Ukuhunyushwa kwemibhalo kusuka olimini lwesiZulu kuya olimini lwesiSotho (Sesotho) kuwumsebenzi odinga ulwazi olujulile lwezilimi zombili kanye namasiko awo ahlobene. Nakuba lezi zilimi zombili ziyiZilimi zomndeni wamaBantu (Bantu languages) futhi zabelana ngezimpande ezifanayo, zingena ngaphansi kwamaqembu ahlukene ngokuphelele wezilimi. IsiZulu singaphansi kweqembu lezilimi zesiNguni, kanti isiSotho singaphansi kweqembu lezilimi zesiSotho-Tswana. Lomehluko weqembu udala izinselelo ezithile ezingafani nezilimi ezisondelene kakhulu, kodwa futhi unikeza amathuba ahlukile kubahumushi abafuna ukwenza umsebenzi osezingeni eliphezulu nelisemthethweni.
Umehluko Wezakhiwo Zohlelo Lolimi Phakathi KwesiZulu NgesiSotho
Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele umhumushi ayiqonde kahle wumehluko ezindleleni zokubhala izilimi zombili. IsiZulu silandela uhlelo lokubhala oluhlanganisayo (conjunctive writing system), lapho izingxenye zomusho ezifana nezivumelwano, izinsizakalo-zenzo, nezivumelwano zikabhajethi zihlanganiswa khona nomsebenzi wesenzo noma webizo ukwakha igama elilodwa elide. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "ngiyakuthanda" lihlanganisa isivumelwano senhloko (ngi-), isikhathi samanje (-ya-), isivumelwano senziwa (-ku-), kanye nomnyombo wesenzo (-thanda). Lokhu kwenza ukuthi umbhalo wesiZulu ubonakale unemisho emifushane kodwa enamagama amade nanothe kakhulu ngolwazi lomoya womusho.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isiSotho silandela uhlelo lokubhala oluhlukanisayo (disjunctive writing system). Kulolu hlelo, izakhi zolimi ezahlukahlukene zibhalwa ngokwehlukana njengamagama azimele. Ngokwesibonelo, inkulumo efanayo ngesiSotho ibhalwa kanje: "ke a o rata" kuye ngolimi lwesigodi lwesibhali nendawo ahlala kuyo. Lapha, isivumelwano senhloko (ke), isikhathi samanje (a), isivumelwano senziwa (o), kanye nesenzo (rata) konke kubhalwa ngokwehlukana okuphelele. Umhumushi kufanele aqaphele lo mehluko wemithetho yokubhala ukuze agweme ukudidisa abafundi noma ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokubhala olungalungile emsebenzini wakhe osemthethweni.
Izigaba Zamabizo Nezivumelwano Semisho
Nakuba zombili izilimi zinezinhlelo zezigaba zamabizo (noun classes) ezifanayo, iziqalo zamabizo nendlela ezivunyelwana ngayo emishweni iyahluka kakhulu ngendlela ehlelekile. EsiZulwini, iziqalo zamabizo zvame ukuba nezinhlamvu ezimbili (double prefixes), lapho uhlamvu lokuqala luyingwaqa-kankulumo (pre-prefix) bese lulandelwa yisivumelwano esivamile, njengokuthi "umuntu" (um-u-ntu) noma "isinkwa" (isi-nkwa). EsiSothweni, iziqalo zamabizo zivame ukuba nohlamvu olulodwa kuphela (single prefixes), njengokuthi "motho" noma "bohobe". Lokhu kudala umehluko omkhulu ekuhlelekeni kwamazwi.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi lapho uhumusha umbhalo kusuka esiZulwini, kufanele uhlaziye kahle isigaba sebizo esiZulwini ukuze uthole esifanele esiSothweni, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi izivumelwano zesenzo nezichasiso ziyahambisana kahle nesigaba sebizo esisha. Ukushintsha isigaba sebizo ngendlela engafanele kungashintsha incazelo yomusho wonke noma kwenze umbhalo ubonakale ungokwemvelo futhi ungemukelekile kubafundi besiSotho abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwebele.
Ukuphimisela Nemisindo Ehlobene Nemisindo Yezihlalo
IsiZulu saziwa kakhulu ngokusebenzisa ongwaqa abanjengezihlalo (clicks) abahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko: c (dental click), q (alveolar click), kanye no-x (lateral click). Le misindo ivamile kakhulu esiZulwini ngenxa yokuthintana kwaso nezilimi zesiKhoisan esikhathini esedlule somlando wethu. EsiSothweni (ikakhulukazi iSesotho sa Borwa esikhulunywa kakhulu eFreistata, eGauteng, naseLesotho), imisindo yezihlalo mincane kakhulu futhi ivame ukutholakala kuphela emagameni ambalwa abolekiwe emabundwini noma ezilimini zesiNguni eziseduzane.
Lapho umhumushi ehumusha amagama aqukethe le misindo noma amagama anjengezithako zosiko, kufanele athole amagama alingana nawo esiSothweni angasebenzisi le misindo, noma achaze umqondo lowo ngendlela ezwakalayo ngesiSotho ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yincazelo yokuqala yombhalo nencazelo yosiko lomlobi wokuqala.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwezisho Nezaga (Idiomatic Expressions)
Izisho nezaga zenza ulimi lube ne-flavour nengqikithi ejulile. Ngenxa yokuthi isiZulu nesiSotho zinesizinda esifanayo samasiko alesi sifunda sase-Afrika esisezansi, kunezaga eziningi ezabelana ngomqondo ofanayo kodwa ezibhalwa ngamagama ahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, isaga sesiZulu esithi "imbila yaswela umsila ngokuyalezela" sisho ukuthi ukungazenzi wezinto wena uqobo kungakulahlekisela. EsiSothweni, kunomqondo ofanayo othi "pela e hloka mohatla ka ho romela". Umhumushi kumele obe neso elibukhali lokungahumushi izaga igama negama kodwa kufanele atshele abafundi izaga zesiSotho eziletha umqondo oqondile.
Izindlela Ezingcono Kakhulu Zokuhumusha IsiZulu NgesiSotho
Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi umhumulo wakho usezingeni eliphezulu futhi unembile, landela lezi zindlela ezilandelayo zomsebenzi:
- Qonda umongo ngokuphelele: Ungahumushi igama negama kuphela. Hlaziya umusho wonke nomongo wawo ukuze uthole incazelo efanele ngesiSotho.
- Sebenzisa izichazamazwi ezifanele nezaziwayo: Sebenzisa izichazamazwi ezikhethekile zesiZulu nesiSotho zombili ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ukhetha igama elinembe kakhulu nesipelingi samanje.
- Hlaziya amasiko: Izilimi zombili zinamasiko acebile kakhulu. Ezinye izisho noma izaga zesiZulu azikho esiSothweni ngendlela efanayo, ngakho kumele ube nesineke sokuthola amagama afanele amasiko endawo.
- Funda umbhalo ohunyushiwe ngokuzwakalayo: Lokhu kusiza ekutholeni ukuthi ngabe umbhalo ugeleza kahle yini futhi ubonakala ungowokuzalwa kulabo abakhuluma ulimi lwesiSotho nsuku zonke.
Izinselelo Ezivamile Kubahumushi Nezisombululo Zazo
Phakathi kwezinselelo ezinkulu kubahumushi kukhona ukusetshenziswa kwamagama abolekiwe emishinini nasezintweni ezintsha zobuchwepheshe besimanje. Lapho isiZulu sisebenzisa amagama abolekiwe esiNgisini noma esiBhunwini afakwe iziqalo zesiZulu (isibonelo: "ikompiyutha" noma "iselula"), isiSotho singase sisebenzise igama elihlukile elisuselwa olimini lwaso (isibonelo: "khomphutha", "sebali", noma "selula"). Umhumushi kumele abe nolwazi lwakamuva lwamagama asetshenziswa ezindabeni zolwazi nobuchwepheshe besimanje ukuze alethe umbhalo oqondakalayo nofanele isikhathi samanje.
Enye inselelo yumehluko wezilimi zezigodi nomlando wokubhalwa kwesiSotho. EsiSothweni kukhona umehluko phakathi kwaleso esikhulunywa futhi esibhalwa eLesotho (lapho kusekhona imithetho ethile yokubhala endala) naleso esikhulunywa eNingizimu Afrika (ikakhulukazi eGauteng noma eFreistata). Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ngubani umfundi ohlosiwe wom text ukuze usebenzise isitayela nesipelingi esifanele sendawo leyo ngaphandle kokudala ukungqubuzana.
Isiphetho Sezeluleko Zokuhumusha Ngempumelelo
Ukuhumusha kusuka esiZulwini kuya esiSothweni kudinga ukuzinikela, ukubekezela, nocwaningo oluqhubekayo ezilimini zombili. Ngokulandela izeluleko ezikulo mhlahlandlela, abahumushi bangakwazi ukukhiqiza imibhalo ecacile, enembile, futhi ehlonipha amasiko nezakhiwo zazo zombili lezi zilimi ezinhle zase-Afrika. Hlala uzijwayeza ukubhala nokufunda izincwadi zazo zombili izilimi ukuze uthuthukise ikhono lakho nsuku zonke futhi ulethe imiphumela emihle kakhulu emsebenzini wakho.