I tēnei ao hurihuri, kua piki te hiahia ki te hono i ngā reo me ngā ahurea o te ao. Ko tētahi o ngā ara whakawhiti reo motuhake ko te whakawhiti mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Potukī (Portuguese). Ahakoa he rerekē rawa ēnei reo e rua—he reo Apaterehia (Austronesian) te reo Māori, ā, he reo Rōmana (Romance) te reo Potukī—kei te kitea te hira o te kawe i ngā kōrero, ngā pukapuka, me ngā ariā Māori ki ngā topito o te ao. Mā konei e wetewete ai ngā āhuatanga matua o tēnei momo whakawhiti reo, ngā wero hātepe, me ngā tohutohu kia kounga ai te hua whakamutunga mō te hunga rangahau, kaiwhakawhiti reo, me te hunga pānui.
Ngā Rerekētanga Hanga Hātepe o te Reo
Ko tētahi o ngā wero nui ki te kaiwhakawhiti reo ko te hangarere o ngā hanganga wetereo. Me mātua mohio te kaiwhakawhiti ki ēnei rerekētanga kia kore ai e ngaro te tikanga pono o te kōrero i te wā e whakawhiti ana mai i te reo taketake ki te reo tūhono.
Te Raupapa o ngā Kupu (Word Order)
Ko te reo Māori he reo VSO (Verb-Subject-Object), ko te tikanga, ka tīmata te rerenga kōrero ki te tūmahi, ka whai te tūpou, te tūingoa rānei, kātahi ka whai te tūpou pānga. Hei tauira, "Kua kite a Hone i te manu". Mō te reo Potukī, he reo SVO (Subject-Verb-Object) tēnei, pērā i te reo Ingarihi ("O João viu o pássaro"). Ina whakatakoto ana te kaiwhakawhiti i te rerenga, me tahuri kē te hinengaro mai i te raupapa ā-kupu o tētahi reo ki tētahi, me te whakarite kei te pai te rere o te reo Potukī kia māhorahora ai ki te taringa o te tangata whenua o Potukī, o Parīhi (Brazil) rānei.
Ngā Tūtohu me te Ira (Articles and Gender)
Kāore he tūmomo "tāne" me te "wahine" ki ngā kupu tūingoa o te reo Māori, heoi ano ngā kupu whakaatu i te tangata. Engari, ki te reo Potukī, kei ia tūingoa tōna ake ira (gender) - he tāne (masculine), he wahine (feminine) rānei. Hei tauira, ko te kupu "te rākau" i te reo Māori he "a árvore" i te reo Potukī (he wahine), ā, ko "te rā" he "o sol" (he tāne). Me mātua whakarite te kaiwhakawhiti kei te hāngai ngā kupu pūtohu me ngā tūāhua (adjectives) ki te ira o te tūingoa i te reo Potukī. E kore e taea te wareware i ēnei hononga whakahirahira i roto i te hanganga reo Potukī.
Te Whakawhiti Ahurea: Te Mauri me te Mana o te Kōrero
Ehara te whakawhiti reo i te huri noa i ngā kupu mai i tētahi papakupu ki tētahi atu. He kawe tēnei i te ao me te wairua o tētahi iwi ki tētahi atu. Mō te reo Māori, he maha ngā kupu kāore he rite i roto i te reo Potukī. Kei konei te pūkenga motuhake o te kaiwhakawhiti reo ki te whai i te hangarau o te transcreation.
- Mana: He kupu tēnei e tohu ana i te tūnga, te manaaki, me te pūmanawa atua. Ina whakawhitia ki te reo Potukī, e kore e ranea te kupu "prestígio" te "autoridade" rānei. Me whakamārama ake te horopaki, me whakamahi rānei i te kupu taketake "mana" me te tāpiri i tētahi whakamārama mō te hunga pānui ki raro i te whārangi.
- Kaitiakitanga: He kupu e pā ana ki te tiaki i te whenua me ngā taonga o te taiao. I te reo Potukī, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā kupu pērā i te "tutela ambiental", "gestão ecológica", "guarda" rānei, engari me whakaatu tonu te pānga ā-wairua o tēnei ariā ki te ao Māori kia kaua e tapahia te mauri o te kupu.
- Whanaungatanga: Ko te hononga ā-tangata me te piringa hapori. I te reo Potukī, ka kitea i raro i te kupu "parentesco" te "senso de comunidade" rānei, engari he hōhonu kē atu tēnei i tō te reo Potukī titiro aronui.
Kua wetewetehia e ngā tohunga ko te tikanga pai mō ēnei kupu tapu ko te "transcreation" (te whakawhiti-auaha) rānei, ko te waiho tonu i te kupu Māori me te tāpiri tuhipoka (glossary/footnotes) ki te reo Potukī. Ma tēnei ka marama te hunga pānui Potukī ki te hōhonutanga o te ao Māori.
Ngā Tohutohu Whai Hua mō te Kaiwhakawhiti
Ki te hiahia koe kia kounga te whakawhiti mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Potukī, whaihia ēnei tohu motuhake kua whakatakotoria e ngā tohunga reo:
- Tātaritia te Papakupu me te Horopaki: Kaua e whakawhiti kupu noa. Pānuihia katoatia te rerenga me te parawae (paragraph) kia mārama ai koe ki te kaupapa matua i mua i te tīmatanga.
- Matapakinga me te Huringa ā-Iwi: Hono atu ki te iwi kāinga. Mēna kei te whakawhiti koe i tētahi kōrero ā-iwi rānei, me rāpu whakaaro i ngā kaumātua, i ngā kaimahi reo rānei o taua rohe kia tika ai te kaupapa.
- Whakaarohia te Hunga Pānui: Kei te whakawhiti koe mō te hunga i te whenua o Potukī (Portugal) rānei, mō Brazil rānei? He nui te rerekētanga o te reo Potukī ki aua whenua e rua, mai i te kīwaha ki te hanganga o te rerenga kōrero.
- Hātepe Arotake: Whakauruhia tētahi kaitātari tuarua (peer reviewer) he matatau ki te reo Potukī me te reo Māori. Mā konei e kitea ai ngā hapa iti e ngaro ana i te tirohanga tuatahi a te kaiwhakawhiti.
He Whakarāpopototanga me te Anamata
Ko te whakawhiti reo mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Potukī he ara hou e tuwhera ana i ngā rārangi kōrero ki te ao nui. Ma te aro nui ki te hanganga wetereo, ki ngā nuances ahurea, me te whai i ngā tikanga mahi tika, e taea ai te hanga i tētahi tuhinga e whakaute ana i te reo okioki me te reo haere. Mā tēnei huarahi e kawe te mana o te reo Māori ki ngā topito o te ao kōrero Potukī, me te whakapiri i ngā iwi mā te huarahi o te aroha, te māramatanga, me te tauhokohoko ahurea i ngā tau e heke mai ana.