Kushandurwa kwemashoko nemagwaro kubva pamutauro weChishona kuenda pamutauro weChiUrdu ibasa rakaoma zvikuru nekuda kwekuti mitauro iyi inobva kumhuri mbiri dzakasiyana zvachose dzezvemutauro. Chishona mutauro weBantu unotaurwa muZimbabwe neimwe nhanho munyika dzakavakidzana nayo, ukuwo ChiUrdu uri mutauro weIndo-Aryan unotaurwa zvikuru kuPakistan nekuchamhembe kweIndia. Kuti mushanduri akwanise kuendesa shoko chairo kubva pane mumwe mutauro kuenda pane mumwe pasina kurasikirwa nerevo yepakutanga, panodiwa kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwechimiro chemutauro, tsika dzevanhu vanotaura mitauro iyi, uye mutemo wezvemagariro.
Chimiro cheMutsara: Kubva paSVO kuenda paSOV
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kunetsa pakushandura kubva muChishona kuenda muChiUrdu imanisiro nemasisiro anoitwa mashoko mumutsara (syntax). Chishona chinoshandisa chimiro chinozivikanwa nekuti Subject-Verb-Object (SVO), apo muridzi wechiito anotanga, achiteverwa nechiito chacho, kozoti chaitirwa kana chagamuchira chiito kumagumo. Semuyenzaniso, mumutsara unoti: "Mwana (S) anoda (V) mukaka (O)".
Kune rumwe rutivi, mutauro weChiUrdu unoshandisa chimiro cheSubject-Object-Verb (SOV). Izvi zvinoreva kuti chiito chinogara kumagumo kwemutsara zvachose. Kana tichishandura mutsara weChishona uri pamusoro kuenda muChiUrdu, chimiro chinoshanduka kuti "Mwana (S) mukaka (O) anoda (V)" - izvo zvinonyorwa muchiUrdu seyakadai: "بچہ دودھ پسند کرتا ہے" (Bacha doodh pasand karta hai). Kune mushanduri, izvi zvinoreva kuti haugone kungoshandura shoko neshoko (literal translation) sezvo mutsara uchizopedzisira usina zvawakabata muChiUrdu kana mutauri weko akaverenga. Panodiwa kurongazve pfungwa dzese dzeChishona kuti dzienderane nehurongwa hwemashoko hweChiUrdu.
Mipanda yeMazita muChishona neChikadzi/Chirume muChiUrdu
Chishona chinozivikanwa zvikuru nekuda kwekushandisa mipanda yemazita (noun classes) inodarika gumi nepfumbamwe. Mipanda iyi inotonga kuti zvisungo zvemutsara (concordial agreement) zvinofamba sei nemamwe mazwi akadai sezvipauro nezvisarudzo. Semuyenzaniso, mupanda wekutanga wemazita evanhu unoda chisungo chekuti "mu-" kana "va-" (munhu mukuru, vanhu vakuru).
Asi muChiUrdu, chimiro ichi hachipo. Panzvimbo yeizvi, ChiUrdu chinoshandusa chirongwa chechikadzi nechirume (grammatical gender) kune zvese zvipenyu nezvisina upenyu. Zvese zviripo muChiUrdu zvinofanirwa kuva zvechikadzi (Muannas/Feminine) kana chirume (Muzakkar/Masculine). Mitemo iyi inotonga mapindurwo anoitwa zvipauro nezviito. Semuyenzaniso, bhuku muchiUrdu (کتاب - Kitaab) nderechikadzi, saka zvese zvinoenderana naro mumutsara zvinofanirwa kutevera chimiro chechikadzi. Kana mushanduri achibva muchiChishona uko bhuku risiri rechikadzi kana rechirume (riri mumupanda wechishanu "ri-"), anofanira kuziva kuti muchiUrdu bhuku iri richada zvimiro zvechikadzi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mushanduri anofanira kubata musoro mazita emuchiUrdu nemapoka azvo echikadzi nechirume kuitira kuti asagadzira mitsara ine zvikanganiso zvakaoma munzeve dzevanoziva mutauro.
Kunyora neMavanyowo: Kubva paRatin kuenda paNastaliq
Mumwe musiyano mukuru uri pakati peChishona neChiUrdu uri pachinyorwa pachacho (orthography). Mutauro weChishona unoshandisa arufabeti yechiRatin yakafanana neyeChirungu, iyo inonyorwa kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuvadzidzi vakajaira mitauro yekuEurope. Asi mutauro weChiUrdu unonyorwa nekushandisa chinyorwa chinobva kune chechiArabhu nechiPezhiya chinonzi Nastaliq. Chinyorwa ichi chinonyorwa kubva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe.
Kushandurwa kwemagwaro hakusi kungoshandura mazwi chete, asi kunosanganisira kurongwa patsva kwemapeji nemagwaro (layout alignment). Kana uchishandura kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi (Chishona) uchienda kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe (Urdu), mapikicha, matafura, uye mifananidzo zvinofanirwa kupindurwa (mirroring) kuti gwaro reChiUrdu ritaridzike zvakanaka uye kuve nyore kuverenga. Zvakare, kune mazwi eChishona asina mazwi anonyatsoenderana nawo muChiUrdu nekuda kwekuti arufabeti yeNastaliq inoshandisa manzwi akasiyana nemanzwi echiBantu akadai sezvivimbiso nezvinzvovera zvinovenga mimwe mitauro yemuBantu (phonology differences). Vashanduri vanofanira kungwarira pavanenge vachitodza mazita evanhu kana enzvimbo dzemuZimbabwe kuti anyorwe nemavanyowo anonzwika zvakanaka muChiUrdu.
Kutsikisa neTsika: Kuremekedza neTsumo
Kushandura kunobudirira kunoda kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwezvemagariro netsika (cultural transcreation). Munharaunda dzinotaurwa mutauro weChishona, kuremekedza munhu mukuru kunoitwa nekushandisa chiratidzo chekuwanda kwavanhu (plural of respect), sekuvhura mutsara uchishandisa "imi" pane kuti "iwe", kana kuti kushandisa mipanda yevashoma "va-" pane kuti "mu-".
Mutauro weChiUrdu unewo tsika yakafanana yekuremekedza inozivikanwa nekuti "Aadaab" kana "Tehzeeb". Kune nzira nhatu dzekutaura dzinotsanangura ukama hwevanhu: "Tu" (kune vechidiki kana shamwari yepedyo), "Tum" (kune vanhu vakafanana zera kana munzvimbo isina kunyanya kusungwa nehunhu), uye "Aap" (yemuchato wekuremekedza vanhu vakuru kana vanhu vausingazivi). Vashanduri vanobva muchiChishona vanofanira kunyatsoongorora mamiriro akaita taurirano nemunhu ari kutaurwa naye kuti vasarudze pakati pechishandiso "Aap" kana "Tum" kuitira kuti mutauro weChiUrdu usaratidze kusaremekedza.
Pamusoro pezvo, tsumo nemadimikira eChishona haagoni kushandurwa shoko neshoko. Semuyenzaniso, tsumo yeChishona inoti: "Kugarika tange nhamo" inoreva kuti munhu anofanira kutanga ashanda zvakaoma kuti azozorora. Kana ukaishandura shoko neshoko kuenda muChiUrdu, haizowani chirevo chinozivikanwa. Panzvimbo peizvozvo, mushanduri anofanira kutsvaga tsumo yeChiUrdu ine pfungwa yakafanana yakadai seyakati: "صبر کا پھل میٹھا ہوتا ہے" (Chibereko chemoyo murefu chinotapira) kana dzimwe tsumo dzechiUrdu dzinotsanangura kushanda nesimba usati wawana rugare.
Mazano Akakosha Kune Vashanduri
Kuti ukwanise kuita basa rine unyanzvi hwekusimudzira mukushandura kubva muChishona kuenda muChiUrdu, tevera matanho aya anokosha:
- Nzwisisa Mutsetse Wose wepfungwa: Usamhanyire kushandura mutsara neshoko. Verenga ndima yese yeChishona, tsvaga chirevo chechokwadi chirimo, wobva wazvinyora patsva muChiUrdu uchishandisa chimiro chemutsara chakakodzera (SOV).
- Simbisa Kuziva kweMasuffix neMaprefix: Sezvo Chishona chiri mutauro unobatanidza zvikamu zvemazwi (agglutinative), ziva kuti mashoko akareba muChishona akadai sekuti "zvandisingadi" anogona kusanganisira chirevo chose. MuChiUrdu, izvi zvinoda kurongwa kuva mashoko anotsaurana.
- Ongorora Mazwi eChiArabhu nePezhiya muChiUrdu: ChiUrdu chine mazwi akawanda akatorwa kubva kuChiArabhu, ChiPezhiya, neChiTurki. Kushandusa mazwi aya nenzira kwayo kunoita kuti gwaro rako renge nderechokwadi kwete rine mutauro wekugadzira wekumbototora.
- Shandisa Mudziyo yeTekinoroji muKugadzirisa Mapeji: Nekuda kwekupesana kwenzira inotevedzwa pakunyora, shandisa ma-editor anotsigira kunyora kwemativi maviri (Bi-directional text layouts) sema-InDesign kana HTML wrappers anokwanisa kuenzanisa magwaro zvakanaka.
Kushandurwa kwemutauro weChishona kuenda kuChiUrdu chinhu chinoda moyo murefu nekuziva kwakadzama. Kubatanidza mutauro weBantu une mipanda yemazita nemutauro weIndo-Aryan une chirongwa chechikadzi nechirume kunopo vashanduri mukana wekudzidza kudzama kwechimiro nepfungwa dzevanhu munyika mbiri idzi. Nekutevera nhungamiro iyi, vashanduri vanogona kupa vanhu veruzhinji magwaro anonzwika zvakanaka uye anoremekedza mutauro nemagariro eChiUrdu.