Guhindura inyandiko kuva mu Kinyarwanda (ururimi rw'Ikibantu rukoreshwa cyane muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba) kugera mu Kinyajeworujiya (ururimi rw'Imikartveli rukoreshwa mu gihugu cya Jeworujiya mu gace ka Kaokazi) ni umurimo usaba ubumenyi bwambitse bw'indimi zombi, imico yazo, ndetse n'imiterere y'ikibonezamvugo ishingiye ku mateka atandukanye. Izi ndimi zombi zituruka mu miryango y'indimi itandukanye rwose kandi ifite imiterere isaba ubushishozi buhanitse kugira ngo ubutumwa buhindurwe butabaye icyuho cyangwa ngo butakaze ireme n'inyito y'umwimerere.
Imiterere y'Isesengurabyungeri n'Uburinganire bw'Inyito
Kinyarwanda ikoresha imiterere y'interuro ya SVO (Subject-Verb-Object), aho nkurikira y'amagambo ihera ku ntego (ukora), inshinga, hanyuma ikaraza ku kintu cyakoreweho cyangwa icyuzuzo. Ku rundi ruhande, Ikinyajeworujiya gifite imiterere y'interuro yisanzuye cyane (Free word order), ariko gikunda gukoresha uburyo bwa SOV (Subject-Object-Verb) cyangwa SVO bitewe n'ibyo ushaka gushimangira cyangwa gushyira imbere mu nteruro. Ibi bishobora kugora umuhinduzi utamenyereye guhindura imyandiko hagati y'indimi zifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gupanga amagambo, kuko guhindura ijambo ku rindi bitanga interuro zidafite icyo zivuze mu rurimi rw'intego.
Imbogamizi ikomeye mu nshinga z'Ikinyajeworujiya ni imiterere yazo ifite inteko n'inyajwi zinyuranye zikurikirana (Polypersonal agreement). Mu Kinyarwanda, inshinga ifata indanganteko y'icyubatse n'indangangano z'icyakorewe nk'inyajwi n'ingombajwi ziziritswe ku nshinga (urugero: "ndakimuhereza" - n-ra-ki-mu-hereza). Mu Kinyajeworujiya na bwo inshinga zifite uburyo bugoye cyane buhuza icyarimwe ubutumwa bw'ukora (Subject), ubukorerwa (Direct object), n'ubushinzwe (Indirect object) mu ijambo rimwe binyuze mu bikoresho by'inyajwi n'ingombajwi zishyirwa imbere cyangwa inyuma y'inshinga. Umuhinduzi agomba gusobanukirwa neza imikoreshereze y'ibihe by'inshinga z'Ikijeworujiya, cyane cyane ibihe bya "Aorist" na "Perfective", bitandukanye cyane n'ibihe by'Ikinyarwanda.
Ibiziriko by'Amazina n'Ibihe by'Ikibonezamvugo
Niba mu Kinyarwanda tugira inteko z'amazina (noun classes kuva ku nteko ya 1 kugeza ku ya 20) zifata amasezerano y'ikibonezamvugo mu nteruro yose (urugero, niba izina riri mu nteko ya mbere, inyazi, inshinga, n'ibiyego byose bigomba kugira indanganteko ya 1), Ikinyajeworujiya nta nteko z'amazina kigira kandi nta n'uburyo bwo gutandukanya igitsina cy'amazina (grammatical gender). Ibi bivuze ko nta buryo bw'amagambo ya "ushinzwe abagabo cyangwa abagore" cyangwa "inteko y'abantu n'inteko y'ibintu" buhari.
Aho Ikinyajeworujiya cyorosheje ku nteko z'amazina, cyakomeje ku buryo bw'ibiziriko by'amazina (Grammatical Cases / Declensions). Ururimi rw'Ikinyajeworujiya rufite ibiziriko birindwi (7 cases): Nominative, Ergative, Dative, Genitive, Instrumental, Adverbial, na Vocative. Amazina ahindura impera zacyo bitewe n'uruhare afite mu nteruro n'igihe cy'inshinga gikoreshwa. Urugero, inshinga zikoresha uburyo bw'erugative (split ergativity) aho ukora afata akajambo k'impera k'akazina mu gihe cyahise, ariko akagumana akandi mu gihe kizaza. Mu Kinyarwanda nta buryo nk'ubu buhari, bityo rero guhuza inyito z'amazina yo mu Kinyarwanda n'ibiziriko bikwiye mu Kinyajeworujiya bisaba gusobanukirwa neza uruhare rwa buri jambo mu nteruro n'uburyo inshinga ifatanye na ryo.
Gukoresha Alfabeti n'Imyandikire y'Ikinyajeworujiya
Kinyarwanda cyandikwa mu nyuguti z'Ikirihema (Latin script), mu gihe Ikinyajeworujiya cyandikwa mu nyuguti zacyo bwite zizwi nka "Mkhedruli" (alfabeti ya Kimkhedruli). Iyi alfabeti ifite inyuguti 33 kandi nta nyuguti nkuru cyangwa nto zibaho (no capitalization). Ibi bituma guhindura amazina y'abantu, ay'ibigo, cyangwa ay'ibihugu (transliteration) biba ikibazo gikomeye gisaba ubuhanga bw'amajwi.
Umuhinduzi agomba kubahiriza amategeko y'ijwi rya buri nyuguti muri Mkhedruli kuba rihuye neza n'irya Kinyarwanda kugira ngo amazina y'Ikinyarwanda asomeke neza mu Kinyajeworujiya nta guhindura imvugo yayo. Urugero, amazina afite inyuguti z'ingombajwi zikurikirana cyangwa inyuguti zikoresha amajwi y'ibitugu (palatalization) agomba guhuzwa n'amajwi ahuye na yo mu Kinyajeworujiya, kandi inyuguti nka "r" na "l" zikubahirizwa neza nubwo mu ndimi zombi zifite amajwi atandukanye mu buryo bw'imivugirwe.
Umuco n'Amagambo Adahindurika mu buryo bworoshye
Ibikubiye mu muco nyarwanda birimo ibitekerezo, imihango, n'amagambo ashingiye ku bworozi bw'inka (urugero nka inka, amata, gukwa, nshongore) n'imibereho y'icyaro bikunze kugorana guhindurwa mu rurimi rw'Ikinyajeworujiya rwo rufite umuco ushingiye ku misozi miremire ya Kaokazi, ubuhinga bw'imizabibu n'ikawa, ndetse n'amateka ya gikirisitu ashinze imizi kuva mu binyejana bya mbere. Guhindura amagambo nk'“umuganda”, “gacaca”, cyangwa “gukwa” mu Kinyajeworujiya ntibishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe ijambo rimwe gusa. Bisaba ko umuhinduzi akoresha uburyo bwo gusobanura (explanatory translation) cyangwa agasigaho ijambo nk'uko riri hanyuma agashyiraho ibisobanuro mu birenge by'urupapuro (footnotes) kugira ngo umusomyi w'Umujeworujiya abashe kumva imyimerere y'umugenzo uvugwa.
Inama zo Kunoza Umusaruro w'Ibyahinduwe
- Gukoresha ururimi rw'abahuza (Pivot Language) n'ubushishozi: Kubera ko abahinduzi bahindura mu buryo butaziguye kuva mu Kinyarwanda kugera mu Kinyajeworujiya ari bake cyane ku isi, akenshi hakoreshwa Icyongereza cyangwa Ikirusiya nk'ururimi rw'umuhuza. Ni ngombwa kwitonda kugira ngo amakosa ari mu gice cya mbere cyahinduwe mu Cyongereza atabona inzira yo kwimukira mu Kinyajeworujiya, ibi bisaba kugenzura inyandiko y'umwimerere y'Ikinyarwanda igihe cyose.
- Kurema inkoranyamagambo y'imihindurire (Glossary development): Mbere yo gutangira umushinga munini w'imihindurire, kora urutonde rw'amagambo y'ibanze n'uburyo agomba guhindurwamo kugira ngo habemo guhuza inyito (consistency) mu nyandiko yose kandi wirinde gukoresha amagambo atandukanye ku gitekerezo kimwe.
- Gusesengura imiterere y'amazina n'ibihe by'inshinga: Witondere guhitamo ikiziriko cy'izina (case) gikwiye muri Jeworujiya bitewe n'inshinga n'igihe byakoreshejwe kuko ibi bihinduka cyane hagati y'ibihe byahise n'ibihe bizaza cyangwa ibihemirimo.
- Gusoma no gukosora byakozwe na kavukire (Native review): Inyandiko yose yabahinduriwe igomba gusuzumwa n'umunyagihugu uzi Kinyajeworujiya neza kandi wize ikibonezamvugo cyacyo kugira ngo arebe ko imvugo, imyandikire n'isomeka ryabyo bifite ireme kandi bikaba binogeye amatwi y'abasomyi.