Kushandurwa kwemashoko kubva kuChishona kuenda kuChiEstonian inzira yakaoma asi inofadza zvikuru, inoda kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwete chete kwemashoko pachayo, asi kwemagadzirirwo emitauro iyi miviri yakasiyana zvakanyanya padanho remaumbirwo (morphology), duramazwi (lexicon), uye magariro (sociolinguistics). Chishona mutauro weBantu unotaurwa muZimbabwe nemunyika dzakapoteredza nevanhu vanodarika mamiriyoni gumi nemashanu, ukuwo ChiEstonian chiri mutauro weFinno-Ugric unotaurwa kuEstonia nevanhu vanosvika miriyoni imwe chete. Pepa rino rinotsanangura nzira, matambudziko makuru egrama netsika, pamwe nemazano anobatsira vashanduri kuti vakwanise kubudisa basa remhando yepamusoro uye rakagadziridzwa zvakanaka kune vanoverenga vekuEstonia.
Chirongwa Chemaumbirwo Mutauro neGrama (Grammatical Frameworks)
Kuti mushanduri akwanise kuita basa rakanaka, anofanira kutanga anzwisisa musiyano wakakura uripo pamaumbirwo emitsara nemashoko pakati pemitauro iyi miviri. Chishona nemutauro weChiEstonian zvine hwaro hwakasiyana zvachose mune zvegrama:
Mipanda yemazita yeChishona (Noun Classes) kurwisana neKusavapo kweGender muChiEstonian
Chishona chinoshandisa mipanda yemazita inodarika gumi nemasere (kubva pamupanda 1 kusvika pamupanda 21) inotonga kuwirirana kwezvivakiso zvose mumutsara (adjectives, verbs, pronouns). Mutauro weChiEstonian hauna mipanda yemazita iyi, uye hauna kana kusiyanisa pakati pevanhurume nevanhukadzi (grammatical gender), pane kungoshandisa chivakiso chimwe chete chekuti "tema" kumiririra "iye" (kureva iye murume kana mukadzi). Izvi zvinoreva kuti pakushandura kubva kuChishona, mushanduri anofanira kuona kuti zvinoreva mutsara hazvirasikirwi nezvemurume nemukadzi kana mamiriro acho akakosha munyaya iri kutaurwa.
Makesi gumi nemana eChiEstonian (14 Grammatical Cases)
ChiEstonian chinozivikanwa nekushandisa makesi gumi nemana anoshandura magumo emazita kuti aratidze ukama hwemazita aya nezvimwe zvikamu zvemutsara. MuChishona, ukama uhwu hunoratidzwa nekushandisa zviratidziro zvekutanga (noun prefixes) kana zvikanganisi zvemutsara (prepositions). Somuenzaniso, kuratidza nzvimbo ("mumba", "kubva mumba", "kuenda mumba") muChiEstonian kunoshandisa makesi eInessive (majas), Elative (majast), uye Illative (majja) pachishandiswa shoko rimwe chete rekuti "maja" (imba). Mushanduri anofanira kunyatsoziva maperekero anoitwa mazita aya kuitira kuti ashandise kesi kwayo zvichienderana nezviri kurehwa muChishona.
Maumbirwo ezviito (Verb Agglutination vs Inflectional Conjugation)
Chiito cheChishona chinosanganisa zvakawanda, kusanganisira chirevo chevanhu (subject concord), nguva (tense/aspect), uye chimiro chechiito (object concord) muchikamu chimwe chete (somuenzaniso: "ndinokuda" - "ndi-no-ku-da"). MuChiEstonian, kunyange zvazvo paine kushanduka kwezviito zvichienderana nenguva nemunhu, maumbirwo acho akajeka uye anowanzoshandisa mazwi akazvimiririra kuratidza zvinhu zvakasiyana. Kune zviito zvakare zvinoshandisa zvimiro zviviri zveinfinitives (ma-infinitive uye da-infinitive) zvinoenderana nechiito chinotungamira, izvo zvisipo muChishona chinongova neinfinitives yerudzi rumwe chete (ine chivakiso "ku-").
Kushandiswa kweZvikanganisi nePostpositions
Nepo Chishona chichinyanya kushandisa maprepositions anouya pamberi pezita (senge "pasi pe-", "mushure me-"), ChiEstonian chinowanzoshandisa mapostpositions anouya kumashure kwezita riri genitive case (senge "all", "taga", "peal"). Semuenzaniso, mutsara wekuti "pasi petafura" muChiEstonian unonyorwa kuti "laua all" (patafura pasi). Izvi zvinoda kuti mushanduri apindure maumbirwo emutsara mupfungwa dzake asati anyora mutsara wokupedzisira.
Matambudziko eMagariro neTsika (Cultural Translation Barriers)
Kushandura hakuna kungogumira pakutsinhana kwemashoko egrama chete; ndiko kuyambutsa tsika nemagariro kubva kunharaunda yeAfrika kuenda kunharaunda yeBaltic. Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvine chekuita netsika dzechiShona zvisina kwazvinobatana nazvo zvakananga mutsika dzechiEstonian:
- Tsumo nemadimikira: Tsumo dzechiShona dzinotaura pamusoro pehupenyu hwemumaruwa, mhuka, nemagariro echinyakare (senge "chara chimwe hachitswanyi inda") hadzikwanisi kushandurwa shoko neshoko kuenda kuChiEstonian. Mushanduri anofanira kutsvaga dimikira rinoenderana neizvi muChiEstonian rinoshandisa pfungwa yakafanana (semuenzaniso, "üks käsi ei pese teist" kana mamwe mashoko anoratidza kubatana).
- Mazwi asina kwakabatana nawo (Untranslatable Concepts): Pfungwa dzakadai se"Unhu" kana "Ubuntu" hadzina shoko rimwe chete rinomiririra muChiEstonian. Nepo unhu huchitsanangura tsika yekuve munhu nekuda kwevamwe vanhu ("munhu munhu nevanhu"), muChiEstonian ungafanira kutsanangura izvi uchishandisa mazwi akawanda anoratidza tsika yekuenderana nevanhu, rudo, netsitsi (semuenzaniso: "humaansus" kana "kogukonnatunnetus"). Tsika dzekuroora nepfuma (roora/lobola) dzinodawo kungwarira kukuru. Ukashandura shoko rekuti "roora" sekuti "pruudilunastus" kana "pruudihind" muChiEstonian, zvinogona kuunza pfungwa isiri iyo yekuti mukadzi ari kutengeswa sechimwe chinhu munharaunda yeEstonia. Mushanduri anofanira kupa tsananguro yakakodzera kana kushandisa shoko rinotsanangura tsika iyi sechikamu chekubatanidza mhuri mbiri.
- Zvinzvimbo neKuremekedza (Honorifics): Chishona chine nzira dzakawanda dzekuratidza kuremekedza vashoma kana vakuru (kushandisa vashandi vemuwandu sekuchembera kana kuti "kushandisa imi" pane "iwe"). MuChiEstonian, kunyange zvazvo paine shoko rekuti "Teie" (imi) rekurasa kuziva kana kuratidza kuremekedza, hachina kudzika zvakanyanya setsika yechiShona yekushandisa zvisaziso zvekuremekedza mudzimba nekuvanhu vese.
Mazano Akakosha Ekubudirira Pakushandura
Kuti ukwanise kubudisa shanduro yakarurama uye inonzwisisika zvakanaka nemuEstonia wemuno, tevedzera mazano anotevera anosimbisa hunyanzvi hwemushanduri:
- Kushandisa zvirevo zvinotsanangura (Descriptive Translation): Kana pasina shoko chairo rinomiririra chinhu chetsika yechiShona muChiEstonian, usamanikidza kushandura shoko neshoko (literal translation). Pane kudaro, shandisa mutsara mupfupi unotsanangura zvinoreva shoko iroro mumamiriro azvo echokwadi, uchichengetedza mweya wemutauro wekutanga.
- Kutevedzera mamiriro eChiEstonian emuno (Localization): Edza kudzivisa kushandusa maumbirwo emitsara anoenderana zvakanyanya neChishona. Mutauro weChiEstonian unofarira kushandisa mashoko mapfupi, akananga pane zviri kurehwa, uye asina madimikira anovhiringa kunze kwekuti mamiriro ezvinhu achida kudaro. Shandisa madimikira ekuEstonia anoenderana nechinangwa chedimikira rechiShona riri kushandurwa.
- Kushandisa maDuramazwi neMichina yeMazuva Ano: Sezvo pasina maduramazwi akawanda akananga pakati peChishona neChiEstonian, vashanduri vanowanzoshandisa mutauro weChirungu seamburera (pivot language). Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvichibatsira, zvakakosha kuverenga mutsara wokupedzisira muChiEstonian kuti uone kana usina kurasikirwa nezvinorehwa pakutanga nekuda kwekuenda nemuChirungu. Ongorora mazwi ese zvakadzama usati watendera shanduro yekupedzisira.
- Kuongororwa kwebasa neMutauri Wemuno (Native Proofreading): Mushure mekutsinhana kwemutauro, ita shuwa kuti munhu akakurira achitaura ChiEstonian anoverenga zvawakanyora kuti aone kana mutsara wacho uchiyerera zvakanaka uye usinganzwike sewakashandurwa nemuchina. Izvi zvinobatsira kuona kuti matoni ese uye zvinorehwa mumitsara zvakabuda zvakanaka uye zvakakodzera.
Mhedziso neMatanho Ekuenda Mberi
Kushandura pakati pemitauro yeChishona neChiEstonian kunoratidza pachena kukosha kwekusimudzira magariro nehunyanzvi hwevashanduri. Nekutevera matanho akatsanangurwa pamusoro apa, nekunzwisisa makesi eChiEstonian, uye nekuchengetedza mweya wetsika yechiShona, vashanduri vanogona kuvaka zambuko rakasimba uye rinobatsira pakati penyika mbiri idzi dzakasiyana zvakanyanya asi dzakapfuma mutsika.