Ko te whakawhiti reo mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Nōwei (Norwegian) he haerenga tūhonohono i ngā ao e rua e tawhiti ana te whakapapa, te ao tuhi, me te taiao o te ao tūroa. Ko te reo Māori, he reo taketake nō ngā whenua mahana o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, he taonga nō te whānau reo Ahitonihia (Austronesian). I tētahi taha, ko te reo Nōwei, he reo nō ngā whenua makariri, ngā fjord me ngā maunga nunui o Te Uru o Ūropi, he reo nō te whānau reo Ingo-Ūropiana (Indo-European). He mea motuhake tēnei mahi, no te mea kāhore i te maha ngā whakawhitinga tika i waenga i enei reo e rua; i te nuinga o te wā, ka whakamahia te reo Pākehā hei reo takawaenga. Engari, mā te mārama ki ngā tino wetereo me ngā tikanga o ngā reo e rua, ka taea te hanga i tētahi hononga tika me te mau tonu o te mana o te tuhinga taketake.
Ngā Rerekētanga o te Hanganga Wetereo: VSO me te SVO
Ko tētahi o ngā tino wero mō te kaiwhakawhiti reo ko te rerekētanga o te whakatakotoranga kupu i roto i te rerenga kōrero. I roto i te reo Māori, ko te pūnaha matua ko te VSO (Verb-Subject-Object). Hei tauira, ka kī tātou: "Kei te kai te tamaiti i te aporo". Ko te tūmahi (kai) te mea tuatahi, ka whai mai te tūpāpaku/tangata e mahi ana (tamaiti), kātahi te mea e mahia ana (aporo).
Heoi, i te reo Nōwei, ko te pūnaha matua ko te SVO (Subject-Verb-Object), me te ture V2 (Verb Second) i roto i ngā rerenga kōrero matua. Ko te tauira o runga ake nei ka huri ki te reo Nōwei penei: "Barnet spiser eplet" (Ko te tamaiti [Subject] kei te kai [Verb] i te aporo [Object]). Ki te tāpirihia he tūpari wā, tūpari wāhi rānei ki mua (hei tauira, "I tēnei rā"), ka huri te whakatakotoranga i te reo Nōwei nā te ture V2: "I dag spiser barnet eplet". Me mataara te kaiwhakawhiti ki tēnei ture kia kore ai e heke te rerehua o te tuhi Nōwei.
Whakaaro Matua: Ko te kaiwhakawhiti reo pakari e kore e whai i te kupu ki te kupu, engari ka wāwāhi i te rerenga kōrero kia kitea te kaupapa, kātahi ka hanga hou ki te hanganga e tika ana mō te reo e whāia ana.
Te Wero o ngā Tūpou: Te Kore o te Tōkeke me te Takirua
He mea nui te tohu i ngā tūpou (pronouns) i roto i te reo Māori. Kei te reo Māori tētahi pūnaha tūpou e tino whakarite ana i te maha o te tāngata (takitahi, takirua, takitini) me te urunga o te tangata pānui (whakauru me te whakakore). Hei tauira, ko te "tāua" (ko koe me ahau) me te "māua" (ko ia me ahau engari kāhore koe) he rerekē ki te "tātou" me te "mātou".
Ki te titiro ki te reo Nōwei, kāhore he pūnaha pēnei. Ko te kupu Nōwei "vi" te whakakapi mō enei kupu katoa. Ina whakawhiti ana mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Nōwei, ka ngaro tēnei rereke wairua me te tohu tangata. Ki te hiahia te kaiwhakawhiti ki te pupuri i tēnei tōkeke, me tāpiri kupu pēnei i te "du og jeg" (ko koe me ahau) hei whakaatu i te takirua, me whakamahi rānei i te horopaki hei whakamārama i te hunga e whai wāhi ana ki te korero.
Te Whakawhiti Ahurea me te Wairua o te Reo
Ko te reo Māori he reo e kī ana i ngā kupu ahurea e mau ana i te mana, te tapu, te mauri, me te kaitiakitanga. Ki te whakahuri i enei kupu ki te reo Nōwei, kāhore he kupu kotahi hei whakakapi tonu. Anei etahi tauira:
- Mana: Ko te kupu Nōwei "ære" (honour) rānei, "verdighet" (dignity) rānei te tohu, engari kāhore enei kupu e mau ana i te kaha ā-wairua e heke mai ana i ngā atua me ngā tīpuna pēnei i te mana Māori.
- Kaitiakitanga: Ka taea te whakawhiti ki te "forvalterskap" (stewardship/management) me te "beskyttelse" (protection). Engari, kāhore tēnei e whakauru ana i te hononga ā-wairua i waenga i te tangata me te taiao.
- Tino Rangatiratanga: He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te kupu "selvbestemmelse" (self-determination) rānei, "suverenitet" (sovereignty) rānei. Engari kāhore te hōhonutanga o te mana o te whenua me te iwi e kitea rawatia i roto i aua kupu noa.
Te Pūnaha o te A me te O me ngā Ira Kupu Nōwei
Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga motuhake o te reo Māori ko te pūnaha ahunga matua o te mana, ara ko te pūnaha "A" me te "O" mō te mana arowhai me te mana mau tonu. Hei tauira, e kī ana tātou "tāku pukapuka" (he mea nāku i hanga - "A") engari "tōku whare" (he mea whakamarumaru - "O"). I te reo Nōwei, kāhore he wehenga pēnei i te tohu taonga. E whakamahi ana ratou i te "min/mitt/mine" (āku/tōku) i runga anake i te ira o te kupu ingoa e whai ake ana.
Nā tēnei, ka ara mai te wero o ngā ira kupu i te reo Nōwei (grammatical genders). E toru ngā ira i roto i te reo Nōwei: ko te hankjønn (tāne), ko te hunkjønn (wāhine), me te intetkjønn (tōkeke). I te reo Māori, kāhore he ira mō ngā kupu ingoa. Me tino arowhai te kaiwhakawhiti i te ira o te kupu Nōwei i tīpakohia ai kia tika te whakakapi i ngā tohu taonga me ngā tūtohu (determiners).
Te Huinga o ngā Iwi Tika: Ngā Parareletanga ki te hunga Hami (Sami)
He āhuatanga whakamere tēnei: kei Nōwei te iwi taketake o te raki, te hunga Hami (Sami). He rite tonu ngā pakanga me ngā angitu o te hunga Hami ki o te Māori e pā ana ki te tiaki i tō rātou reo me tō rātou whenua. Ko tētahi tohutohu nui mō te whakawhiti reo ko te kimi i ngā kupu ahurea Hami kua tūhono ki te reo Nōwei. Ahakoa kāhore i te rite katoa, ko ngā kōrero e pā ana ki te ao tūroa, ki te kōrero tuku iho me te tiaki taiao e tata ake ana ki te wairua o te reo Māori i ngā kupu Tiamana tuku iho o te reo Nōwei.
Ngā Tohutohu Matua mā te Kaiwhakawhiti Reo
Hei whakarāpopoto, anei etahi tohutohu whaihua mō te hunga e mahi ana i tēnei pūkenga:
- Kaua e tere ki te whakawhiti i te kupu: Engari, me whai i te "para-translation" (te whakamārama i te kaupapa) mēnā he kupu ahurea Māori tēnei. He pai ake te waiho i te kupu Māori me te tāpiri i te whakamārama poto i te reo Nōwei.
- Whiriwhiria te Ara Tuhi Tika: Kia mārama kei te reo Nōwei e rua ngā ara tuhi mana — ko te Bokmål me te Nynorsk. Whiriwhiria the mea e tika ana mō tō hunga pānui.
- Whakanuia ngā Rerenga Kōrero Poto: He pai ki te reo Māori ngā rerenga roa me te whakamahi i ngā kupu hono maha. Heoi, i te reo Nōwei, he pai ake te mārama me te hanga i ngā rerenga poto kia kore ai e rangirua te pānui.
- Me Mahi tahi me te Hunga mātau: He mea matua te arowhai a tētahi tangata nōna te reo taketake Nōwei hei whakarite i te hanganga me te rerehua o te tuhinga whakamutunga.