ekumberi (front vowels) kana mavhawero ekumashure (back vowels). Zvivakashure zvese zvinonamatidzwa pazwi remudzi zvinofanira kutevera mutemo uyu wekuwirirana. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvichibata zvakanyanya pakatauriro nekunyora, mushanduri anofanira kuva neruzivo rwakadzama rwekuti izwi rega rega rinozogadziriswa sei nekuda kwemutemo uyu kuitira kudzivirira zvikanganiso zvezvinyorwa (typos) uye girama risiri iro.
Zvidavado zvetsika neTranscreation
Kushandura hakusi kungochinja mashoko kubva kune mumwe mutauro kuenda kune mumwe chete; ndiko kutakura tsika nemagariro echiShona uchiendesa mutsika dzechiKazakh. ChiShona chakapfuma nemadimikira, tsumo, nemashoko anoremekedza (zvirevo nemanzwiro emadzinza). Semuenzaniso, tsumo dzakaita sekuti "Chara chimwe hachitswanyinda inda" kana kuti kushandiswa kwezita remhuri kuremekedza munhu mukuru hazvigone kushandurwa shoko neshoko (literal translation) kuenda kuchiKazakh.
MuchiKazakh, kune tsika yakasimba yekuremekedza zvakare. Mutauro uyu une nzira mbiri dzekutaura nemunhu: pane inoshandiswa kushamwari kana vadiki inonzi "Sen", uye pane inoshandiswa kuvanhu vakuru kana mune zvemitemo nebhizinesi inonzi "Siz". Mushanduri anofanira kuziva kuti chinyorwa chake chiri kuendeswa kuna ani kuitira kuti asarudze nzira yekuenzanisa inoremekedza zvakakodzera. Kudai chinyorwa chechiShona change chiine matauriro anoratidza ukama nemhuri, zvinoda kuti mushanduri atsvage tsumo dzechiKazakh dzine mufananidzo wekukurudzira pamwe chete panzvimbo yekushandura tsumo yacho shoko neshoko.
Kushandiswa kweZvivakiso zveTekinoroji neZviperengo
ChiKazakh parizvino chinoshandisa zvakanyanya alfabheti yeCyrillic (kunyange paine hurongwa huri kuenderera mberi hwekuenda kualfabheti yeLatin). Izvi zvinoreva kuti vashanduri vanobva kuchiShona vanofanira kunge vakanyatsosununguka kushanda neCyrillic script. Kune mazita emunharaunda kana emadzishe emuZimbabwe anoda kunyorwa mumutauro wechiKazakh (transliteration), zvinoda kungwarira kukuru kuitira kuti mapoporonyo enziyo nemavhawero ataurwe zvakanaka neanoverenga muKazakhstan.
Vashanduri vanofanira zvakare kushandisa maturusi anoita zvekushandura anozivikanwa seCAT Tools (Computer-Assisted Translation) pamwe nemaduramazwi akagadziridzwa. Nekuda kwekuti mitauro iyi isingawanzo shandurwa zvakananga (direct translation pair), kazhinji vashanduri vanoshandisa mutauro weChirungu semutauro wepakati (pivot language). Kushandisa Chirungu kunogona kuunza zvikanganiso zvitsva kana mushanduri akasanyatsonzwisisa zvairatidzwa mukutanga kwechiShona. Saka zvakakosha kuti mushanduri agare aine zvinyorwa zvepakutanga zvechiShona padhuze kuti aenzanise pfungwa yechokwadi.
Mazano Anobatsira Vashanduri vechiShona kuenda kuchiKazakh
- Nzwisisa Shoko neMweya weChinyorwa: Usamhanyire kushandura mashoko. Tanga waverenga chinyorwa chechiShona wanzwisisa pfungwa yakavanzika kana mweya wemunyori kuitira kuti ugoburitsa mufananidzo wetsika nemagariro echiKazakh.
- Ronga Girama rechiKazakh zvakanaka: Gara uchiyeuka kuti chiito chechiKazakh chinofanira kuenda kumagumo emutsara, uye shandisa zvivakashure zve'cases' nemazvo zvichienderana nemamiriro emazita mumutsara.
- Chengetedza Masitaera Netsika dzekuremekedza: Ziva kana uri kushandusa "Siz" (kuremekedza) kana "Sen" (kutaura kwakajairika) mune zvinyorwa zvako zvechiKazakh zvichienderana nemamiriro echinyorwa chechiShona uye vanhu vari kuverenga.
- Shandisa Vatauri VekuKazakhstan Pakuongorora (Review): Mushure mekunyora, zvakakosha kuti munhu ane mutauro wake wechiKazakh aongorore basa rako kuti aone kana richinzweka seriri remusi iwoyo pasina matambudziko ekunyora kana mutauro unovhiringidza.
Mukupedzisa, kushandura kubva kuchiShona kuenda kuchiKazakh kunovhura mikova mitsva yekukurukurirana pakati penyika dzeAfrica neCentral Asia. Kunyange zvazvo mitauro iyi iine misiyano yakakura, kuburikidza nekutevera mazano ari pamusoro apa, vashanduri vanokwanisa kuburitsa zvinyorwa zvakajeka, zvinoremekedza tsika, uye zvine hudzamu hunodiwa nevashandisi vemutauro vechiKazakh pasina kurasikirwa nezvinangwa zvekutanga.