Ko te whakawhiti reo mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Romania he ara whakahirahira e hono ana i tētahi reo taketake nō te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki tētahi reo Rōmana nō te rāwhiti o Europi. He mahi uaua, he mahi mīharo hoki, no te mea he tino rerekē ngā tuākiri ahurea, ngā hanganga wetereo, me ngā tirohanga ao o ēnei iwi e rua. Ki te hiahia tētahi kaiwhakawhiti reo ki te whakatutuki i tēnei mahi i runga i te tika me te pono, me mārama ia ki ngā kōrero hōhonu o ia reo, kaua e whakawhiti kupu noa iho, engari me whakawhiti te wairua me te mauri o te kōrero.
I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka matapakihia ngā rerekētanga wetereo, ngā wero ā-ahurea, me ngā tohutohu whaihua hei āwhina i ngā kaiwhakawhiti reo e whai ana ki te hono i te reo Māori ki te reo Romania. Mā tēnei e wātea ai te huarahi ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero e whai mana ana, e mārama ana hoki ki ngā hapori e rua.
1. Ngā Rerekētanga Wetereo me te Hanganga Whakahaere
Ko tētahi o ngā wero nui rawa atu i te whakawhiti mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Romania ko te rerekētanga nui o te hanganga wetereo. Ko te reo Māori he reo tūmahi-tūmuri-tūpou (VSO - Verb-Subject-Object), ko tōna tūāpapa he whakamahi i ngā kīanga kaimahi me ngā kīanga wāhi hei whakatau i te wā me te tūnga o te kōrero. Kāore he piko, he whakatika rānei i ngā kupu hei whakaatu i te tūnga o te kupu (declension), engari ka whakamahia ngā tūtohu (particles) pērā i te 'e', 'i', 'ki', me te 'a'.
Tena hoki, ko te reo Romania he reo nō te whānau Rōmana (Romance languages), ā, ko tōna raupapatanga kupu matua ko te tūpou-tūmahi-tūmuri (SVO - Subject-Verb-Object). Ko tētahi āhuatanga motuhake o te reo Romania ko tōna punaha whakaheke kupu (case system). E rima ngā tūnga o te tūpou me te tūingoa i roto i te reo Romania: ko te Nominative, te Accusative, te Genitive, te Dative, me te Vocative. Ki te kore te kaiwhakawhiti e mārama ki ēnei tūnga, ka ngaro te whaihua o te rerenga kōrero ina hurihia ki te reo Romania.
I tua atu, he tino rerekē ngā tohu ira (gender markers). I roto i te reo Māori, kāore he tohu ira i runga i ngā tūingoa, i ngā tūāhua rānei. Heoi ano, i te reo Romania, he ira tā ngā tūingoa katoa (he tāne, he wahine, he kūpapa rānei), ā, me whakarerekē ngā tūāhua (adjectives) me ngā tūtohu kia hāngai ki te ira o te tūingoa. Hei tauira, ko te kupu 'atamira' i te reo Māori, ina whakamāoritia ki te reo Romania (scenă), he wahine taua kupu, no reira me whakamahi i ngā kupu hono e hāngai ana ki te ira wahine.
He wero anō kei ngā tūpou whaiaro. He tino taonga te reo Māori ki ngā tūpou taumata e toru: te kotahi (singular), te tokorua (dual), me te tokomaha (plural), tae atu ki te wehewehe i te 'tātou' (inclusive) me te 'mātou' (exclusive). I te reo Romania, kāore he 'dual' (tokorua) e motuhake ana, ā, kāore hoki he wehewehenga i waenga i te inclusive me te exclusive 'we' (noi). Me matua tirotiro te kaiwhakawhiti i te horopaki kia kore ai e heke te tika o te kōrero ina whiriwhiri i te tūpou Romania tika.
2. Te Whakawhiti Ahurea: Mai i te Ao Māori ki te Spiritualitate Românească
Ko te whakawhiti reo kāore i te pā ki ngā kupu wetereo anake; he hononga nui tēnei i waenga i ngā ahurea e rua. I roto i te reo Māori, he maha ngā kupu he hōhonu rawa te mātāpono ahurea, pērā i te 'mana', te 'tapu', te 'mauri', te 'whanaungatanga', me te 'kaitiakitanga'. Kāore he kupu kotahi i roto i te reo Romania e taea te whakaatu i te tino tikanga o ēnei kupu.
Ina whakamāoritia ēnei ariā ki te reo Romania, me whai te kaiwhakawhiti i ngā rautaki pērā i ēnei:
- Te whakamārama i te kupu taketake: Te pupuri i te kupu Māori (pērā i te 'kaitiakitanga') i roto i te tuhinga Romania, me te taapiri i tētahi whakamārama poto i roto i te piko (tiaki taiao, tiaki ahurea rānei, pērā i te 'custodie' rānei 'protecție a mediului cu respect spiritual').
- Te rapu kupu rite i te ahurea Romania: Ahakoa he rerekē, he ariā wairua anō to te iwi Romania pērā i te kupu 'dor' (he momo hiahia, he tūmanako wairua rānei mo tētahi tangata, kāinga rānei) me te 'dor de mamă' rānei, e tata ana ki te 'aroha' me te 'ahunga wairua'. Mā te whakamahi i ngā kupu Romania e mau ana te hōhonutanga o te wairua e taea ai te hono i ngā tohutoro wairua Māori.
- Te karo i te whakapāha noa iho: Kaua e whakaiti i te tikanga o te kupu Māori ki te kupu ngāwari noa o te reo Romania ki te kore e whakamāramahia te horopaki huri noa i taua kaupapa.
3. Ngā Tūmahi me te Aro ki te Wā (Aspect vs. Tense)
He tino rerekē te mahi a te tūmahi i roto i ngā reo e rua. I te reo Māori, ka whakamahia ngā tohu wā (aspect markers) pērā i te 'kua', 'kei te', 'e... ana', 'kāhore anō... kia' hei whakaatu i te āhua o te mahi (kua oti, kei te haere tonu rānei), kaua ko te wā tonu (past, present, future) e pēnei ana i te reo Romania. Ko te wā tonu o te reo Māori e whakatauhia ana e te horopaki whānui.
Ki te taha ki te reo Romania, he tino matatini te punaha tūmahi. He maha ngā tohu wā (tenses) me ngā tohu āhua (moods) pērā i te 'indicativ', 'conjunctiv', 'condițional-optativ', me te 'imperativ'. Me tohu hoki he mahi rerekē tā te 'perfect compus' (past complete) me te 'imperfect' (past ongoing). No reira, ina whakawhiti te kaiwhakawhiti i tētahi tūmahi Māori pērā i te 'kua haere ia', me ata whiriwhiri mehemea ko te Romania 'a plecat' (perfect compus) rānei, ko te 'pleca' (imperfect) rānei e tika ana, i runga ano i te roanga me te horopaki o te mahi i roto i te tuhinga taketake.
4. Ngā Tohutohu Whaihua mō te Kaiwhakawhiti Reo
Mō te hunga e hiahia ana ki te whakatutuki i tētahi whakamāoritanga kounga tiketike mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Romania, koinei ētahi tohutohu matua hei whai mā koutou:
- Whakawhanakehia te Māramatanga Ahurea: I mua i te tīmata, me matua rangahau i ngā āhuatanga pūrākau, ngā kōrero tuku iho, me ngā pūtake o ngā kupu Māori e whakamahia ana. He mea nui kia kaua e huri i te wairua Māori ki tētahi ahua Pākehā i mua i te hurihanga ki te reo Romania.
- Arohia te Raupapa Kupu: Kia tupato ki te whakawhiti mai i te VSO ki te SVO. Me whakarite kia rere pai te reo Romania, kaua e whai i te hanganga Māori ki te hanga rerenga kōrero Romania e ahua rerekē ana ki te hunga rongo.
- Whakamahia he Kaiwhakatika Romania taketake: Kia oti te whakamāori, me tuku te tuhinga Romania ki tētahi tangata nō Romania tonu tōna reo tuatahi (native speaker) hei panui, hei whakatika i ngā kīangaoro (idioms) me te rere o te reo.
- Rārangi Kupu Motuhake (Glossary): Waihangahia he rārangi kupu motuhake mō ngā ariā matua o te ao Māori me o rātou ritenga, whakamāramatanga rānei i te reo Romania hei pupuri i te tauritenga o ngā tuhinga roa.
5. Ngā Tohu Tāpiri me te Whakahua Kupu: Tohutō me te Diacritics
Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga e tata ana ngā reo e rua ko te whakamahi i ngā tohu tāpiri ki runga i ngā reta, ahakoa he rerekē ngā mahi a ēnei tohu. I te reo Māori, he mea nui te tohutō (macron) hei whakaatu i te tangi roa o te vauera (a, e, i, o, u vs. ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Ki te kore e whakamahia te tohutō, ka taea te whakarerekē te tikanga o te kupu (hei tauira, 'kekeno' - seal vs. 'kēkeno' - to slide). Ki te kore e whai i tēnei taha, ka hē te māramatanga a te kaiwhakawhiti i te kōrero taketake.
I te reo Romania, he maha ngā tohu motuhake (diacritics) pērā i te 'ă', 'â', 'î', 'ș', me te 'ț'. He reta motuhake ēnei i roto i te arapū Romania, e whakarerekē ana i te whakahua me te wetereo. Mēnā kei te whakawhiti te kaiwhakawhiti i te reo Māori ki te reo Romania, me tino whakarite ia kei te tika te tuhi o ēnei tohu Romania katoa. Ko te kore e tuhi i ngā diacritics i roto i te reo Romania he tohu o te mahi pahekeheke, ā, ka uaua ake te panui a te iwi e whai ana i te tuhinga.
6. Te Ngana ki te Whakaata i te Rere o te Reo Whakataukī
E mōhiotia ana te reo Māori mō tōna āhua kōrero ataahua, kī tonu i te whakataukī (proverbs) me te kīwaha (colloquialisms). He pēnei anō te reo Romania, he reo e aroha ana ki te toi o te kōrero, te pūrākau, me te pepeha ahurea (proverbe românești). Ina matapaki tētahi tuhinga Māori i tētahi kaupapa ma te whakamahi i te pepeha, kaua te kaiwhakawhiti e whakamāori ā-kupu noa. Engari, me rapu ia i tētahi pepeha Romania e kawe ana i taua whakaaro kotahi.
Hei tauira, ko te pepeha Māori 'Mā te huruhuru te manu ka rere' (With feathers the bird flies) ka taea te whakawhiti ki te reo Romania mā te whakamahi i tētahi kīanga e hāngai ana ki te mahi tahi, ki te tautoko rānei, pērā i te 'Unde-s mulți, puterea crește' (Where there are many, strength increases) rānei, i runga ano i te tino pūtake o te kōrero. Heoi, mehemea he hōhonu rawa te hononga ki te taiao Māori, he pai ake te pupuri i te kupu Māori me te whakamārama i tōna tikanga ā-ahurea kia mau tonu ai te ahurei o te tuhinga ki tōna ake ao.