Kushandura mabhuku, zvinyorwa, kana kukurukurirana kubva pamutauro wechiShona kuenda kuchiFrench (français) inzira inoda unyanzvi hwakadzama uye kunzwisisa kuzere kwemitauro miviri iyi. ChiShona mutauro weBantu unotaurwa munyika yeZimbabwe uye kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuAfrica, ukuwo chiFrench chiri mutauro weRomance unotaurwa pasi rose, zvikuru muEurope neAfrica. Mitauro iyi inosiyana zvakanyanya mumagadzirirwo emitsetse, mashandisirwo emashoko, uye mutsika. Nokudaro, kushandura hakusi kungotsinhanisa mashoko chete, asi kuendesa pfungwa nemagariro emutauro mumwe kuenda kune mumwe. Gwaro rino richabatsira vashanduri kunzwisisa madzoserwo emutauro, matambudziko anowanzoitika, uye mazano ekugadzirisa matambudziko iwayo kuitira kuti shanduro yavo ive yepamusoro.
Kusiyana Kwegirama KwechiShona NechiFrench
Rimwe rematambudziko makuru mukushandura kubva kuchiShona kuenda kuchiFrench riri pakati pegirama nemagadzirirwo emashoko (morphology). Mitauro yese iri miviri ine maitiro akasiyana zvachose pakuronga mashoko mumutsetse.
Zvikwata zveMazita (Noun Classes) naGrammatical Gender
ChiShona chine zvikwata zvemazita (noun classes) zvinodarika gumi nezvisere, izvo zvinotonga zvibatanidzo (concordial agreement) zvinoenderana nemazita acho. Semuenzaniso, mwana (Chikwata 1) anoshandisa chibatanidzo chakasiyana nedombo (Chikwata 5). Kune rumwe rutivi, chiFrench chine mhando mbiri chete dzevarume nevakadzi (masculine and feminine). Paunenge uchishandura kubva kuchiShona kuenda kuchiFrench, unofanira kuona kuti zita rega rega rakashandurwa riri muchikamu chipi chegirama yechiFrench uye kuti zvipikisheni nezviito zvinowirirana nazvo nemazvo. Kusakwanisa kuenzanisa izvi kunogona kukonzera zvikanganiso zvikuru mukunzwisisa mutsetse.
Zvibatanidzo nezviito (Verb Agglutination vs. Conjugation)
ChiShona mutauro unobatanidza mashoko (agglutinating language), apo mudzi wezwi unowedzerwa zvivakashure nezvikomberedzo kuratidza munhu, nguva, uye chiito pachacho. Semuenzaniso, shoko rokuti "ndakakuvadzai" rine zvikamu zvakawanda zvakabatana mundima imwe chete kuratidza 'ini' (nd-), 'nguva yakapfuura' (-aka-), 'iwe/imi' (-ku-), uye 'kuvadza' (mudzi wechiito). MuchiFrench, izvi zvinoda kutsanangurwa pachishandiswa mazwi akasiyana-siyana: "Je vous ai blessé". Mududzi anofanira kunyatsoongorora nguva yezviitiko (tense) uye mashandiro ezviito muchiFrench (conjugation) kuti ashandure revo yakazara isina kurasika.
Kushandurwa kweTsumo, Madimikira, uye Fananidzo dzechiShona
ChiShona chakapfuma zvikuru nepfungwa dzeuchenjeri dzinobuda kuburikidza nekatyamadzo ketumo nemadimikira. Tsumo dzechiShona dzinowanzoshandisa mifananidzo yemhuka, zvirimwa, uye hupenyu hwekumaruwa. Kana ukaedza kushandura tsumo yega yega izwi neizwi kuenda kuchiFrench, revo yacho inobva yarasika zvachose uye inogona kunzwika seisina musoro kumuverengi wechiFrench.
Semuenzaniso, tsumo inoti: "Kugona nhanho kudzokera shure" inoreva kuti dzimwe nguva unofanira kuongorora zvakare zviito zvako kuti ubudirire. MuchiFrench, haungaturikiri izwi neizwi uchiti "Savoir faire un pas c'est reculer". Panzvimbo pezvo, mududzi anofanira kutsvaga tsumo yechiFrench inotaura pfungwa yakafanana (equivalent idiom), yakadai se: "Reculer pour mieux sauter" (kudzokera shure kuitira kuti usvetuke zviri nani). Izvi zvinoda kuti mududzi ave neruzivo rwakadzama rwemagariro neuchenjeri hwemitauro miviri iyi kuitira kuti agone kuita shanduro inonzi 'transcreation' panzvimbo pe 'literal translation'.
Tsika Nemagariro: Rukudzo neNhaurirano Mutsika Muviri
Maitiro ekutaura anoratidza rukudzo (honorifics) akakosha zvikuru mutsika dzechiShona. Kushandisa shoko rokuti "imi" kana zviito zvine chivakashure chekuvhura zvakaita se "ma-" zvinoitirwa kuratidza rukudzo kuvakuru kana vanhu vausingazivi zvakanyanya. MuchiFrench, pane maitiro akafanana anonzi "vouvoiement," apo shoko rokuti "vous" rinoshandiswa kuratidza rukudzo panzvimbo ye "tu" inoshandiswa kushamwari kana vanhu vechidiki (tutoiement).
Zvisinei, kuenzanisa uku hakusi nyore nguva dzose. Dzimwe nguva, muShona anogona kushandisa mutauro werukudzo kumwana wetezvara kana kune vamwe vanhu vemhuri nenzira ine hudzamu hwemagariro asipo zvachose muFrance kana mune dzimwe nyika dzinotaura chiFrench. Mududzi wechiShona kuenda kuchiFrench anofanira kunzwisisa hukama huri pakati pevanhu vari kutaurwa muChinyakare kuitira kuti asarudze mutauro wechiFrench wakakodzera pasina kukonzera kusanzwisisana kana kuremekedza kusiri iko.
Mazano Anobatsira Vashanduri vechiShona nechiFrench
Kuti uve mududzi ane unyanzvi hwekuita basa iri nemazvo uye kupa shanduro yakavimbika, tevera mazano anotevera:
- Ongorora Mutsara neMutsara (Contextual Analysis): Usamhanyire kushandura shoko rimwe nerimwe zvakaparadzana. Verenga ndima yose kuti unzwisise chinangwa chemunyori usati watanga kushandura.
- Chengetedza Upenyu hweMutauro wePakutanga: Paunenge uchishandura zvinyorwa zvemadimikira, edza kutsvaga mashoko muchiFrench anoita kuti muverengi anzwe zvakafanana nezvaainzwa achiverenga muchiShona.
- Ziva Mashandisirwo eNguva muchiFrench: Nguva dzezviito (tenses) dzechiFrench dzakaita seImparfait, Passé Composé, uye Plus-que-parfait dzinofanira kushandiswa nemazvo zvichienderana nokuti chiitiko chomuchiShona chakaitika sei uye rini.
- Kumbira Ongororo Kubva Kune Vamwe: Paunopedza kushandura, taurirana nevamwe vashanduri kana kuti vanhu vanotaura chiFrench semutauro wamayi (native speakers) kuti vaongorore shanduro yako kana ichinyatsonzwika zvakanaka.
- Gadzira Dhatabhesi reMashoko (Glossary Building): Gadzira rondedzero yemashoko akaoma anowanzoonekwa muchiShona nezvirevo zvawo muchiFrench. Izvi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza kuenderana (consistency) kwezvinyorwa zvako zvose zvenguva yemberi.
Zvipingamupinyi zveMashoko Matsva (Neologisms) naTekinoroji
Nekuda kwekukura kwehunyanzvi hwekuita zvemichina (technology) uye zvematongerwo enyika, kune mashoko matsva akawanda asina mashoko anowirirana nawo zvakananga muchiShona chekare. Paunenge uchishandura kubva kuchiShona kuenda kuchiFrench kana kubva kuchiFrench kuenda kuchiShona, mududzi anofanira kushandusa nzira dzakadai sekuumbwa kwemashoko (neologism), kukwereta mashoko (borrowing), kana kutsanangura pfungwa yacho nemashoko mashoma. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika muzvinyorwa zvemutemo, zvehutano, uye zvesainzi. Mududzi ane unyanzvi anogona kushandisa mutauro unonzwisisika pasina kukanganisa huchokwadi hwemashoko ari mushanduro yacho.
Kupeta: Basa reMududzi muKusimudzira Mitauro
Kushandura pakati pechiShona nechiFrench hachisi chiito chekutsiva mashoko chete, asi ibasa rinovaka mabhiriji pakati petsika mbiri dzakasiyana zvachose. Vashanduri vanoita basa iri vanofanira kuratidza kuzvipira, rudo nemitauro, uye kuramba vachidzidza zvinhu zvitsva zuva nezuva. Nekutevedzera mazano ataurwa pamusoro apa, shanduro yako inogona kubatsira mukuparadzira ruzivo, kusimudzira magariro, uye kuita kuti mitauro iyi miviri ikure pamwe chete munyika yose.