Ko te whakawhiti reo i waenga i te reo Māori me te reo Ārapia he huarahi motuhake e tūhono ana i ngā ao hohonu e rua. Kāore tēnei e pā ana ki te whakawhiti kupu noa iho, engari he waka e kawe ana i ngā whakaaro, ngā tikanga, me te tirohanga o ngā iwi rerekē e rua. He reo taketake te reo Māori nō ngā whenua o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, e hāngai pū ana ki te ao tūroa, te taiao, me te hononga o te tangata ki te whenua. I tētahi taha, ko te reo Ārapia he reo Hēmiti, he roa tōna whakapapa, ā, he mea kī i ngā tikanga whakapono me ngā kōrero tuku iho o te rāwhiti me te raki o Awherika. Mā tēnei tuhinga e wetewete ngā uauatanga, ngā tikanga matua, me ngā tūtohu whaihua hei ārahi i te hunga kaiwhakawhiti i tēnei ara reo motuhake.
Ngā Rerekētanga ā-Wetereo me te Hanga o te Kupu
I te kōrero mō te wetereo, he nui ngā rerekētanga i waenga i te reo Māori me te reo Ārapia. Ko te hunga e mahi ana ki te whakawhiti i ngā kōrero me mātua mārama ki ēnei tauira wetereo. Ko te reo Māori e whai ana i te raupapa kupu "Kupu Mahi - Tangata Mahi - Mea" (Verb-Subject-Object, VSO) i te nuinga o te wā. Ahakoa he wā anō ka hurihia tēnei raupapa mō te whakahau, mō te arotahi rānei ki tētahi mea (pēnei i te whakarāpopototanga "Arotahi - Kupu Mahi"), he tino ngāwari te tūāpapa o te wetereo Māori ki te whakatauritea ki te reo Ārapia.
Ko te reo Ārapia i tētahi taha, he pūnaha matatini tōna. He reo tēnei e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pūtake kupu (roots) me te tauira (patterns). I te nuinga o te wā, e toru ngā reta matua hei hanga i te pūtake, ā, mā te tāpiri i ngā pūmatua, i ngā oropuare rānei ki waenga, ki mua, ki muri rānei i te pūtake ka whānau mai he kupu hōu. Hei tauira, ko te pūtake 'K-T-B' e pā ana ki te tuhi, ā, mai i tēnā ka puta te kupu 'Kataba' (i tuhi ia), 'Kitab' (pukapuka), me te 'Maktab' (tēpu tuhi, tari rānei). Ko te kaiwhakawhiti reo e mahi ana mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Ārapia me mātua whai i te tohungatanga ki te whiriwhiri i te pūtake tika hei whakaatu i te tino tikanga o te kupu Māori.
Tāpiri atu ki tēnei, ko te reo Ārapia he reo e tohu ana i te ira tangata (gender) mō ngā ingoa katoa, ahakoa he mea ora, he mea pohewa rānei. Ko te reo Māori kāore e whai ana i tēnei momo pūnaha ira mo ngā ingoa tūmatanui. No reira, me matapae te kaiwhakawhiti me pēhea te tohu i te ira tangata i te reo Ārapia mō ngā kupu Māori e noho kūpapa ana te ira i tōna ake reo. He mea nui anō hoki te tohu i te maha (singular, dual, plural) i te reo Ārapia, i te mea he pūnaha motuhake tā rātou mō te tokorua (dual), he rerekē ki te Māori e whakamahi ana i ngā kupu tohu pēnei i te 'tahi', 'rua', me ngā tohu pūpū tangata.
Hātepe Whakawhiti: Mai i te Pūnaha Kore-Iri ki te Pūnaha Iri o te Reo Ārapia
He mea tino matua te whakarite i te hātepe whakawhiti reo kia kaua e ngaro te tohu o te whakaaro taketake. Ko te reo Māori he reo e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā kauruku, ki ngā tūpā (particles) hei tohu i te hononga o ngā kupu me te wā (pēnei i te 'kua', 'kei te', 'i', 'e'). Kāore te hanga o te kupu e tino huri pēnei i ngā reo Pākehā. Engari ko te reo Ārapia he reo "iri" (inflected), e huri ana te pito o te kupu (grammatical case endings, arā ko te *I'rab*) hei tohu i tōna mahi i roto i te rerenga kōrero. Ki te hē te whakamahi i ēnei tohu pito kupu i te reo Ārapia, ka rerekē katoa te tikanga o te kōrero.
Hei tauira o tēnei uauatanga, ina whakawhitia te rerenga kōrero Māori: "Kua hoko te tangata i te whare." I konei, ko te tangata te kaitao, ko te whare te mea i hokona. I te reo Ārapia, me mātua whakarite ko te kupu mō te tangata ka whiwhi i te tohu nominative (dammah), ā, ko te kupu mō te whare ka whiwhi i te tohu accusative (fathah). Mehemea ka whakamahi te kaiwhakawhiti i te wetereo reo Ārapia okawa (al-Fusha), he mea tino nui te tika o ēnei tohu kia puta ai te rongo o te wetereo tika.
Te Arotahi ki ngā Tikanga me ngā Horopaki Ahurea
Kāore he reo e tu takitahi ana i waho o tōna ahurea. He whanonga ahurea te reo katoa, ā, he kī tēnei kōrero ina whakatauritea te reo Māori ki te reo Ārapia. Ko ngā ariā Māori pēnei i te 'mana', te 'tapu', te 'kaitiakitanga', te 'whanaungatanga', me te 'tūrangawaewae' kāore e kitea tōtika i te reo Ārapia. He kupu ēnei e kawe ana i te hiwi me te taonga o te whānau, te hapū, me te iwi. Ki te whakawhitia ēnei kupu ki te reo Ārapia, he maha ngā wā me whakamahi i te tauira whakamārama (descriptive translation), i te mea kāore he kupu kotahi i te reo Ārapia e whakakao ana i te katoa o te tikanga o ēnei kupu Māori hōhonu.
Waihoki, ko te reo Ārapia he reo e pakari ana te hononga ki te ao Ihirama me ngā tikanga tuku iho o te ao rāwhiti. He maha ngā kupu o ia rā i te reo Ārapia e kawe ana i te ingoa o te Atua (Allah), pēnei i te "Inshallah" (ki te pai te Atua) me te "Alhamdulillah" (mā te Atua te whakakororia). Mō te kaiwhakawhiti e whakamahi ana i te reo Māori hei pūtake, me whakaaro mehemea he tika te whakamahi i ēnei kupu whakapono i te ao Ārapia hei whakaatu i te ngākau whakaiti, te tumanako rānei e kitea ana i roto i ngā whakataukī me ngā pepeha Māori.
Me titiro hoki ki te tikanga o te manaakitanga me te powhiri. Ina powhiritia he manuhiri ki runga i te marae, he nui te karanga, te waerea, me te whaikōrero. He mea motuhake tēnei horopaki ki Aotearoa. Mena kei te tāpae te kaiwhakawhiti i tētahi tuhinga Ārapia mō tētahi pōwhiri, me whakarite he whakamārama e hāngai ana ki te reo Ārapia kia mārama ai te kaipanui o taua ao ki te tūturutanga me te tapu o taua mahi, ehara i te mea he manaaki manuhiri noa pēnei i te tikanga o te Rawhiti Whānui.
Ngā Tohutohu Whaihua mā te Kaiwhakawhiti Reo
Mō te hunga e whai ana ki te kawe i tēnei mahi matatini, e whai ake nei ētahi tohutohu whaihua:
- Arotahi ki te Hiahia o te Kaiwhakarongo: Whakaarohia ko wai te kaipānui. I te ao Ārapia, he maha ngā reo ā-rohe (dialects, arā ko te *Amiyya*), engari ko te reo Ārapia Whānui (Modern Standard Arabic - *Fusha*) te reo e whakamahia ana mō ngā tuhinga ōkawa, ngā pukapuka, me ngā paetukutuku. Me mātua whakamahi i te Fusha mō ngā mahi whakawhiti reo katoa kia hāngai ki te tini kaipānui.
- Rārangi Kupu me ngā Whakamārama: Waihangatia he rārangi kupu motuhake mō ngā ariā Māori kāore he tino whakawhitinga tōtika. Me tuhi he whakamāramatanga poto ki te reo Ārapia hei āwhina i te kaipānui ki te whakawhānui i tōna māramatanga ki te ao Māori.
- Arotake pūmau i ngā Whakataukī: He rite tonu te whakamahi a te Māori i ngā whakataukī hei whakaoho i te hinengaro. Kaua e whakawhiti kupu-ki-te-kupu i ēnei. Engari, me rapu he whakataukī Ārapia e hāngai ana tōna ngako ki tō te Māori, mehemea rānei ka kore e kitea, me whakawhiti te whakaaro matua mā te reo hangore.
- Te Tuhituhi mai i te Matau ki te Maui: Kia mahara he reo tuhi te reo Ārapia mai i te matau ki te maui (Right-to-Left, RTL). No reira, ina whakaritea te takotoranga o te tuhinga (layout) i runga i te paetukutuku, me huri katoa te takotoranga kia pai ai te pānui me te wāhanga tohatoha o ngā pikitia.
Te Hiranga o te Rangahau me te Arotake Motuhake
Kāore e ranea te mōhio kau ki ngā reo e rua. Ko te whakawhiti reo Māori ki te reo Ārapia he mahi rangahau. Me whai wā te kaiwhakawhiti ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki ngā matanga reo o ngā taha e rua hei whakaū i te tika o te mahi. I te wā ka mutu te whakawhiti tuatahi, me tuku te mahi ki tētahi matanga reo Ārapia kāore e mōhio ana ki te reo Māori hei arotake motuhake. Mena ka mārama ia ki te tuhinga Ārapia me te kore e kite i ngā uauatanga o te wetereo, ka mōhiotia he mahi angitu.
Mā te whai i ēnei ara me ngā tohutohu, ka taea e te kaiwhakawhiti te hanga i tētahi tūhono pono, e whakaute ana i te mana o te reo Māori me te matū o te reo Ārapia. Ko te otinga he tuhinga e kore e kōrero noa ki te hinengaro, engari e pa ana ki te ngākau o te hunga e pānui ana.