Ko te whakawhiti kōrero i waenga i te reo Māori me te reo Katatāni (Catalan) he wero nui, he mahi toi hoki e hono ana i ngā ao e rua e tino matara ana i te taha matawhenua, i te taha ahurea, me te taha whakapapa reo. Ko te reo Māori, he reo nō te kāhui reo o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa (Austronesian), e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hanganga rerenga kōrero ngāwari engari e hohonu ana tōna taha wairua me te tikanga ahurea. I tētahi taha, ko te reo Katatāni he reo Rōmana (Romance language) e kōrerotia ana ki te raki-rawhiti o te Kurae Iberia me ētahi atu rohe o Uropi. Hei whakatutuki i tētahi whakawhiti reo whai hua, me tūhono ngā tohunga reo ki ngā wetereo e rua, me te mārama hoki ki te rerekētanga o ngā tirohanga ao kei muri i ēnei reo e rua.
Ngā Huringa Hanganga me te Wetereo: Mai i te VSO ki te SVO
Ko tētahi o ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i te reo Māori me te reo Katatāni ko te takoto o te rerenga kōrero. I roto i te reo Māori, ko te hanganga noa ko te Tūmahi-Kaimahi-Mea (VSO - Verb-Subject-Object). Hei tauira, "Kua kai te tamaiti i te aporo". I konei, ka tīmata te rerenga ki te tūmahi "kai". Heoi, i roto i te reo Katatāni, ko te hanganga paerewa ko te Kaimahi-Tūmahi-Mea (SVO - Subject-Verb-Object), pērā i te kīanga "El nen ha menjat la poma". Mēnā ka whakawhiti reo ā-kupu noa te tangata, ka heke te kounga o te kōrero, ā, kāhore e mārama ki te hunga kōrero Katatāni. Me whakatika te kaiwhakawhiti reo i te raupapa o ngā kupu kia pai ai te rere o te reo ūnga.
Te Pūnaha Ira me te Whakatāpikitanga: A me O ki te Ira Tāne me te Ira Wāhine
Kāhore he pūnaha ira wetereo (grammatical gender) i roto i te reo Māori mō ngā ingoa whānui, engari kei tōna whanaunga tata, kei te reo Katatāni, he mea nui te ira tāne (masculine) me te ira wāhine (feminine) mō ngā tūpou, ngā ingoa, me ngā tūāhua katoa. I te reo Katatāni, he ira tō ngā mea hanga noa katoa, pērā i te tēpu ("la taula" - ira wāhine) me te pukapuka ("el llibre" - ira tāne). Ko te wero mō te kaiwhakawhiti reo he whakatau i te ira o ngā tūāhua i runga i te kaimahi e kōrerotia ana. I tētahi atu taha, he pūnaha a me o (tāne me te kōwhiringa mana) tō te reo Māori mō ngā nahanaha whanaungatanga me te tāpaetanga, he mea tino rerekē ki te pūnaha Katatāni. Me āta titiro ki te horopaki kia kore ai e ngaro te tino tikanga o te mana me te manaakitanga i te wā o te whakawhiti.
Te Whakatinana i ngā Tikanga: Te Mana o ngā Kupu Māori i te reo Katatāni
Ko te whakawhiti reo ehara i te mea mō ngā kupu noa, engari mō te whakawhiti i te meneti me te wairua o te ahurea. Ko ngā kupu Māori pēnei i te "mana", "tapu", "kaitiakitanga", me te "whakapapa" he hohonu te tikanga ahurea kāhore e taea te whakawhiti ngāwari ki te reo Katatāni ki te kupu kotahi. Mēnā ka whakamahi te kaiwhakawhiti reo i te kupu "respect" rānei "prestige" mō te "mana" i te reo Katatāni, ka ngaro te wairua tapu me te mana tuku iho o te kupu. Mō ēnei āhua kupu, e toru ngā huarahi matua mō te kaiwhakawhiti: te pupuri i te kupu Māori me te tāpiri i tētahi whakamāramatanga poto (hypertext rānei), te rapu i tētahi kupu pātata i te reo Katatāni engari me te whakarerekē i te horopaki (transcreation), te hanga rānei i tētahi kīanga whakamārama e whakaatu ana i te kōrero tūturu.
Ngā Tūtohu Wetereo me ngā Tūmahi: Awhe me te Wā
He mea nui te whakamahi i ngā tūtohu (particles) i te reo Māori hei whakaatu i te awhe me te wā o te tūmahi, pēnei i te "kua", "e... ana", "i", me te "ka". Kāhore ēnei e huri i te hanga o te tūmahi tonu. Heoi, i te reo Katatāni, he tino uaua te pūnaha whakahohe tūmahi (verb conjugation). Ka huri te pito o te kupu tūmahi i runga i te wā (present, past, future, subjunctive) me te tangata (first, second, third person, singular/plural). No reira, me tino matatau te kaiwhakawhiti ki te wetewete i te tūtohu Māori hei whakatau i te āhua tika o te tūmahi Katatāni. Hei tauira, ko te "E kōrero ana ahau" ka huri hei "Estic parlant" (present continuous) rānei hei "Parlo" (present simple) i runga i te horopaki tūturu o te rerenga kōrero.
Ngā Tohu Āwhina Matua mō te Whakawhiti Reo Whai Hua
Anei ētahi tohutohu nui mō ngā kaiwhakawhiti reo e mahi ana i waenga i ēnei reo motuhake e rua:
- Mārama ki te Horopaki: Kaua rawa e whakawhiti kupu noa. Me pānui katoa te tuhinga kia mārama ai te wairua me te kaupapa matua i mua i te tīmatanga o te tuhi.
- Whakawhanakehia te Pātengi Kupu Ahurea: Me whakatakoto he rārangi kupu tohutoro mō ngā kupu matua o te ao Māori me ngā rerekētanga i te ao Katatāni.
- Whakamahia te Hātepe Whakawhiti Ahurea (Transcreation): Kia māia ki te whakarerekē i te hanganga o te kīanga i te reo Katatāni kia puta ai te reo māori me te whai mana o te rerenga kōrero.
- Arotakehia e tētahi Kaititiro Reo Whenua: Me arotake te tuhinga Katatāni e tētahi kōrero-whānau (native speaker) o te reo Katatāni hei whakarite i te māhorahora o te kupu me te kore o ngā hapa wetereo.
Te Hātepe Arahi Whakawhiti Reo: He Mahere Mahi mō te Whai Kaha
Hei whakangāwari i te mahi, he pai te whai i tētahi mahere mahi whai kiko. Kei raro nei tētahi taumata mahi hei whai mā te kaiwhakawhiti reo:
| Wāhanga Mahi | Whakaahuatanga o te Mahi | Kaupapa Matua |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Wetewete Horopaki | Te pānui me te wāhi i te ahurea o te tuhinga Māori taketake. | Te tautuhi i ngā kupu ahurea pēnei i te mana me te tapu. |
| 2. Huringa Wetereo | Te huri i te hanganga VSO o te reo Māori ki te hanganga SVO o te reo Katatāni. | Te whakarite i te raupapa tika o te kaimahi me te tūmahi. |
| 3. Whakahāngai Wetereo Katatāni | Te whiriwhiri i te ira tika me te whakahohenga tūmahi e tika ana. | Te whakatau i te wā (tense) me te awhe (aspect) o te tūmahi. |
| 4. Transcreation me te Whakatika | Te whakakoi i te reo kia māhorahora te rongo ki te taringa Katatāni. | Te arotake kia kore ai e ngaro te hā o te ao Māori taketake. |
I te mutunga iho, ko te whakawhiti reo mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Katatāni he huarahi whakawhiti i te auaha me te mātauranga. I te mea he reo tohungatanga te reo Māori mō ngā taonga tuku iho o Te Ao Māori, me te reo Katatāni hei waka mō te ahurea kaha o Catalonia, ko te hononga o ēnei reo e rua he tohu mō te whakaute me te tūhonotanga o ngā iwi taketake me ngā iwi iti o te ao. Mā te whai i ēnei tikanga, tohutohu wetereo, me te āta arotahi ki ngā nuances o ia reo, ka taea te whakaputa tuhinga tino kounga e whakaute ana i ngā reo e rua.