Ukuguqulelwa kweentetho, imibhalo, kunye neengcinga ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kwizinto zolunye yinkqubo entsonkothileyo efuna ulwazi olunzulu lwesakhiwo solwimi, inkcubeko, kunye nomongo wembali yezithethe. Xa sithetha ngokuguqulela ukusuka kwisiXhosa (ulwimi lwesiBantu oluthethwa kakhulu eMzantsi Afrika kwaye lunembali ebalulekileyo) ukuya kwisiFinishi (ulwimi lwentsapho ye-Uralic oluthethwa kakhulu eFinland), sidibana neendlela ezimbini ezohluke ngokupheleleyo zezakhiwo zolwimi kunye nendlela yokucinga yenkcubeko. Esi sikhokelo siphonononga ngokubanzi imiba ebalulekileyo, imiceli-mngeni emikhulu, kunye neendlela ezilungileyo zokwenza olu guqulelo lube yimpumelelo kwaye lufikelele kubaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo ngendlela echanekileyo nenesitayile.
Umahluko weZakhiwo zoLwimi: IsiXhosa vs IsiFinishi
IsiXhosa sisiphawuli-magama esisebenzisa izimaphambili ezininzi ukwenza isigama kunye nezigaba zezibizo ezahlukeneyo. Sisoloko sisebenzisa isakhiwo sesivakalisi esilandela indlela eqhelekileyo ye-SVO (Subject-Verb-Object). Kwelinye icala, isiFinishi sikwalulwimi oludibanisa izakhiwo (agglutinative language), kodwa sona sisebenzisa kakhulu izimamva (suffixes) endaweni yezimaphambili. IsiFinishi sinamatyala ezibizo (noun cases) amalunga ne-15, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi kwamagama esivakalisini buboniswa ngokutshintsha kwesiphelo segama endaweni yokusebenzisa izihlanganisi okanye izihlomelo zendawo njengoko kunjalo kwisiXhosa. Oku kuthetha ukuba isivakalisi esinye sesiFinishi sinokuba negama elinye elide kakhulu elithwala intsingiselo yesivakalisi esipheleleyo sesiXhosa.
Omnye umahluko obalulekileyo nophawulekayo ngulo: isiXhosa sinenkqubo yezigaba zezibizo (noun classes) ezilawula ukungqinelana kwezivumelanisi zesenzi nesiphawuli kuwo wonke umbhalo okanye isivakalisi. IsiFinishi, ngokuchaseneyo, asinazini (grammatical gender) kwaye asinazo izakhiwo zokuchonga isini njengoko kunjalo nakwizimelabizo zalo (umzekelo, igama elithi "hän" lithetha yena okanye lowo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yindoda okanye ngumfazi). Oku kufuna ukuba umguquleli oyingcali ahlale ebonise umongo ngokucacileyo xa eguqulela ukusuka kwisiXhosa ukuya kwisiFinishi ukuze kuthintelwe nakuphi na ukudideka okanye ukungaqondi kakuhle kwabaphulaphuli.
Imiceli-mngeni Ebalulekileyo Kuguqulelo kunye neSimbo soLwimi
1. Ukuvisisana kweeVawuli (Vowel Harmony): KwisiFinishi, kukho umthetho ongqongqo wokuvisisana kweevawuli ogqiba ukuba zeziphi iivawuli ezinokubakho kwigama elinye kunye nezimamva zalo ezongezelelweyo. Nangona lo ingomnye wemiceli-mngeni yabasebenzi bemibhalo kunye nabaguquleli abaqalayo, umguquleli kufuneka aqonde indlela amagama amatsha enziwa ngayo kwisiFinishi ukuze akwazi ukufumana amagama ahambelanayo nentsingiselo yebali okanye isincoko sesiXhosa ngendlela egudileyo.
2. Izaci namaQhalo: Izaci zesiXhosa zineengcambu ezijolise kubomi bemihla ngemihla baseAfrika, imfuyo, indalo, kunye nezithethe zesiNtu. Ukuguqulela ezi zaci ngqo (word-for-word translation) kwisiFinishi kunokudala izivakalisi ezingenantsingiselo okanye ezihlekisayo kubafundi baseFinland abangayaziyo inkcubeko yaseMzantsi Afrika. Ngoko ke, umguquleli kufuneka afune isaci okanye umzekeliso olinganayo ngentsingiselo kwisiFinishi, umzekelo, xa kuthethwa ngobuntu, uluntu, okanye intlonipho kusapho nakwibutho labantu.
3. Izakhiwo zexesha nezenzi: IsiXhosa sineendlela ezininzi zokubonisa ixesha (past, present, future, perfect, progressive) esebenzisa izivumelanisi zexesha kunye nezimamva zexenzi ezahlukeneyo. IsiFinishi asinayo indlela ecacileyo yexesha elizayo (future tense); endaweni yoko, sisebenzisa ixesha langoku (present tense) kunye nezinye izakhiwo zomongo okanye izinto ezenziwayo (aspect) ukubonisa ukuba isenzo siza kwenzeka kwixesha elizayo. Lo ngumahluko obalulekileyo ofuna uqwalaselo olukhethekileyo ukuze umbhalo ube nengqiqo elungileyo.
Indlela yokuGuqulela eSisebenzayo: Ukuthathela eNkabeni Inkcubeko (Transcreation)
Ukuguqulela okuyimpumelelo akukho malunga nokutshintsha amagama kuphela; kumalunga nokuguqulela inkcubeko, imvakalelo, kunye neenjongo zomlobi. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yi-localization kunye ne-transcreation. Xa uguqulela isiXhosa uya kwisiFinishi, kufuneka uqwalasele oku kulandelayo ukuze umbhalo ube nomgangatho ophezulu:
- Qonda Abaphulaphuli Bakho baseFinland: Abafundi baseFinland baziwa ngokuba ngabantu abathanda ukungabi nagama lininzi elingelilo mfuneko (directness and simplicity). IsiXhosa sinokuba nobuciko, intsomi, kunye neentetho ezinde zokuhombisa umbhalo. Xa uguqulela kwisiFinishi, kusenokufuneka ukuba wenze umbhalo ube ngqo kwaye ube lula ngaphandle kokuphulukana nentsingiselo nengqiqo yantlandolo yombhalo wesiXhosa.
- Izihlanganisi nendawo zentetho: KwisiXhosa, ukusetyenziswa kwezihlanganisi kunye nezikhombisi kubaluleke kakhulu ukudibanisa iingcinga ezahlukeneyo. KwisiFinishi, indlela amagama abekwe ngayo kunye nezimamva zamatyala ezibizo zithatha indawo yezi zihlanganisi zesiXhosa. Kufuneka ulumkele ukungasebenzisi izakhiwo zesiXhosa ngendlela engeyomfuneko emayelana nezivakalisi zesiFinishi, njengoko oku kunokwenza umbhalo ube nzima ukufundwa.
- Ukudala isigama esitsha semiba yale mihla: Kwimiba yetekhnoloji, ezonyango okanye yamathuba anamanje, isiXhosa sisebenzisa amagama abolekiweyo (loanwords) asuka kwisiNgesi okanye kwisiBhulu, kodwa isiFinishi siyakhetha ukuzakhela amagama aso amatsha ngeqhina lentsingiselo (umzekelo, igama elithi "tietokone" elithetha ikhompyutha lona lithetha "umatshini wolwazi" okanye "tietokanta" ethetha i-database).
Iingcebiso zeengcali zokuPhucula uMgangatho weToliko
Ukufikelela kuphuhliso olufanelekileyo kuguqulelo lwesiXhosa ukuya kwisiFinishi, nazi iingcebiso ezibalulekileyo ezivela kubo master babaguquleli:
- Sebenzisa ulwimi lwesithathu njengebhulorho: Nangona kungekho zichazi-magama zininzi ngqo ezisuka kwisiXhosa ukuya kwisiFinishi okanye ukusuka kwisiFinishi ukuya kwisiXhosa, ukusebenzisa isiNgesi njengebhulorho (bridge language) kunokunceda kakhulu. Guqulela umbhalo wesiXhosa uya kwisiNgesi esifanelekileyo kuqala, uze emva koko uwuse kwisiFinishi, kodwa uqinisekise ukuba uhlaziya umbhalo wokugqibela ukuze uqinisekise ukuba inkcubeko yantlandolo kunye nomoya wobuntu awulahlekanga kwinkqubo.
- Funda uncwadi lwesiFinishi kunye nendlela yokibhala: Ukufunda imibhalo eyahlukeneyo yesiFinishi, amapephandaba afana ne-Helsingin Sanomat, kunye neencwadi zoncwadi kuya kukunceda uqonde indlela ababhali bendalo abakha ngayo izivakalisi neengcinga zabo kule mihla.
- Phengulula imisonto yenkcubeko yomibini: Qinisekisa ukuba isimo sengqondo sabantu baseFinland (njengengcamango ye-Sisu - ukuzimisela nokomelela) kunye nendlela abaziphatha ngayo iyahlonishwa kumbhalo oguqulelweyo, ngelixa ugcina ubumnandi nenkcubeko yesiXhosa. Gwema ukuguqulela izithethe zesiXhosa ngendlela enokubanga ukungaqondani okanye ingxabano.
Ukuqukumbela ngeeMpawu ze-SEO kunye neKhonkrithi yokuGuqulela kwi-Intanethi
Kule mihla yedijithali, ukuguqulelwa kwemibhalo kufuneka kubambelele kwimithetho ye-SEO (Search Engine Optimization) ukuba le mibhalo iza kupapashwa kwi-intanethi okanye kwiiwebhusayithi ezahlukeneyo. Xa ubhala umbhalo oguqulelweyo kwisiFinishi, qinisekisa ukuba amagama angundoqo (keywords) abandakanyiwe ngokwendalo ukuze ufikelele kubantu abaninzi. Amagama anjenge "käännös xhosa suomi" (uguqulelo lwesiXhosa kwisiFinishi), "xhosa suomi kääntäjä" (umguquleli wesiXhosa-siFinishi), kunye ne "xhosa kieli" (ulwimi lwesiXhosa) kufuneka afakwe kwiindawo eziphambili zombhalo njengee-headings kunye neeparagrafu zokuqala nembhalo yengcaciso. Oku kunceda ukuba umbhalo wakho ufumaneke lula ziinjini zokukhangela ezinjengeGoogle, uze uncede abantu abafuna ezi nkonzo zokuguqulela ukufumana ulwazi oluchanekileyo, olufanelekileyo nangexetime elifanelekileyo.