Tanthauzirani Chishona ku Chikroatia - Womasulira waulere pa intaneti ndi galamala yolondola | FrancoTranslate

Kushandura mutauro wechiShona kuenda kuMutauro wechiKroashia (Croatian) ibasa rinoda unyanzvi hwepamusoro, kunzwisisa kwakadzama, uye ruzivo rwezvegirama netsika dzedunhu rega rega. Mitauro iyi yakabva kumhuri dzakasiyana zvachose: ChiShona mutauro weBantu unotaurwa muZimbabwe nedunhu rekuChamhembe kweAfrica, ukuwo chiKroashia uri mutauro weSlavic unotaurwa kuCentral neSoutheast Europe. Kusiyana kwezvimiro zvemitauro iyi kunoreva kuti shanduro yezwi nezwi haikwanise kushanda zvakanaka. Gwaro rino rakagadzirirwa kutsanangura maitiro, matambudziko anoonekwa, uye kupa mazano anobatsira pakushandura zvinobudirira kubva muchiShona kuenda muchiKroashia.

1. Girama uye Kugarisana kweMazwi: Mapoka eMazita neMakeshi

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakanyanya kuomesa basa rekushandura pakati pemitauro iyi miviri marongerwo emashoko maererano nezvivakashure nemagumo emazwi. MuchiShona, zviperengo nezvibvumirano zvemitsara zvinodzorwa nemapoka emazita (noun classes). ChiShona chine mapoka anopfuura gumi nemasere, apo zvivakashure zvakaita se mu-, va-, chi-, ne zvi- zvinoratidza kana shoko riri remunhu, rechinhu, rekuwanda, kana reruremekedzo. Izvi zvinoda kuti mududziri anyatsoziva mapoka aya kuitira kuti agadzire chibvumirano chakakodzera muchiShona.

Kune rumwe rutivi, chiKroashia hachina mapoka emazita akaita seekuAfrica, asi chinoshandisa keshi (cases/padeži) dzinotora marongerwo emagumo emazwi zvichienderana nebasa raanoita mumutsara. ChiKroashia chine keshi nomwe dzakasiyana:

• Nominative: inoshandiswa kuratidza musoro wenyaya (subject).
• Genitive: inoratidza muridzi wechinhu kana chikamu chechinhu.
• Dative: inoratidza kwakanangwa chiito (indirect object).
• Accusative: inoratidza chaitirwa chiito zvakananga (direct object).
• Vocative: inoshandiswa pakushevedza kana kutaura nemunhu zvakananga.
• Locative: inoratidza nzvimbo apo chinhu chiri kana kuitikira.
• Instrumental: inoratidza mudziyo washandiswa kuita chiito kana kufambidzana.

Mududziri anofanira kunyatsoongorora zvakadzama mitsara yechiShona kuitira kuti ashandure zvivakashure zvakaita se pa-, ku-, ne mu- (izvo zvinoratidza nzvimbo) kuenda kuLocative kana kune dzimwe keshi dzakakodzera muchiKroashia, pamwe nekushandisa madimikira (prepositions) akakodzera muKroashia se na, u, kana kod.

2. Chimiro cheMutsara neKurongeka kweMashoko (Syntax)

Kazhinji, mutauro wechiShona unotevera marongerwo eSVO (Subject-Verb-Object). Semuenzaniso: "Mukomana (S) akaverenga (V) bhuku (O)". Kunyange zvazvo chiKroashia chichinyanya kushandisa marongerwo aya, chinobvumidzawo kurongeka kwemashoko kwakasununguka (free word order) nekuti keshi dziri pamazita dzinenge dzakatoratidza kare kuti ndiani aita chiito uye chaitirwa chii. Muenzaniso wechiKroashia unoti: "Dječak je pročitao knjigu" (Mukomana akaverenga bhuku), asi mududziri anogona kushandura marongerwo kuita "Knjigu je pročitao dječak" pasina kurasikirwa nezvinoreva mutsara. Izvi zvinoita kuti shanduro yechiKroashia itapire uye ienderane nenzira inotaurwa nevanhu veko.

3. Kududzira Tsika neMweya weMutauro (Idioms and Cultural Adaptation)

Kushandura hakusi kungotsinhanisa mazwi kubva pane rimwe duramazwi kuenda kune rimwe; ikushandura tsika. ChiShona chakapfuma kwazvo netsumo nemadimikira ayo anotsanangura mararamiro, chitendero, uye huchenjeri hwevanhu vemuZimbabwe. Kana mududziri akaedza kushandura tsumo muchimiro chayo chenyama, shanduro yacho inorasikirwa nemhedzisiro yayo.

• Muenzaniso wekutanga: Tsumo inoti "Chara chimwe hachitswanyi inda". Kana ikashandurwa nenzira yeizwi neizwi muchiKroashia kuita "Jedan prst ne gnječi uš", zvinogona kunzwika sezvisinganzwisisike. Mududziri anofanira kutsvaga tsumo yechiKroashia yakafanana yakadai sekuti "Zajedno smo jači" (Tiri vakasimba pamwe chete) kana "Više glava, više pameti".
• Muenzaniso wechipiri: Kuremekedza muShona kunoratidzwa nekushandisa kuwanda (pluralization) kunyange kumunhu mumwe chete, sekuti "Muri sei?" pachinzvimbo chekuti "Uri sei?". ChiKroashia chinoshandisawo nzira yakafanana yekuremekedza inonzi "Vikanje", apo mududziri anoshandisa chisazitasingasi chekuwanda chvachinzi "Vi" pachinzvimbo chekuti "ti" (uri).

4. Aspect yezviito (Verbal Aspects)

Imwe yenhanho dzinonetsa vanoshandura zviito muchiKroashia indaya yeverbal aspect. MuchiKroashia, zviito zvakakamurwa kuita zvisina kupedzwa (imperfective/nesvršeni) nezvakapedzwa (perfective/svršeni). Izvi zvakasiyana nechiShona uko tinoratidza nguva nezviratidzi zvakaita se -cha-, -aka-, -sa-, nezvimwe. Mududziri anofanira kunyatsoongorora kana chiito chiri kutaurwa muchiShona chaiva chekugara kuitika (imperfective muKroashia) kana kuti chaiva chiito chakaitika kamwe chete ndokupera (perfective muKroashia) kuti ashandure nemazvo.

5. Mazano Akakosha kuVanoshandura

Koti uve nemhedzisiro inoyevedza pakushandura pakati pemitauro miviri iyi, tevedzera mazano anotevera:

1. Nzwisisa Shoko muChirevo Chayo: Usakurumidze kushandura usina kunzwisisa chikonzero nei shoko iro rakashandiswa. Kazhinji, shoko rimwe chete remuchishona rinogona kuva nemazana emashoko anoritsanangura muKroashia zvichienderana nedunhu riri kutaurwa.
2. Kushandiswa kweMidziyo yeTekinoroji (CAT Tools): Mashandisiro emadhizaini akadai seSDL Trados kana Memsource anogona kubatsira kuchengetedza kuenderana kwemashoko (consistency) mumagwaro akakura, kunyange zvazvo mududziri achifanira kuramba akangwarira nekuda kwekusiyana kwegirama.
3. Bvunza Nyanzvi dzeMitauro Miviri: Zvakakosha kuti shanduro yekupedzisira iongororwe nemunhu anotaura chiKroashia semutauro wake wemubereki (native speaker) kuitira kuona kuti mitsara iri kuyerera zvakanaka.
4. Gadzira Glossaries: Nekuda kwekuti hapana maduramazwi akazara akananga kubva kuChiShona kuenda kuChiKroashia, mududziri anofanira kuzvigadzirira runyorwa rwemashoko akakosha anowanzoshandiswa (glossary) achishandisa mitauro yakaita seChirungu sedambanemavhiri.

Kutevedzera nhungamiro idzi kunoita kuti basa rako rekuendesa mashoko kubva kuvanhu veZimbabwe kuenda kuvanhu vekuCroatia rive rinoshamisa, rinobata mwoyo, uye rakanyatsorurama munzira dzose dzesainzi nemitauro.