Ko te whakawhiti reo i waenga i te reo Māori me te reo Kemea (te reo Khmer o Kambōtia) he mahi whakaharahara e whakaatu ana i te hononga o ngā ahurea e rua ahakoa te matara o ngā whenua taketake. Mō te kaiwhakawhiti reo, ehara tēnei i te mahi whakawhiti kupu noa iho; he hanga arawhata kē i waenga i te kāhui reo Ahitonīhia (Austronesian) me te kāhui reo Ahatoahiatika (Austroasiatic). He rerekē rawa te wetereo, te raupapatanga o ngā kupu, te pānga o te ahurea wairua, me te āhua o te hononga o te reo ki te hunga whakarongo. Mā tēnei aratohu hōhonu e whakamārama ngā āhuatanga matua, ngā wero wetereo, me ngā tūtohu whaihua hei āwhina i ngā mātanga whakawhiti reo ki te whakatutuki i tēnei mahi nui me te kore e ngaro te mana o te kōrero taketake.
Te Hanganga o te Rerenga Kōrero: Mai i te VSO ki te SVO
Ko tētahi o ngā rerekētanga matua rawa atu i waenga i te reo Māori me te reo Kemea ko te raupapatanga o ngā kupu i roto i te rerenga kōrero. Ko te reo Māori he reo VSO (Verb-Subject-Object), e tohu ana ka tīmata te rerenga kōrero ki te kupu mahi (he pūtohu wā rānei me te kupu mahi), ka whai i te tāhū (tangata/mea rānei), katahi ka whai i te mea e pāngia ana e te mahi. Hei tauira, ina kī ana te tangata, "Kei te kai te tamaiti i te aporo," kei te tīmatanga te mahi "kei te kai", whai muri ko te tāhū "te tamaiti", a, ko te whakamutunga ko te mea "te aporo".
Waihoki, ko te reo Kemea he reo SVO (Subject-Verb-Object), he rite tonu te hanganga wetereo ki tō te reo Ingarihi. Tikanga, ka tīmata te rerenga kōrero ki te tāhū, whai muri ko te kupu mahi, a, ko te whakamutunga ko the mea e pāngia ana e taua mahi. Ki te whakawhitihia taua rerenga kōrero Māori ki te reo Kemea, me huri rawa te hanganga: ko te tangata ki mua, te mahi ki waenganui, te aporo ki muri. Ki te kore tēnei huringa e mahia e te kaiwhakawhiti reo, kāore rawa e mārama te tangata pānui o Cambodia, ā, ka kiia te tuhinga he mea paruparu, he mea rerekē rānei ki tō rātou taringa.
Rerenga Hāngū me te Rerenga active: Te Wero o te Hāngū i roto i te Reo Māori
He mea tino nui te hāngū (passive voice) i roto i te reo Māori. He maha ngā wā koinei te huarahi matua e kōrero ai te Māori hei whakaatu i te hiranga o te mahi, o te mea rānei e pāngia ana e te mahi. Penei i te kōrero "I patua te kurī e te tangata" (The dog was hit by the man). Ko tēnei momo hanganga he mea māori, he mea hōhonu hoki ki te reo Māori hei pupuri i te reo rangatira o te marae me ngā tuhinga ōkiha.
Engari, mō te reo Kemea, he whakahē kē. Kāore te reo Kemea i te whakamahi pinepine i te hāngū i roto i ngā kōrero o ia rā. Ina whakamahia ai te hanganga hāngū (mā te kupu pūtohu 'trauv'), ko te nuinga o te wā he whakaatu i tētahi mahi kino, tētahi aitua rānei kua pā ki te tangata (hei tauira, te whara, te mate, te whiu rānei). Nā reira, ki te whakawhitingia te nuinga o ngā rerenga hāngū o te reo Māori ki te reo Kemea mā te hanganga hāngū, ka hangaia he aronga kino kāore i te hiahiatia e te kaipupuri kōrero. Me matua huri e te kaiwhakawhiti ngā rerenga hāngū o te reo Māori ki te hanganga active (whai mana) i roto i te reo Kemea kia mau tonu te wairua pai me te aronga tika o te tuhinga taketake.
Kia maumahara: Ko te whakawhiti reo ehara i te mea ko te whakawhiti kupu noa iho, engari ko te whakawhiti i te mana, te hau, me te wairua o te korero taketake ki tetahi atu ao.
Te Whakawhiti i ngā Kupu Tāonga: Mana, Tapu, me te Mauri
Ko te whakawhiti ahurea te uho o te whakawhiti reo. E mōhiotia ana ko te reo Māori he reo e kī ana i ngā kupu tāonga he hōhonu te ahurea wairua, kāore e taea te whakawhiti tika mā te kupu kotahi ki ngā reo kē o te ao. Ko ngā kupu penei i te 'mana', 'tapu', 'mauri', 'whakapapa', me te 'kaitiakitanga' e hiahia ana ki te matapaki hōhonu me te whakamārama i roto i te reo Kemea.
- Mana: Ka taea te whakataurite ki te kupu Kemea 'Baramei' (mana wairua, mana tūpuna rānei), engari kāore i te tino kapi katoa ngā āhuatanga o te mana Māori penei i te mana motuhake me te mana whenua. Me whakamahi te kaiwhakawhiti i te horopaki hei tohu mena ko te mana whakapapa, ko te mana tangata rānei te kōrero.
- Tapu: I roto i te reo Kemea, ka taea te whakamahi i te kupu 'Sak-sit' (tapu, whai mana wairua) rānei ko te 'Keng-klem' hei whakaatu i te āhua o tētahi mea e kore e taea te pā noa. Heoi, me tupato kei honoa rawatia tēnei ki ngā ritenga whakapono motuhake o te ao Buddhism e rerekē ana i to te ao Māori.
- Whakapapa: Ko te pūtakenga mai o te tangata me tana hononga ki te whenua. I te reo Kemea, ko te kupu 'Vong-ko-kol' (tātai tūpuna) te mea tata, engari kāore e kapi te hononga o te whakapapa ki te taiao (ki ngā maunga, ki ngā awa) e pūmau ana ki te ao Māori.
- Kaitiakitanga: Ka taea te whakawhiti mā te whakamahi i ngā kupu Kemea e tohu ana i te tiaki (penei i te 'Kar-kpear' me te 'Therks-sa') engari me taapiri atu he kupu whakamārama hei whakaatu i te hononga wairua ki te taiao.
Ko te Pūnaha Tūpou me ngā Rehita Whakahonore (Honorifics)
He pūnaha tūpou tino ataahua to te reo Māori. Kei reira te takitahi, te takirua, me te takitini, ā, e wehewehe ana hoki i te 'tātou' (hungarongo me te kaipupuri kōrero) me te 'mātou' (kaipupuri kōrero me ētahi atu engari kāore te hungarongo). He āhuatanga tēnei e whakakaha ana i te whanaungatanga i waenga i te kaituku kōrero me te kaiwhiwhi. I te ao Kemea, kāore he wehewehenga wetereo mō te inclusive/exclusive (tātou/mātou), engari kei te reo Kemea tētahi pūnaha rehita reo tino matatini e ai ki te tuunga o te tangata i roto i te hapori.
He kupu tūpou rerekē, he kupu mahi rerekē mō te kōrero ki te Kingi (Royal language), ki ngā Tohunga Buddhism (Monk language), ki te hunga pakeke, ki te rangatira o te wāhi mahi, me o hoa piripono. Ki te whakawhitihia te reo Māori ki te reo Kemea, me mātua mōhio te kaiwhakawhiti ki te horopaki hapori o te kōrero. Ko wai te tangata e kōrero ana, ā, ko wai te tangata e pānui ana? Mā tēnei e kōwhiri ai i te rehita reo Kemea e tika ana kia kaua e mahi whakaiti i te tangata pānui, kia mau tonu ai te whakaute e tika ana mō ia taumata o te hapori.
He Tohutohu Whaihua mō te Kaiwhakawhiti Reo
Mō ngā mātanga e mahi ana i te whakawhiti reo mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Kemea, he mea nui te whai i enei tohutohu matua hei piki ake te kounga o te mahi:
- Mārama ki te Whāinga Matua: Kaua e whakawhiti kupu noa. Arotahi ki te whakawhiti i te mana me te wairua o te kōrero. Pānuihia te tuhinga katoa i te tīmatanga kia mārama ai te wairua o te tuhinga me tōna aronga matua.
- Mahi Ngātahi me ngā Mātanga Reo: He huarahi pai te mahi ngātahi. Me matua mahi tahi te matanga reo Māori me te matanga reo Kemea hei arotake i te tuhinga whakamutunga, kia kore ai e puta he pohehe.
- Arotahi ki te Wetereo Tātari (Isolating): Kia mahara, he reo tātari te reo Kemea, kāore he kupu tohu wā penei i to te reo Māori i roto i te kupumahi ake. Me whakamahi i ngā kupu tohu wā motuhake (penei i te 'ban' mō te wā kua pahemo, te 'kom-poung' mō te wā ināianei) hei whakarite i te wā tika o te mahi.
- Whakamahia he Papakupu Matua (Glossary): Waihangahia he papakupu poto mō ngā kupu ahurea o te ao Māori me o rātou rite i te reo Kemea hei whakarite i te riterite o te tuhinga puta noa.
Te Whakamutunga o te Whakawhiti
Ko te whakawhiti reo mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Kemea he huarahi whakawhiti i waenga i ngā ao e rua. Mā te whakamahi i ngā wetereo tika, te whakaute i ngā tikanga ahurea, me te mahi tahi me ngā mātanga, ka taea te hanga i tētahi tuhinga e kore e noho noa hei whakamaoritanga, engari hei arawhata pono e hono ana i te ao Māori me te ao Kemea mō ngā reanga kei te heke mai. Otiia, ko te mahi a te kaiwhakawhiti reo he kaitiaki i te wairua o te korero.