Guhindura inyandiko cyangwa imvugo kuva mu rurimi rw'Ikinyarwanda ujyana mu Gikatalani (Catalan) ni inzira isaba ubumenyi bwimbitse bw'indimi zombi ndetse n'umuco w'abazirivuga. Ikinyarwanda ni ururimi rwo mu muryango w'indimi z'Ikibantu (Bantu languages) runabarizwa muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, mu gihe Igikatalani ari ururimi rukomoka ku Kilatini (Romance language) ruvugwa cyane mu burasirazuba bwa Espagne (cyane cyane muri Catalogne), muri Andorre, no mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'u Bufaransa n'Ubutaliyani. Izi ndimi zombi zifite imiterere itandukanye cyane y'ikibonezamvugo, inyito z'amagambo, n'imico, bityo rero ubuhinduzi bukeneye ubwitonzi n'ubuhanga buhanitse.
1. Imiterere y'Indimi n'Ikibonezamvugo
Imwe mu nkingi za mbere zigize ubuhinduzi bw'umwuga hagati y'Ikinyarwanda n'Igikatalani ni ukugereranya imiterere y'ikibonezamvugo. Ikinyarwanda ni ururimi rwungikanya (agglutinative language), aho amagambo aremwa hifashishijwe uduce (affixes) twomekwa ku gitsi cy'ijambo (root). Muri iri hungabana ry'amagambo, intege z'inshinga zishobora kubamo uturemajambo twerekana inteko y'izina, igihe cy'igikorwa, n'icyerekezo cyacyo.
Ku rundi kuhande, Igikatalani ni ururimi rwahindutse ku Kilatini (flectional language), aho amagambo ahinduka bitewe n'umubare (singular/plural) n'igitsina cy'izina (masculine/feminine). Mu Gikatalani, ntaho dufite ibiti by'amazina (noun classes) nk'uko bimeze mu Kinyarwanda aho dufite inteko z'amazina zitandukanye (kuva ku nteko ya 1 kugeza ku ya 20). Umuhinduzi agomba kumenya uko yahuza inteko z'amazina y'Ikinyarwanda n'igitsina cy'amazina mu Gikatalani. Amazina yose mu Gikatalani agabanywa mu bice bibiri gusa: ay'igitsina-gabo (masculin) n'ay'igitsina-gore (femení), kandi ibi bigena uko ibiromeso (articles) n'inyongerazina (adjectives) bihura na yo (urugero: 'el llibre nou' cyangwa 'la taula nova').
2. Interuro n'Inshinga muri Zombi
Nubwo zombi zikoresha imiterere y'interuro ya SVO (Subject-Verb-Object) nk'ishingiro, uburyo amagambo yomekwa n'uko inshinga zitondagurwa biratandukanye cyane:
- Inshinga mu Kinyarwanda: Inshinga imwe y'Ikinyarwanda ishobora kumvikana nk'interuro yose mu Gikatalani kubera uduce tuyigize. Twabona urugero nka "Nyakubahwa azayibagezaho" ihinduka mu Gikatalani nka "El senyor els la lliurarà". Muri uru rugero, mu Kinyarwanda inshinga yonyine ifite uturemajambo twerekana ukora, igikorwa, n'icyerekezo, mu gihe mu Gikatalani bisaba amagambo atandukanye ashingiye ku nshinga n'ibinyazina (pronouns).
- Gutondagura Inshinga (Verb Conjugation): Igikatalani gifite gahunda ikomeye cyane yo gutondagura inshinga ishingiye ku bihe (tenses) n'uburyo (moods) nk'ikinyabupfura (subjunctive), icyifuzo (conditional), n'amateka (indicative). Umuhinduzi agomba gusobanukirwa niba igihe cyakoreshejwe mu Kinyarwanda cyasobanurwa neza hifashishijwe "passat simple" cyangwa "passat perifràstic" mu Gikatalani, kuko byose bigena umwimerere w'inyandiko ihindurwa.
- Ibinyazina by'Insimburajina (Pronoms Febles): Ibi binyazina bikoreshwa cyane mu Gikatalani kugira ngo birinde gusubiramo amagambo yavuze mbere (urugero: 'li ho dono' - ndabimuha). Mu Kinyarwanda, ibi bikorwa n'akajambo k'insimburajina kaza imbere y'inshinga (urugero: -ya-, -ki-, -mu-). Umuhinduzi w'umwuga agomba kumenya uko yubaka interuro mu Gikatalani yifashishije ibi binyazina mu buryo bukwiriye kandi bwumvikana neza.
3. Umuco n'Imvugo z'Ikigereranyo (Cultural Transcreation)
Ubuhinduzi bwiza ntibugarukira ku guhindura amagambo gusa ahubwo buhindura n'umuco. Ikinyarwanda gikungahaye ku mvugo z'imigani, ibisingizo, n'imvugo z'ikinyabupfura zishingiye ku muco w'ubworozi bw'inka n'ubuhinzi. Imvugo nka "Amashyo!" cyangwa "Urakama" zifite ibisobanuro byimbitse by'imigisha mu muco nyarwanda, ariko iyo uzihinduye nk'uko zanditse mu Gikatalani (nka "Que tinguis molts ramats de vaques"), bishobora gutera urujijo cyangwa ntibyumvikane neza mu buryo bw'umuco w'Abakatalani.
Mu rwego rwo gukora transcreation (guhindura uhuza n'umuco w'aho inyandiko igenda), umuhinduzi agomba gushaka imvugo ihuye n'iyo mu Gikatalani. Urugero, aho gukoresha imvugo ishingiye ku nka, umuhinduzi ashobora gukoresha imvugo ikoreshwa cyane mu Gikatalani yo kwifuriza umuntu amahirwe n'imigisha nka "Que tinguis molta sort" cyangwa "Salud i feina", hashingiwe ku cyo inyandiko y'umwimerere yashakaga kuvuga mu buryo bw'imibanire.
4. Inyito z'Ikinyabupfura n'Imyuga
Mu Kinyarwanda, ikinyabupfura kigaragarira mu nshinga zikoreshwa n'amagambo nk'icyubahiro (urugero: gukoresha inteko y'ubwinshi nko kubwira umuntu umwe uti "Murakoze" aho kuvuga "Urakoze"). Mu Gikatalani, na ho habaho uburyo bwo kwerekana icyubahiro hifashishijwe ikinyazina "vostè" (muri make) cyangwa "vosaltres" mu buryo bw'umwihariko. Kumenya guhuza ibi byiciro by'ikinyabupfura hagati y'indimi zombi bifasha inyandiko ihinduwe kugira ijwi n'isura bihwanye n'iy'umwimerere, cyane cyane mu nyandiko z'ubuyobozi, amategeko, cyangwa iz'ubucuruzi.
5. Inama Z'ingirakamaro ku Bahinduzi b'Imyuga
Niba ushaka gukora ubuhinduzi butagira amakosa kandi bwumvikana neza ku basomyi b'Abakatalani, dore zimwe mu nama ngenderwaho ugomba gukurikiza:
- Koresha Inkoranyamagambo z'Imyuga: Kubera ko nta nkoranyamagambo nini cyane zizwi zihuza Ikinyarwanda n'Igikatalani toka ku yindi, inama ni ugukoresha indimi zo hagati (pivot languages) nk'Igifaransa cyangwa Icyongereza. Urashobora guhindura Ikinyarwanda ukoresheje inkoranyamagambo y'Igifaransa (kuko gifite imiterere isa n'Igikatalani), hanyuma ukayihuza n'Igikatalani (koresha inkoranyamagambo nk'iya *Diccionari de la llengua catalana* ya IEC).
- Soma Inyandiko Zanditswe n'Abavuga Ururimi: Kugira ngo umenye neza imvugo zigezweho mu Gikatalani, soma amakuru, ibitabo, n'inyandiko zanditswe n'Abakatalani kavukire. Ibi bizagufasha kwirinda ubuhinduzi bukoze nka robots (machine translation) burangwa no guhindura ijambo ku rindi bititaye ku muterekerero w'interuro.
- Tegura Ikarita y'Amagambo (Glossary): Mu gutangira umushinga w'ubuhinduzi, kora urutonde rw'amagambo akoreshwa cyane n'ibisobanuro byayo mu Gikatalani. Ibi bituma uhorana ubumwe n'umwimerere (consistency) mu nyandiko yose cyangwa mu mishinga itandukanye ukora.
- Subiramo Inyandiko (Proofreading): Buri gihe nyuma yo guhindura, banza ufate akaruhuko hanyuma usome inyandiko yawe urebeye mu maso y'Umusomyi w'Umukatalani. Niba bishoboka, egeranya inyandiko yawe n'umuhinduzi kavukire w'Igikatalani kugira ngo agufashe gutunganya aho imvugo itanoga neza.
6. Isoko n'Ejo hazaza h'Ubuhinduzi bw'Ikinyarwanda n'Igikatalani
Mu isi y'ikoranabuhanga n'ubuhahirane, ubuhinduzi hagati y'indimi nka Kinyarwanda n'Igikatalani buragenda bukenerwa cyane mu nzego zitandukanye z'ubushakashatsi, ubutwererane bw'imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta (NGOs), ndetse n'ubukerarugendo. Gushora imbaraga mu kwiga no gusobanukirwa izi ndimi zombi bitanga amahirwe menshi yo gukora akazi k'ubuhinduzi bw'indashyikirwa. Binyuze mu gukurikiza amategeko y'ikibonezamvugo, kwitondera imico y'indimi zombi, no gukoresha uburyo bugezweho bwo gusuzuma ubwiranire bw'amagambo, abahinduzi bashobora kubaka ibiraro bikomeye bihuza u Rwanda na Catalogne.