Guhindura inyandiko kuva mu rurimi rw'Ikinyarwanda ujya mu Gifinilande (Suomi) ni umurimo usaba ubuhanga buhanitse n'ubumenyi bwimbitse mu miterere n'umuco by'indimi zombi. Nubwo izi ndimi zombi zikoresha inyandiko y'Ikiri Kilatini, zikomoka mu miryango y'indimi itandukanye cyane kandi ifite amateka atandukanye rwose. Ikinyarwanda ni ururimi rwo mu muryango w'indimi z'Abantu (Bantu languages) rusanzwe rukoresha cyane ingereka zibanziriza igitsi cy'ijambo (prefixes), naho Igifinilande kikaba icyo mu muryango w'izitwa Uralic cyangwa Finno-Ugric, rurangwa no gukoresha ingereka zomekwa inyuma y'ijambo (suffixes). Ibi bituma habaho itandukaniro rinini mu miterere y'interuro, ikibonezamvugo, ndetse n'imyemerere y'umuco ikwiriye kwitonderwa cyane n'usemura kugira ngo asohore inyandiko ifite ireme n'ubwiza bukwiriye.
Imiterere y'Ikibonezamvugo: Ururimi rw'Uturemajambo n'Uruhuza-Nteruro
Ikinyarwanda n'Igifinilande byombi bikunze kubarwa mu ndimi zikoresha uturemajambo twinshi twomekwa ku gitsi cy'ijambo (agglutinative languages). Gusa, uburyo zibikora biratandukanye mu buryo bw'ishingiro:
- Ikinyarwanda: Gikoresha cyane uturemajambo tubanziriza ijambo (prefixes). Dufite nka "ingereka" zikoreshwa mu kwerekana amatsinda y'amazina (noun classes), nk'urugero: umuntu (itsinda rya 1 mu buke) na abantu (itsinda rya 2 mu bwinshi). Ndetse n'inshinga zikoresha uturemajambo tubanziriza igitsi cy'inshinga kugira ngo zigaragaze umutetsi (subject agreement), intego (object marker), n'igihe ibikorwa byabereye.
- Igifinilande: Cyo ntigifite amatsinda y'amazina (noun classes) cyangwa igitsina cy'ijambo (gender), ariko gikoresha cyane ingereka zomekwa inyuma y'ijambo (suffixes). Aho Ikinyarwanda gikoresha uturemajambo tubanziriza cyangwa amagambo yigenga, Igifinilande cyo kiyambaza ingereka z'inyuma (grammatical cases cyangwa sijamuodot). Igifinilande gifite ibyiciro by'amazina (cases) bigera kuri 15 bitandukanye bikoreshwa mu cyimbo cy'amategeko y'utubonezamvugo cyangwa prepositions zikoreshwa mu ndimi z'Ikigeramani cyangwa iz'Abantu.
Guhindura Imiterere y'Ibyerekeye Aho Ibintu Biherereye (Locatives)
Mu Kinyarwanda, kwerekana aho ikintu giherereye cyangwa aho kigana bikunze gukoresha amagambo nka "mu", "ku", cyangwa "kuri". Mu Gifinilande, ibi bikorwa binyuze mu gukoresha udusanduku tw'inyuma twihariye (cases) tugabanijemo ibice bibiri: "internal locatives" (inessive, elative, illative) ryerekana ibiri imbere mu kintu, n' "external locatives" (adessive, ablative, allative) ryerekana ibiri inyuma cyangwa hejuru y'ikintu:
- Mu Kinyarwanda: Mu nzu (mu + inzu). Mu Gifinilande: talossa (talo [inzu] + -ssa [imbere mu]).
- Mu Kinyarwanda: Ku meza (ku + ameza). Mu Gifinilande: pöydällä (pöytä [ameza] + -llä [kuri/hejuru]).
- Mu Kinyarwanda: Kuve mu nzu. Mu Gifinilande: talosta (talo [inzu] + -sta [kuva imbere mu]).
Umuhinduzi agomba kuba maso kugira ngo ahitemo neza imbanziriza-jambo y'Ikinyarwanda ihwanye neza n'inyereka-rubanza y'Igifinilande. Kubura ubwo buhanga bishobora gutuma interuro isomeka nka "ku nzu mbarirwa imbere" aho kuba "mu nzu", ibyo bikaba byahindura rwose icyo umwanditsi yashakaga kuvuga cyangwa bikagabanya ubwiza bw'umwandiko mu rurimi rugera (target language).
Ibibazo by'Ibihe n'Uburyo bw'Inshinga (Verbal Tenses and Aspects)
Ikinyarwanda gifite gahunda ikomeye cyane kandi isobanutse y'ibihe by'inshinga. Dufite ibihe bya hafi cyane (nka ndashaka), ibihe by'uyu munsi (nka nakoze), ndetse n'ibihe bya kure cyane by'amateka (nka narakoze). Igifinilande cyo ntigifite ibihe byinshi bya kera, kandi ikiruta byose, ntigifite igihe cy'ahazaza (future tense) cyihariye gifite ingereka yacyo.
Mu Gifinilande, iyo bashaka kwerekana ibintu bizaba mu gihe kizaza, bakoresha inshinga mu gihe cy'ubu (present tense) ariko bakongeramo ijambo ryerekana igihe (nka "ejo" cyangwa "nyuma") cyangwa bagakoresha uburyo bw'intego yuzuye (accusative object). Umuhinduzi uhindura kuva mu Kinyarwanda agomba kumva neza imirongo y'ibihe y'Ikinyarwanda hanyuma akayigana mu Gifinilande yifashishijwe imiterere y'interuro n'ubwubatsi bw'ijambo bufite intego ikwiriye.
Umuco, Imigani n'Imvugo z'Ikigereranyo (Cultural Transcreation)
Indimi zombi zifite imico yihariye ishingiye ku mateka y'ibihugu byombi n'imibereho y'abaturage bavyo. U Rwanda ni igihugu cy'imisozi igihumbi, cyabayemo ubworozi bw'inka n'ubuhinzi, bikaba bigira uruhare runini mu mvugo z'ikigereranyo n'imigani. Finland yo ni igihugu cy'ibiyaga n'amashyamba akomeye, aho imbeho n'urubura ndetse n'ishyamba bifite umwanya ukomeye mu biganiro n'imyandikire ya buri munsi.
Urugero, iyo mu Kinyarwanda tuvuga ubutwari cyangwa kwihangana, twungikamo imigani iherekeje inka, imiryango, cyangwa ubutwari bw'intwari z'amateka. Mu Gifinilande, hari ijambo rikomeye cyane ryitwa Sisu, risobanura kwihangana gukomeye, kutagenda inyuma mu bihe bigoye, n'intego idakuka. Iyo umusemuzi ahasanze imvugo nka "kugira umutima w'intwari" cyangwa "kwihangana kugeza gushira", agomba kureba niba gukoresha ijambo sisu mu Gifinilande byaba bikwiriye kuruta guhindura ijambo ku rindi (literal translation), kuko ari ryo ryamvikana neza mu mutima w'Umufinilande.
Inama z'Imyandikire n'Ubusemuzi ku Banyamwuga
Kugira ngo umwandiko uhinduwe mu Gifinilande uze umeze neza nk'wanditswe n'umunyagihugu (native speaker) kandi ugere ku ntego yawo ya SEO, nougire inama zikurikira:
- Irinde guhindura ijambo ku rindi (Word-for-Word Translation): Kubera ko Igifinilande gifite imiterere y'interuro yihariye aho amagambo ashobora gushyirwa mu buryo butandukanye bitewe n'ibyo ushaka gushimangira (topic-prominent language), guhindura ijambo ku rindi bishobora gusenya ubusobanuro nyabwo bw'interuro y'Ikinyarwanda.
- Koresha Ikoranabuhanga rya CAT Tools na Terminology Databases: Gukoresha software zigezweho nka SDL Trados cyangwa MemoQ birafasha cyane mu kubika amagambo yihariye (terminology memory), cyane cyane ku magambo y'ikoranabuhanga n'amategeko akoreshwa mu rurimi rw'Igifinilande rwumvikana neza.
- Soma cyane ibitabo n'inyandiko z'Igifinilande: Kumenya imyandikire y'Igifinilande isanzwe bifasha mu guhitamo amagambo n'inyito zikwiriye. Umusemuzi mwiza si uwzi amagambo gusa, ahubwo ni uwumva neza uburyo abavuga ururimi rwera batekereza n'uburyo basobanura ibintu bya buri munsi.
- Kora isubiramo ry'inyandiko (Proofreading): Buri gihe inyandiko ihinduwe igomba gusuzumwa n'umuntu uvuga Igifinilande nk'ururimi rwe rwa kibondo (native speaker) kandi ufite ubumenyi mu Kinyarwanda, kugira ngo yemeze ko ikoresha ry'ingereka z'inyuma (cases) ryakozwe mu buryo bw'umuco n'ikibonezamvugo bitagira amakemwa.
Guhindura ibyasomwe mu Kinyarwanda ubishyira mu Gifinilande ni inzira y'ubwubatsi bw'indimi isaba kwitonda, kwihangana, ndetse n'urukundo rw'ubuvanganzo n'imico y'indimi zombi. Ukurikije izi nama n'ubwo buryo, uzashobora gutanga umwandiko mwiza, wumvikana, kandi ufite ireme ryo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu rurimi rw'Igifinilande.