Ko te whakawhiti i tētahi reo ki tētahi atu he mahi e rapua ana te mātauranga hōhonu ki ngā ao e rua. Hāunga te tawhiti o ngā whenua o Aotearoa me Whinirana, te rerekē o ō rātou ahurea, me te tawhiti o ō rātou whakapapa reo, tēnā pea kei reira tētahi hononga ā-ipurangi me te hiahia ki te whakamāori, ki te whakawhinirana rānei i ngā kōrero. He mea nui te wetewete i ngā uauatanga wetereo me ngā rerekētanga ahurea e ara ake ana ina whakawhitia he tuhinga mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Whinirana.
Te Mātāpuna me te Whānau Reo: Rerekē te Pūtake
Ko te reo Māori he mema nō te whānau reo Aonihia (Austronesian), e whakawhirinaki ana ki te taha pōrihitanga o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa. I tētahi atu taha, ko te reo Whinirana he reo nō te whānau reo Wāriki (Uralic / Finno-Ugric). Kāore he hononga whakapapa o ēnei reo e rua, ā, ko tēnei rerekētanga pūtake te take tuatahi o ngā uauatanga whakawhiti reo. I te mea he reo Aonihia te reo Māori, he reo hanga ahhua whakakapi me te whakamahi i ngā tūpāmu me ngā kupu whakataki hei tohu i te hononga o ngā kupu. Engari, ko te reo Whinirana he reo whakahuihui (agglutinative language), e tāpiri ana i ngā pīmuri (suffixes) ki ngā tūāmu matua hei hanga i te merenga o te kī.
Te Wetereo: Ara o te Hanganga Kīwaha
He tino rerekē te hanga o ngā rerenga kōrero i roto i te reo Māori me te reo Whinirana. Anei etahi tohu wetereo me whai whakaaro e te kaitātai reo:
- Te Raupapa Kupu (Word Order): Ko te reo Māori te nuinga o te wā ka whai i te raupapa Kupu Mahi - Kaimahi - Mea (Verb-Subject-Object, VSO). Hei tauira: "E kai ana te tamaiti i te āpora." Tāpae atu ki tēnei, ko te reo Whinirana ka whai i te raupapa Kaimahi - Kupu Mahi - Mea (Subject-Verb-Object, SVO), pēnei i te nuinga o ngā reo o Ūropi, pēnā i te "Lapsi syö omenaa."
- Ngā Tāpiritanga Kupu (Agglutination): Kāore te reo Whinirana e whakamahi i ngā kupu atua (prepositions) pēnei i te reo Māori ("i", "ki", "hei", "mō"). Engari, e tekau mā rima (15) ngā pūtohu wetereo (cases / sijamuodot) e tāpiritia ana ki te pūtake o te kupu tohu. Hei tauira, ki te mea "i roto i te whare" i te reo Māori, ka kī te reo Whinirana "talossa" (talo = whare, -ssa = i roto i).
- Ngā Ira me te Kore Ira: Kāore he ira (gender) ki roto i ngā reo e rua. Heoi ano, he tino ngāwari te reo Whinirana mō te ira tangata i te mea kāore he rerekētanga i waenga i te "he" me te "she", he kotahi anake te kupu ko te "hän". Ko te reo Māori hoki e whakamahi ana i te "ia" mō te tāne me te wahine, e whakaatu ana i tētahi ahua rite o te ara whakaaro tātai tangata.
Te Aroaro o ngā Tūpou (Pronouns) me te Hōhonutanga o te Whanaungatanga
Ko tētahi tino rerekētanga wetereo e hiahia ana ki te aro nui o te kaitātai ko te hanganga o ngā tūpou whaiaro. He tino taonga te reo Māori ki ngā tūpou, inā rā he rerekētanga kei waenga i te takitahi (au, koe, ia), te takirua (tāua, māua, kōrua, rāua), me te takitini (tātou, mātou, koutou, rātou). He mea nui te wehewehe i te tāpiri (inclusive) me te motuhake (exclusive). Ki te kī "mātou", kāore te kaiwhakarongo e whakaurua. Ki te kī "tātou", kei roto te katoa. Ki te reo Whinirana, kāore he hanganga takirua pēnei, ā, he tino ngāwari ō rātou tūpou (minä, sinä, hän, me, te, he). Me whai kiko te kaitātai i roto i te reo Whinirana ki te whakamaarama mā te horopaki (context) i te hunga e kōrerotia ana kia kore ai e ngaro te hōhonutanga me te reka o te kōrero Māori.
Te Tikanga me te Muri o te Kupu: Ariā Māori me te Ariā Whinirana
Ko te whakawhiti reo ehara i te mea noa e pā ana ki ngā kupu wetereo; he whakawhiti hoki i te wairua me te tikanga o tētahi iwi ki tētahi atu. He tino uaua te kimi i ngā kupu rite mō ngā kupu matua o te ao Māori ki te reo Whinirana:
- Mana: He ariā e tohu ana i te manaaki, te whakahīhī, te mana motuhake, me te tapu. Kāore he kupu kotahi i te reo Whinirana e whakaatu ana i tēnei. Tēnā pea ka taea te whakamahi i te kupu "arvokkuus" (te hōnore / dignity), "voima" (te kaha / power) rānei, engari me tāpiri he whakamāramatanga horopaki.
- Taonga: He mea whakahirahira e piri ana ki te whakapapa me te ahurea. Ka taea te whakamahi i te kupu "aarre" (treasure) i te reo Whinirana, engari kāore i te pā ki ngā taonga a-waha me ngā taonga a-tangata me te rerekētanga o te tikanga i roto i te reo Māori.
- Kaitiakitanga: Te mahi a te kaitiaki ki te taiao. Kei te reo Whinirana te kupu "suojelus" (protection) rānei, "luonnonhoito" (land care), engari kāore e mau i te hononga ā-wairua kei waenga i te tangata me te whenua pēnei i te ao Māori.
Waihoki, kei te reo Whinirana ētahi kupu ahurei, pēnei i te "sisu" (te manawaroa e ara ake ana i te uaua) me te "myötähäpe" (te whakamā mō tētahi atu). Ki te whakawhitia ēnei ki te reo Māori, me whakamahi i ngā tauira kōrero pēnei i te "manawaroa" me te "whakama matapiko" hei whakaatu i te tino tikanga o te ao Whinirana.
Tohutohu Matua mō te Kaitātai i te Whakawhiti Reo Māori ki te Reo Whinirana
Mō ngā kaimahi e whakamāori ana i te kōrero, e whakawhiti ana rānei i te reo Māori ki te reo Whinirana, me whai i ēnei huarahi tūtohu hei whakarite i te kounga o te mahi:
- Whakaarohia te Horopaki Whānui: Kaua e whakawhiti kupu-ki-te-kupu (word-for-word). Nā te mea he reo agglutinative te reo Whinirana, ka huri te āhua o te kupu matua i runga i tōna turanga i te rerenga kōrero. Me aro tonu ki te aronga katoa o te kianga.
- Arohia ngā Tikanga Wairua me te Karakia: Mena kei te tuhinga Māori ngā karakia, ngā whakataukī rānei, me whai ki te whakamārama i te tikanga o muri, kaua e whakawhiti noa i ngā oro. Ko te kōrero e tohu ana i te hononga ki te iwi me ngā tīpuna, ā, me whakaatu tēnā āhuatanga ki te kaipānui Whinirana.
- Whakamahia ngā Papakupu Wetereo Matua: Ahakoa he iti ngā papakupu Māori-Whinirana, me whai ki te whakamahi i te reo Ingarihi hei reo takawaenga (pivot language) me te tātari anō i te wetereo o ngā reo e rua kia kore ai e ngaro te pūtake o ngā korero.
- Tiakina te Tikanga o te Reo Taketake: Ki te kore e kitea te kupu tika i te reo Whinirana, he pai ake te pupuri i te kupu Māori (hei tauira: marae, whakapapa) me te tāpiri i tētahi whakamārama poto i te reo Whinirana i roto i te rārangi kupu (glossary).
Mā te whai i ēnei tīpuna matua me te āta tātari i te ao wetereo o ēnei reo e rua, ka piki te kounga o te whakawhiti me te whakarite i te mana o te reo Māori i te ao ipurangi me te ao o te ao whānui.