Ko te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i te reo Māori me te reo Sunda (Basa Sunda) he kaupapa whakahirahira e hono ana i ngā peka e rua o te kāhui reo Ahitonihiana (Austronesian). Ahakoa he takenga kotahi tō rātou i ngā mano tau ki muri, kua rerekē rawa te tipu o ia reo i tōna ake taiao, i tōna ake takotoranga whenua. Mō te kaimahi whakawhiti reo, he nui ngā wero me ngā painga o te mahi nei. Ko te whāinga matua o tēnei tuhinga he torotoro i ngā āhuatanga motuhake o tēnei mahi whakawhiti, me te tuku tohutohu whai take kia tōtika, kia whai mana hoki te tuhinga whakamutunga.
Ngā Whakapapa o te Reo: He Hononga mai i neherā
Ko te reo Māori me te reo Sunda he mea hono nā te whakapapa reo. Ko te reo Sunda te reo o te iwi Sunda e noho ana ki te taha ki te uru o te motu o Java i Initonīhia, ā, ko te reo Māori te reo taketake o Aotearoa. Ahakoa te tawhiti o te takotoranga whenua, e kitea tonutia ana ētahi kupu rite (cognates) pēnei i te kupu mō te kanohi (mata ki te reo Māori, mata ki te reo Sunda) me te kupu mō te rākau (rākau ki te reo Māori, kai ki te reo Sunda, ahakoa he rerekē te whakahua i ētahi wā). Engari, kaua e pōhēhē he maamaa te whakawhiti nō te mea noa iho he kāhui kotahi. He rerekē rawa ngā wetereo, ngā tikanga hapori, me ngā horopaki ahurea e karapoti ana i ngā reo e rua nei.
Ko te Hanganga o te Rerenga Kōrero: VSO me te SVO
Ko tētahi o ngā wero nui rawa atu mō te kaiwhakawhiti kōrero ko te wetereo me te raupapa o ngā kupu i roto i te rerenga kōrero. I roto i te reo Māori, ko te raupapa noa ko te Tūmahi-Tūingoa-Whakaingoa (Verb-Subject-Object, VSO). Hei tauira, "Ka inu te tamaiti i te wai" (inu = tūmahi, te tamaiti = tūingoa, te wai = whakaingoa). Ki te reo Sunda, ko te raupapa noa ko te Tūingoa-Tūmahi-Whakaingoa (Subject-Verb-Object, SVO), pēnei i te reo Pākehā. Ki te whakawhitia tēnei rerenga kōrero ki te reo Sunda, ka pēnei: "Budak nginum cai" (Budak = te tamaiti, nginum = inu, cai = wai).
Mā te kaiwhakawhiti reo e whakatikatika tēnei raupapa kia rerehua ai te reo Sunda. Ki te aru rawatia te hanganga VSO o te reo Māori ki te reo Sunda, ka pouri te ngākau o te kaikorero taketake o Java nō te mea ka ahua kee te tangi o ngā kupu. Me āta whakarite hoki te whakamahi i ngā kupu hono me ngā pūmua e hāngai ana ki te reo e whai ana ia.
Ngā Rerenga Hapori o te Reo Sunda: Ko te "Undak-Usuk Basa"
He rerekē rawa te reo Sunda ki te reo Māori i runga i tōna hanganga hapori. Ko tētahi āhuatanga tino nui o te reo Sunda ko te "Undak-Usuk Basa", ara, ko ngā taumata rangatiratanga o te reo i runga i te whakaute ki te tangata e kōrero ana koe. E toru ngā taumata matua:
- Basa Loma: He reo noa, he reo hoki e whakamahia ana i waenga i ngā hoa tata, ngā whanaunga e ōrite ana te pakeke, me ngā tamariki.
- Basa Lemes: He reo whakaute, reo tapu hoki e whakamahia ana ki te kōrero ki ngā rangatira, ki ngā kaumātua, ki ngā manuhiri rānei kāore ano kia tino mōhiotia.
- Basa Kasar: He reo mārō, he reo taumaha hoki e whakamahia ana i te wā o te riri, ki ngā kararehe rānei. Kāore tēnei e whakamahia i roto i ngā tuhinga ōkawa.
Ki te whakawhiti i te tuhinga Māori, me matua mōhio te kaiwhakawhiti ki te horopaki. Ki te mea he tuhinga whaimana, he tuhinga pāpāho rānei e pa ana ki ngā kaupapa whakahirahira, me whakamahi te Basa Lemes. Ki te mea he tuhinga rangitahi mō te rangatahi, he Basa Loma pea te ara tika. I te reo Māori, ahakoa he rerekē te kōrero ōkawa ki runga marae (reo whaikōrero) me te reo kōrero o te kāinga, kāore he pūnaha whakarereke kupu penei i te reo Sunda mō ngā taumata hapori rereke.
Te Whakawhiti i ngā Tāonga Whakaaro: Mana, Tapu, me te Mauri
Mō te reo Māori, ko te tino wero ko te whakamārama i ngā kupu ahurea e kīia nei he tāonga whakaaro, pēnei i te "mana", "tapu", me te "mauri". He kupu ēnei kāore he tino rite i roto i te reo Sunda, i ētahi atu reo rānei o te ao. Ko te "mana" ka taea te whakawhiti ki ētahi kupu Sunda pēnei i te "wibawa" (te wairua rangatira me te whakaute) me te "kawasa" (te kaha rānei te mana o te wairua), engari kāore i te kapi katoa te hōhonutanga o te mana Māori. Hoki atu ki te "tapu", ka taea te whakamahi i te kupu "pamali" (he rāhuitanga pāpori, ahurea rānei) heoi, ko te tapu o te reo Māori he hōhonu ake, e pa ana ki ngā atua me te taha wairua.
Mō te "mauri", ko te kupu Sunda pēnei i te "nyawa" (te oranga taketake) me te "sumangat" (te kaha o te wairua) ngā mea tata rawa, engari me matua whakamahi te kaiwhakawhiti i te tuhinga whakamārama (gloss/explanatory note) hei whakamārama i ngā tikanga Māori i roto i te reo Sunda kia kore ai e ngaro te mauri o te tuhinga taketake.
Tohutohu Matua mō te Kaiwhakawhiti Kōrero Māori ki te Reo Sunda
Hei whakarāpopoto, koinei ētahi tohutohu whai take mō te tangata e mahi ana i tēnei tūmomo whakawhitiwhiti reo:
- Whakatakoto i te Horopaki: Me mōhio ko wai te hunga pānui o te tuhinga Sunda. Mā tēnei e tohu ko tēhea taumata reo (Lemes, Loma) hei whakamahi.
- Arotahi ki te Hiahia o te Rerenga: Kaua e whakawhiti kupu ki te kupu (word-for-word). Me arotahi ki te tikanga o te rerenga katoa, ka whakatakoto ai i te hanganga SVO e pai ana ki te hunga pānui Sunda.
- Whakahaerehia ngā Kupu Ahurea me te Manaaki: Mēnā he kupu Māori tino hōhonu, pēnei i te "whanaungatanga", e pai ana te waiho i taua kupu tonu, me te tāpiri i tētahi whakamāramatanga poto ki te reo Sunda (pēnei i te kupu "kabekahan" rānei te "silaturahmi" e tohu ana i te hononga hapori).
- Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero ki ngā Mātanga: He pai tonu te tono ki tētahi tangata taketake o te reo Sunda (urang Sunda) me tētahi matanga reo Māori ki te arotake i te tuhinga kia papai ai te rere o te reo.
Mā te whai i ēnei tikanga, ka whakaritea tētahi whakawhitinga korero e whakanui ana i te reo Māori taketake, ā, e mārama ana hoki ki te hunga pānui o West Java, e hanga ana i te piriti pakari i waenga i te ao Māori me te ao Sunda.