Ukuhunyushwa kwemibhalo kusuka ngesiZulu, okuwulimi lwesintu olusebenzisa kakhulu izivumelwano nezingaba zamabizo (noun classes), kuya ngesiKazakh, ulimi lomndeni wakwaTurkic olubhalwa kakhulu ngohlamvu lweCyrillic okwamanje, kuyinkambo enzima edinga ukuqonda okujulile kolimi, isiko, nemithetho yolimi. Lo mhlahlandlela ohlose ukuhlinzeka abahumushi ngezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokubhekana nalezi zinselele, kucaciswa izakhi zolimi, amathiphu abalulekile, nemininingwane edingekayo ukuze umphumela ube osezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu emakethe yomhlaba jikelele.
Umehluko Wezakhi Zolimi Nomisho (SVO vs SOV)
Enye yezinselele ezinkulu lapho uhumusha kusuka ngesiZulu uya ngesiKazakh yindlela imisho ehlelwe ngayo. Ulimi lwesiZulu lulandela isakhiwo se-SVO (Subject-Verb-Object), lapho isenzo siza ngemuva komenzi bese kulandela okwenziwayo. Ngokwesibonelo, emshweni othi "Umfana ufunda incwadi", 'umfana' ungumenzi (Subject), 'ufunda' yisenzo (Verb), kanti 'incwadi' iyikho okwenziwayo (Object). Lokhu kwenza ukuhamba kolwazi kube lula futhi kuqonde ngqo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isiKazakh lulimi olusebenzisa isakhiwo se-SOV (Subject-Object-Verb). Lokhu kusho ukuthi isenzo sihlala siza ekugcineni komusho. Uma sihumusha lowo msho ongenhla uya ngesiKazakh, isakhiwo sizoshintsha sibe "Umfana incwadi ufunda" (ngesiKazakh: "Бала кітап оқиды"). Lolu shintsho ludinga ukuthi umhumushi ahlakulele ikhono lokuguqula imiqondo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa incazelo yokuqala. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungahumushi izwi nezwi, kodwa uhumushe umqondo ogcwele womusho ukuze uvumelane nemithetho yolimi lwesiKazakh futhi uvimbele ukudideka komfundi.
Uhlelo Lwezivumelwano Namabizo: Izijobelelo Nokuphimisela
IsiZulu saziwa kakhulu ngohlelo lwaso lwezingaba zamabizo nezivumelwano ezixhuma ibizo nesenzo, isiphawulo, noma isivumelwano sokubiza. Lokhu kwenza isiZulu sibe lulimi olucebile olubonisa ubudlelwano bezinto emshweni ngokusebenzisa iziqalo (prefixes). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isiKazakh silulimi lwe-agglutinative olusebenzisa kakhulu izijobelelo (suffixes) ukukhombisa ubudlelwane bezinto, amacala amabizo (cases), kanye nobunikazi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi esikhundleni sezimpawu zesiZulu eziza ngaphambili, isiKazakh sifaka izakhi ngemuva kwegama.
Lapho uhumusha, kufanele uqonde ukuthi isiqalo sesiZulu singase sidinge ukuguqulelwa sibe yisijobelelo esithile ngesiKazakh. IsiKazakh sinezimo zamacala amabizo eziyisikhombisa ezilawula ukuthi ibizo lihlangana kanjani nezinye izingxenye zomisho. Ukuqonda kahle la macala (afana ne-Genitive, Dative, Accusative, nalawo akhombisa indawo noma insimbi) kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze ukwazi ukwakha imisho ezwakalayo ney ukuthi ilungele umfundi waseKazakhstan ngendlela efanele.
Ingqikithi Yezamasiko Nomongo Wayo
Izilimi zombili zinemvelaphi ehluke kakhulu yamasiko. IsiZulu sinezimpande ezijulile emasikweni ase-Afrika eseningizimu, lapho izaga, iziphawulo, nemigomo ye-Ubuntu inendima enkulu ekuxhumaneni kwabantu. IsiKazakh, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinomlando ocebile ohlobene nempilo yobuzulane (nomadic lifestyle), amasiko ase-Asia Ephakathi, kanye nethonya lenkolo yamaSulumane namasiko aseRussia eminyakeni edlule.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuhumusha ngokuqondile kungenza ukuthi eminye imiqondo ilahlekelwe yisisindo sayo. Isibonelo, izisho ezithinta imfuyo (ikakhulukazi izinkomo) noma ubudlelwano bomndeni ngesiZulu zingase zidinge ukuthi zishintshwe zibe yizisho ezihambisana namasiko aseKazakhstan ahlobene namahhashi noma izinkundla ezivulekile (steppes). Umhumushi kumele abe nekhono lokuhumusha ngokomongo nesiko (transcreation) kunokuhumusha imibhalo kuphela ukuze umphumela uhlonipheke kumasiko womabili.
Izinhlamvu Nokusetshenziswa Kwemibhalo (Alphabets and Orthography)
IsiZulu sibhalwa ngohlamvu lwesiLatini olujwayelekile olusetshenziswa emhlabeni jikelele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isiKazakh njengamanje sibhalwa kakhulu ngohlamvu lweCyrillic olufaka phakathi izinhlamvu ezikhethekile zomsindo wesiKazakh, nakuba kukhona uhlelo lukahulumeni lokushintshela ohlamvwini lwesiLatini kancane kancane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abahumushi badinga ukuba ngongoti bokusebenzisa ikhibhodi yesiKazakh nokuqonda kahle uhlelo lokubhalwa kwalesi silimi ukuze bagweme amaphutha okubhala.
Ukuguqulelwa kwamagama afanelekile (transliteration of proper nouns) njengamagama abantu noma ezindawo kusuka ngesiZulu kudinga ukunaka okukhulu. Kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi umsindo uzwakala ngendlela efanele ngesiKazakh ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa imvelaphi yegama lokuqala. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi umhumushi abe nolwazi lwemithetho yokubhalwa kwamagama kwamanye amazwe ngesiKazakh.
Amathiphu Abalulekile Okuhumusha Okusebenzayo
- Qonda umongo womusho ogcwele: Ungalinge uqale ukuhumusha umusho ungakawuqedi ukufunda wonke. Umongo wesiZulu uvame ukudalulwa isenzo ekuqaleni, kanti ngesiKazakh kumele uhlele kabusha lonke ulwazi ukuze isenzo sibe sekugcineni komusho.
- Sebenzisa izichazamazwi ezikhethekile nezisetshenziswa kabili: Ngenxa yokuthi akukho zichazamazwi eziningi eziqondile phakathi kwesiZulu nesiKazakh, kuvame ukuthi kusetshenziswe ulimi lwesibili (olufana nesiNgisi) njengesixhumi. Qinisekisa ukuthi uqinisekisa imiqondo ngazo zombili izindlela ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa yincazelo.
- Naka amazinga okuhlonipha (Politeness Levels): IsiKazakh sinezindlela ezihlukile zokubiza abantu kuye ngokuthi usebancane noma usebadala (isibonelo, ukusebenzisa "Sen" okungahlelekile noma "Siz" okuhlelekile). Lokhu kufanele kuhambisane nezindlela zokuhlonipha zesiZulu ezifana nokusebenzisa iziqu zokuhlonipha noma ukuhlonipha abadala.
- Buyekeza umsebenzi wakho ngezikhathi eziningi: Lapho usuqedile ukuhumusha, kufanele umsebenzi ubuyekezwe ngomunye umuntu okhuluma isiKazakh njengolimi lwakhe lwebele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imisho ihamba kahle futhi izwakala ngokwemvelo kubafundi bendawo.
Izinsiza Zobuchwepheshe Nemishini (CAT Tools)
Emhlabeni wanamuhla wemisebenzi yokuhumusha, abahumushi abasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bathola imiphumela engcono kakhulu. Ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ezifana ne-SDL Trados, memoQ, noma i-Phrase kusiza kakhulu ekugcineni ukungaguquguquki kwamagama (terminology consistency). Ukwakha imininingwane yamagama (termbases) phakathi kwesiZulu nesiKazakh kuzosiza ukonga isikhathi nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yemibhalo ezayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufunda nokulandela izincwadi zemihlahlandlela yolimi lwesiKazakh (Kazakh style guides) kanye nokulandela izitayela zesimanje zokubhala kubalulekile ukuze umbhalo ube sezingeni elifanele. Ukuhlanganisa la mathuluzi nolwazi olunzulu lwesiko kuzokwenza umsebenzi wakho wokuhumusha uphumelele, ube ngosezingeni lomhlaba, futhi uhehe abafundi ngokugcwele.