Ko te whakawhiti reo i waenga i te reo Māori me te reo Pōhinia (Bosnian) he ara whakahirahira e tūhono ai tētahi reo nō te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki tētahi reo nō te rāwhiti o Ūropi. He wero nui tēnei mā te kaiwhakamaori i te mea he rerekē rawakore ngā whakapapa o ēnei reo e rua. Ko te reo Māori he reo nō te whānau Aotere-oniana (Austronesian), e tohuhia ana e te whakamahi i ngā kaimahi māmā me te hanganga rerenga kupu whai raupapa motuhake. I tētahi taha, ko te reo Pōhinia he reo Slavic nō te whānau Indo-European, he reo matatini e whakawhirinaki ana ki te huringa o te kupu (inflection), ngā tūāhua wetereo e whitu (cases), me te ira o ngā tūingoa katoa. Ma tēnei tuhinga matua e whakaatu ngā aratohu, ngā matū o te wetereo, me ngā tohu ahurea hei whakatutuki i tētahi whakawhiti reo kounga teitei.
Te Whakataurite i te Hanga Rerenga Kupu: VSO ki te SVO
Ko te rerekētanga matua e kitea tonutia ana e te kaiwhakamaori ko te hanganga o te rerenga kupu. I te reo Māori, ko te nuinga o ngā kīanga ka whai i te raupapa Tūmahi-Tāhū-Ahanoa (VSO). Hei tauira, ina kōrero tātou mō tētahi mahi pēnei i te kai aporo a tētahi tamaiti tane: "Kua kai te tamaiti i te aporo." Anei te tūmahi (Kua kai) te tuatahi, ka whai ake ko te tāhū (te tamaiti), ā, ko te ahanoa (i te aporo) kei te pito mutunga.
Ina huri tēnei ki te reo Pōhinia, me whakarite te rerenga kupu ki te hanganga Tāhū-Tūmahi-Ahanoa (SVO). Ko taua korero i runga ake nei ka huri hei: "Dječak je pojeo jabuku." Ko te "Dječak" (the boy) te tāhū, ko te "je pojeo" (ate) te tūmahi, ā, ko te "jabuku" (the apple) te ahanoa. Ki te whai te kaiwhakamaori i te hanganga wetereo Māori ki roto i te reo Pōhinia, ka uaua te mārama o te tangata whenua ki te tikanga o taua kīanga. No reira, he mea nui kia mohio ki tēnei huringa hanganga.
Ko te Matatini o te Wetereo Pōhinia: Ngā Tūāhua e Whitu
Ko te tino wero wetereo mō te kaipānui Māori, mō te kaiwhakamaori rānei, ko te nahanaha o ngā tūāhua (cases) i roto i te reo Pōhinia. I te reo Māori, ka whakamahia ngā kaimahi pēnei i te "i", "ki", "hei", "mā", "nā" hei tohu i te hononga o te kupu ki te tūmahi. I te reo Pōhinia, kāhore e whakamahia ēnei kaimahi i ngā wā katoa; engari, ka whakarerekētia te pito o te kupu tūingoa (noun suffix). Anei te tapahi me te hāngaitanga o ēnei tūāhua e whitu ki te ao Māori:
- Nominativ (Te Tāhū): Ka whakamahia mō te kaupapa o te rerenga. Kāhore he kaimahi i te reo Māori mō tēnei. Hei tauira, Dječak (te tamaiti tane).
- Genitiv (Te Whai Pānga): E hāngai ana ki te "a" me te "o" o te reo Māori. Hei tauira, e tohu ana i te rangatiratanga, te wāhanga rānei o tētahi mea (knjiga dječaka - te pukapuka a te tamaiti tane).
- Dativ (Te Ahunga): Ka hāngai ki te "ki" hei tohu i te kaiwhakawhiwhi, i te ahunga rānei o te mahi (dati dječaku - hoatu ki te tamaiti tane).
- Akuzativ (Te Ahanoa): Ka hāngai ki te "i" e tohu ana i te mea e pāngia ana e te tūmahi. Hei tauira, ko te "jabuku" i roto i te rerenga "pojeo jabuku" (kua kai i te aporo).
- Vokativ (Te Karanga): Ka hāngai ki te kaimahi karanga "e" i te reo Māori (hei tauira, E te hoa! ka huri hei Prijatelju! i te reo Pōhinia).
- Lokativ (Te Wāhi): Ka whakamahia hei whakaatu i te wāhi e tū ai te mahi, e hāngai ana ki te "i", "kei", "hei" rānei o te reo Māori.
- Instrumental (Te Taputapu): E hāngai ana ki te "mā" rānei, ki te "me" rānei ina kōrerohia tētahi taputapu, tētahi hoa haere rānei (putovati s dječakom - haere tahi me te tamaiti tane).
Te Ira wetereo (Grammatical Gender)
I te reo Māori, kāhore he ira o ngā tūingoa. E kore te kupu "tamaiti" rānei, "whare" rānei e whakarerekē i ōna tūtohu ahakoa he tāne, he wāhine rānei. Ko te reo Pōhinia ia, e mātua whakarite ana kia toru ngā ira mō ia tūingoa: ko te tāne (muški), ko te wāhine (ženski), me te tauhohe (srednji). Ahakoa te ahua o te mea, pēnei i te pukapuka (knjiga - he wāhine) te tepu rānei (stol - he tāne), me whakarite te kaiwhakamaori kia tika te whakarerekē i te kupu tūāhua (adjective) me te tūmahi e pā ana ki taua tūingoa. He wero nui tēnei mō te hunga kāhore i waia ki ngā reo Slavic.
Te Whakawhiti i te Wairua o te Ao Māori
Ko te reo Māori he reo e kī ana i ngā ariā hohonu pēnei i te mana, tapu, kaitiakitanga, me te tino rangatiratanga. Kāhore he kupu kotahi i roto i te reo Pōhinia e hāngai tika ana ki ēnei ariā. Hei tauira, ki te whakamaoritia te kupu "kaitiakitanga" hei "zaštita" (protection), ka ngaro te hononga wairua ki ngā tīpuna me te taiao e mau ana i te reo Māori.
Mo tēnei, e rua ngā huarahi e taea ai te whai:
- Te pupuri i te kupu Māori me te tuhipoka: Ka taea te pupuri i te kupu "kaitiakitanga" ki roto i te tuhinga Pōhinia hei kaitiakitanga (ki te momo kupu hangai/italics), me te whakauru i tētahi kupu whakamārama poto i te taha, i te pito rānei o te whārangi.
- Te whakarite horopaki: Me rapu te kupu Pōhinia e whai ana i te wairua o te rerenga korero. Ki te pā ana te korero ki te manaaki taiao, ka taea te whakamahi i te kīanga "ekološko starateljstvo" (ecological guardianship) hei whakaatu i te tikanga hohonu ki te hunga kōrero Pōhinia.
Pūmanawa mō te Kaiwhakamaori: Tohu Awhina Nui
Hei whakatairanga i te kounga o tō whakawhiti reo mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Pōhinia, me whai i ēnei tikanga matua:
- Kia maumahara ki te āhua o te tūmahi (Verb Aspect): I te reo Pōhinia, he mea nui kia mōhio mēnā he mahi kua oti katoa (perfective) he mahi kei te haere tonu rānei (imperfective). Me hono tēnei ki ngā tinana wā o te reo Māori pēnei i te "kua" me te "e... ana".
- Tuhia mō te kaipānui: Whakaarohia te hunga ka pānui i te tuhinga i te reo Pōhinia. Me whakamahi i ngā kupu e tata ana ki tō rātou rārangi kupu o ia rā, engari kaua e whakarere i te tikanga tapu o te reo Māori.
- Te arotake takitoru: I muri i te whakawhiti reo, me mātua tuku te tuhinga ki tētahi tohunga reo Pōhinia me tētahi tohunga ao Māori hei tirotiro i te māhorahora me te tika o te tuhinga.