Kushandurwa kwemashoko kubva pane mumwe mutauro kuenda kune mumwe chirongwa chinoda unyanzvi hwakadzama, zvikuru kana mitauro yacho yakasiyana zvakanyanya semutauro wechiShona nemutauro wechiJapani. ChiShona mutauro wechiBantu unotaurwa muZimbabwe nedzimwe nzvimbo dzemuAfrica, uine chimiro chakaumbwa nekuwedzerwa kwezvivakashure nezvivakazvirungamene. Kune rimwe divi, chiJapani mutauro unozivikanwa nekushandisa zviratidzi zvakakosha zvinonzi "particles," nzira dzakasiyana dzekuremekedza, uye chimiro chemitsara chakasiyana zvakanyanya nechechiShona. Chinyorwa ichi chinotsanangura nzira, matambudziko, nemazano anobatsira vashanduri vari kuita basa iri rakakosha rebhiriji remitsara nemagariro.
Musiyano Wakakura Pachimiro Chemitauro: SVO neSOV
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kunetsa pakushandura kubva pachiShona kuenda pachiJapani ndiko kusiyana kwechimiro chemitsara. ChiShona chinotevera chimiro chemutauro chinonzi Subject-Verb-Object (SVO). Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutsara unotanga neanoita chiito, kuteverwa nechiito chacho, kozouya chinenge chaitwa chiito ichocho. Semuyenzaniso, mumutsara unoti: "Mwana anodya apuro," "Mwana" ndiye subject, "anodya" ndicho verb, uye "apuro" ndiro object.
Kune rimwe divi, chiJapani chinoshandisa chimiro cheSubject-Object-Verb (SOV). Mutsara unotanga neanoita chiito, kuchiteverwa nechinenge chaitwa chiito, uye chiito chinouya kumagumo emutsara zvachose. Mumutauro wechiJapani, mutsara uyu unonyorwa richinzi: "Mwana apuro anodya" (Kodomo wa ringo o tabemasu). Kana mushanduri akasaona musiyano uyu, zviri nyore kwazvo kunyora mitsara isina kurongeka zvakanaka. Vashanduri vanofanira kudzidzira pfungwa dzekufunga nechimiro chechiJapani kuitira kuti mashoko abude zvakanaka uye zvine musoro kune vanoverenga mutauro wechiJapani.
Zvikamu Zvezvikwata Zvemazita (Noun Classes) neZviratidzi ZvechiJapani (Particles)
Mutauro wechiShona une zvikwata zvemazita zvine mukurumbira zvinonzi noun classes (mupanda wezita). Mupanda wezita wega wega unotungamira kuti zvisungo, zvirevo, uye zvipauro zvinotevera zvichange zvakaita sei. Semuyenzaniso, mazita ari mumupanda 1 (vanhu) akadai sekuti "munhu" anoshandisa chisungo chekuti "u-", nepo ari mumupanda 2 (vanhu vazhinji) akadai sekuti "vanhu" achishandisa "va-". Chimiro ichi chinoita kuti chiShona chive nemubatanidzwa wemashoko wakasimba (concordial agreement).
Asi mumutauro wechiJapani, zvinhu zvakasiyana zvachose. ChiJapani hachina mapanda emazita akadai, uye hachina musiyano wekuti iri izita remunhu, remhuka, kana remuti munzira inoshandiswa nechiShona. Pane kudaro, chiJapani chinoshandisa zvimedu zvemashoko zvinonzi "particles" (zvakadai se "wa", "ga", "o", "ni", "de") kumira mushure memazita kuitira kuratidza basa rezita iroro mumutsara. Kuti uone kuti ndiani ari kuita chiito kana kuti chiito chiri kuitirwa papi, unofanira kushandisa particle kwayo. Kana mushanduri achibvisa mutsara kubva pachiShona achienda pachiJapani, anofanira kushandura mupanda wezita wechiShona kuita particle yakakodzera yechiJapani kuitira kuti mutsara uve nechinangwa chakarurama.
Kuremekedza neMadimikira (Honorifics nePoliteness Registers)
Kuremekedza chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru mutsika nemagariro emutauro wechiShona newechiJapani. MuShona anoshandisa chiito chekuwanzira (plural form) pakutaura nemunhu mukuru kana anoremekedzwa. Semuyenzaniso, panzvimbo yekuti "uri kuenda kupi?", unoti "muri kuenda kupi?" kuratidza ruremekedzo. Zvakadaro, mitsara inochengetedza ruremekedzo rwakadzama isina zvakawanda zvakasiyana pachimiro chaye sewechiShona.
Kunyange zvakadaro, chiJapani chine hurongwa hwakaoma zvikuru hweruremekedzo hunonzi "Keigo." Hurongwa uhwu hwakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: Teineigo (kutaura kwakajairika kune ruremekedzo), Sonkeigo (kushandisa mashoko anokudza munhu wauri kutaura naye), neKenjougo (kushandisa mashoko anozvininipisa iwe pachako). Kushandisa Keigo isina kukodzera kunogona kuonekwa sekusaremekedza kana kukonzera kusanzwisisana kukuru mumabhizimisi kana muhukama hwevanhu. Mushanduri anofanira kuziva hukama huri pakati pevanhu vari kutaurwa mubumbiro rechiShona kuitira kuti asarudze mwero weKeigo wakakodzera paanenge achinyora muchiJapani.
Kushandurwa Kwezvirevo neTsumo (Translating Idioms and Proverbs)
Tsumo nemadimikira ndiwo hwaro hwemutauro wechiShona. Kutaura kwechiShona kwakapfuma kwazvo nemashoko anomiririra tsika, hupenyu hwemumaruwa, mhuka, nemamiriro ekunze. Semuyenzaniso, tsumo inoti: "Kusiri kufa ndekupi, asiri mashoko ndemapi?" inoreva kuti chero zvakaipa zvikaitika zviri nani pane kusaita chinhu zvachose. Kana mushanduri akaedza kushandura mutsara uyu nenzira inotora izwi neizwi kuenda muchiJapani, zvichashaya revo zvachose kune anoverenga muJapani nekuti tsika nemagariro ezvitsuwa zvechiJapani zvakasiyana nekumaruwa eZimbabwe.
Kuti abudirire, mushanduri anofanira kushandusa nzira inonzi "transcreation" kana kuti localization. Izvi zvinoreva kutsvaga dimikira kana tsumo yechiJapani ine revo yakafanana (equivalent meaning) pane kungoshandura mashoko zvakaoma. Somuenzaniso, pfungwa yekutsungirira nematambudziko ine tsumo dzechiJapani dzakawanda dzakabatana nekurima mupunga kana nemhepo inovhuvhuta muzvitsuwa zvavo. Mushanduri anofanira kuva neruzivo rwakadzama rwezvekugarisana kwevanhu vemitauro yese miviri kuitira kuti atore mweya nechinangwa chetsumo yechiShona oisanganisa nechimiro chemutauro wechiJapani pasina kurasikirwa nerevo yepakutanga.
Mazano Anobatsira Vashanduri Kuti Vaite Basa Rakanaka
Kuti ugone kuita basa rekushandura chiShona kuenda kuchiJapani nemazvo, unofanira kutevera mazano anotevera kuitira kuve nechokwadi chekuti basa rako rinosvika pamwero vepamusoro:
- Kudzidza tsika nemagariro emitauro miviri: Mutauro hausi mashoko chete, asi chiratidzo chetsika dzevanhu. Kuti unzwisise madimikira nehurongwa hwemashoko, unofanira kudzidza tsika dzevaShona nedzevaJapani zvakadzama.
- Kushandisa zvishandiso zvemazuva ano zveunyanzvi: Vashanduri vanofanira kushandisa maduramazwi akavimbika nemagwaro anotariswa nevanhu vemitauro iyi kuitira kururamisira zviperengo nemashandisirwo emashoko matsva.
- Kunzvenga kushandura izwi neizwi: Shandura pfungwa nemanzwiro emutsara, kwete kungotevedzera mashoko sezvaari mumutauro wekutanga. Kushandura shoko ne shoko kunoita kuti basa rioneke serakagadzirwa nemuchina usingafungi.
- Kuverenga nekuvandudza basa: Mushure mekushandura, verenga chinyorwa chako chechiJapani kuti uone kana chiri kuyerera zvakanaka uye zviri nyore kunzwisisa kune munhu anotaura chiJapani semutauro wake wekubereka.
Kushandura kubva pachiShona kuenda pachiJapani inzira inonakidza uye ine zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda, asi nekushandisa mazano ari muchinyorwa chino uye nekuva nerudo rwekudzidza, vashanduri vanogona kuburitsa basa rakachena kwazvo rinovaka bhiriji rekunzwisana pakati petsika idzi mbiri dzakasiyana zvachose.