Kushandurwa kwemutauro weChishona kuenda kuChiPersian (Farsi) ibasa rakaoma asi rine mubayiro mukuru kwazvo. ChiShona mutauro wemuAfrica weBantu unotaurwa nevanhu vanodarika mamiriyoni gumi nemashanu, kunyanya muZimbabwe, ukuwo chiPersian uri mutauro weIndo-European unotaurwa nevanhu vanodarika mamiriyoni zana nemakumi maviri muIran, Afghanistan, neTajikistan. Kuendesa pfungwa kubva pane mumwe mutauro uchienda kune mumwe hakusi kungoshandura mazwi chete; zvinoda nzwisiso yakadzama yezvivakwa zvemutauro, zvinyorwa, uye tsika dzenyika dzose dziri mbiri. Gwaro rino richatarisa zvakadzama matanho, zvipingamupinyi, nemazano anobatsira vashanduri kuti vave nehunyanzvi pane iri basa.
Kuenzanisa Zvimiro zveMitauro yeChishona neChiPersian
Kuti mushanduri abudirire, anofanira kutanga anzwisisa musiyano mukuru uripo pakati pezvivakwa zvemitauro iyi miviri. ChiShona chinoshandisa chimiro chemutsara chinoti Subject-Verb-Object (SVO). Semuyenzaniso, mumutsara unoti: "Mukomana akaverenga bhuku," "Mukomana" ndiye Subject (Musoro wemutsara), "akaverenga" ndiyo Verb (Chiito), uye "bhuku" ndiro Object (Chaitwa). Izvi zvakasiyana zvachose nechiPersian chinoshandisa chimiro che Subject-Object-Verb (SOV). Mumutauro wechiPersian, chiito chinogara chiri kumugumo kwemutsara. Kushandura mutsara wechiShona uyu kuenda kuchiPersian kunoda kuti mushanduri aendeze chiito kumagumo emutsara kuitira kuti unzwisiseke zvakanaka uye uve wechisikigo kune vanoverenga chiPersian.
Pamusoro pezvo, chiShona mutauro unotsamira pazvikamu zvemazita (noun classes). Mitauro yeBantu inozivikanwa nekugovanisa mazita muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana kubva pachikamu 1 kusvika pa21, zvichienderana nekuti zita racho munhu, chinhu, mhuka, kana pfungwa. Izvi zvikamu zvinodzora mashandiro anoita zvisazitasingwi nezviito mumutsara kuburikidza nekubvumirana kwezvivakamberi (concordial agreement). Kune rumwe rutivi, chiPersian hachina zvikamu zvemazita zvakawanda kudaro uye hachina zvakare mhando yechikadzi kana yechirume (gender-neutral pronouns). Mushanduri anofanira kungwarira kuti asarasikirwa netsanangudzo neukama huri pakati pemazita nezviito paanochinja chimiro ichi kubva kuChishona kuenda kuchiPersian.
Musiyano weMavara neKunyora
Imwe yenhanho huru yekutanga pakushandura kubva kuChishona kuenda kuchiPersian ndeyekubata nemavara ekunyora. ChiShona chinoshandisa mavara eLatin (Latin alphabet) ayo akajairika mumitauro mizhinji yepasi rose. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kunyora nekuverenga kune vanoziva mavara aya. Zvisinei, chiPersian chinoshandisa mavara ePerso-Arabic (Persian alphabet) ayo anonyorwa kubva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe (Right-to-Left). Izvi zvinoreva kuti vashanduri vanofanira kushandisa michina yemakombiyuta yakagadzirirwa kutsigira kunyora kwakadai (RTL layout support).
Kunyora kwechiPersian kune zvakare mimwe mitemo yakasiyana, seyakadai yekubatanidza mavara paanenge achinyorwa. Rimwe vara rinogona kuchinja chimiro zvichienderana nekuti riri pakutanga, pakati, kana kumagumo kweshoko. Mushanduri weChishona anofanira kuve anoziva tsika dzekunyora idzi kuti aone kuti zvinyorwa zvakashandurwa zvakarurama uye zvinoratidzika nenzira yehunyanzvi. Kudzokorora kuverenga (proofreading) kwakakosha zvikuru munhanho iyi kuitira kudzivisa zvikanganiso zvezviperengo nechimiro chezvinyorwa zvakaburitswa.
Kushandurwa kweTsika, Tsumo, neMadimikira
Mutauro wega wega une tsika dzawo uye tsumo dzinomiririra hupenyu hwevanhu vanoutaura. Muenzaniso wakanaka ndewekuti mumagariro eZimbabwe, pane tsumo zhinji dzinobva pane zvipfuyo, kurima, nemasikirwo ezvinhu. Muenzaniso wetsumo yechiShona inoti: "Kusiri kwako ndokusiri kwako, kunyangwe ukatevedza rukova hauna kwaunosvika," inotaura nezvekusava muridzi wenzvimbo kana chinhu chisiri chako. Kushandura tsumo yakadai zvakananga (literal translation) kuenda kuchiPersian kunogona kuita kuti mutsara uve usina musoro kune muverengi wechiPersian.
Mushanduri ane hunyanzvi anofanira kuita chinonzi 'transcreation' kana kuti kushandura zvichibva patsika. Pane kuti ashandure shoko neshoko, mushanduri anofanira kutsvaga tsumo yechiPersian inopa chirevo chimwe chete kana chakafanana. Tsika dzechiPersian dzine hupfumi hukuru hwenhetembo nemabhuku anobva kune vanyori vane mukurumbira vakadai saHafez, Rumi, naSaadi. Kazhinji, kune tsumo dzechiPersian dzinotsanangura pfungwa dzekuzvininipisa, kuremekedza vakuru, uye huchenjeri hwehupenyu dzinogona kuenzaniswa netadzo dzechiShona. Izvi zvinoda kuti mushanduri ave munhu anoziva zvakadzama tsika dzeZimbabwe nedzeIran kana Persia.
Matambudziko Anowanzosangana neVashanduri veChishona neChiPersian
Kushaikwa kwemaduramazwi (dictionaries) anoturikira zvakananga kubva kuChishona kuenda kuchiPersian ndiro rimwe rematambudziko makuru aripo parizvino. Kazhinji, vashanduri vanosungirwa kushandisa mutauro wechitatu wepakati, sekushandisa chirungu (English) se "bridge language". Semuyenzaniso, mushanduri anotanga ashandura kubva kuChishona kuenda kuChirungu, uye zvino kubva kuChirungu kuenda kuchiPersian. Kunyangwe nzira iyi ichibatsira, inogona kuunza zvikanganiso zvakawanda nekuti pfungwa dzinogona kurasika munhanho imwe neimwe yekushandura.
Kuti vakurire dambudziko iri, vashanduri vanofanira:
- Kuve nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemutauro wepakati (kazhinji Chirungu) uye kungwarira madimikira anogona kukanganisa shanduro yechiPersian yepakutanga.
- Kushandusa maduramazwi eChishona-Chirungu uye Chirungu-Persian ane mukurumbira kuitira kuenzanisa tsananguro dzezvirevo zvakasiyana.
- Kubvunza nyanzvi dzemutauro mune vose vari vaviri kuti vaone kana pane mazwi anoda tsananguro yakawedzerwa (footnotes) kuitira kujekesa pfungwa.
Mazano Akakosha Kune Vashanduri Professional
Kune avo vari kuda kuita basa rekushandura kubva kuChishona kuenda kuchiPersian sehunyanzvi hwebasa, heano mamwe mazano anogona kukwidziridza mhando yebasa renyu:
- Ramba Uchidzidza Tsika Idzva: Verenga mabhuku echiPersian, teerera nhetembo, uye tarisa mafirimu kuitira kuti unzwisise matauriro anoita vanhu veko mazuva ese. Saizvozvowo, ramba wakabatana nemidzi yechiShona netsika dzechinyakare.
- Shandisa Michina Inobatsira (CAT Tools): Zvishandiso zvakaita seTrados, memoQ, kana Wordfast zvinogona kubatsira kuchengetedza ndangariro dzekushandura (translation memories) uye kuona kuti pane kuenderana kwemashoko (terminology consistency) munyaya dzese dzaunoshandura.
- Ita Kuti Basa Rako Riongororwe: Mushure mekushandura, gara waita kuti mumwe munhu anova weko (native speaker) aongorore shanduro yako kuitira kuona kuti inoyerera zvakanaka uye haina zvipingamupinyi zvemataurirwo anogamuchirika munyika iyoyo.
Kugadzira shanduro yakaringana pakati peChishona neChiPersian kunotora nguva nesimba, asi ndiyo imwe yenzira huru yekuvaka zambuko pakati petsika dzeAfrica neMiddle East. Kuburikidza nekutevedzera nhungamiro iyi, vashanduri vanogona kupa basa remhando yepamusoro uye rinoremekedza mutauro wega wega.