Basa rekushandura mutauro weShona kuenda kuItalian harisi rekungotsinhanisa mashoko kubva kune rimwe duramazwi kuenda kune rimwe chete. Harisi basa riri nyore nekuti mitauro iyi miviri inobva kumhuri dzakasiyana zvachose dzezvemutauro: chiShona chiri mutauro weBantu unowanikwa muAfrica, ukuwo chiItalian chiri mutauro weRomance unotaurwa kuEurope. Kuti mushanduri akwanise kuendesa shoko nenzira yakarurama, inonzwisisika, uye inoremekedza tsika dzevaverengi venyika yeItaly, anofanira kunzwisisa zvakadzama zvivakwa zvegirama, tsika dzekutaura, uye misiyano iripo pakati pezvivakwa izvi.
Mipanda Yemazita (Noun Classes) muShona vs. Gender System muItalian
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonetsa zvikuru pakushandura kubva muShona kuenda muItalian imhando dzezvigadzirwa zvemazita. Mutauro weShona unoshandisa hurongwa hwemipanda yemazita (noun classes) inosvika makumi maviri nerimwe (21). Mipanda iyi inoratidza kuti zita racho munhu, chinhu, mhuka, kana nzvimbo, uye inotonga zvimwe zvikamu zvese zvemutauro semapirekisesi (prefixes) nezviito zvinoenderana naro. Semuyenzaniso, mupanda 1 (mu-) nemupanda 2 (va-) anoshandiswa kuvanhu, ukuwo mupanda 5 (ri-) nemupanda 6 (ma-) anoshandiswa pazvinhu zvakawanda kana mapoka.
Kune rumwe rutivi, mutauro weItalian unoshandisa hurongwa hwakareruka asi hwakasiyana hwegender system (chikadzi nechirume). MuItalian, mazita ese ane hunhu hwechirume (maschile) kana chikadzi (femminile), uye izvi zvinosanganisira nezvinhu zvisina upenyu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mushanduri anofanira kuziva kuti zita rega rega reShona rinowira papi muhurongwa hweItalian. Semuenzaniso, shoko rekuti "zuva" (iro riri mumupanda 5 muShona) rinoti "sole" muItalian uye rine hunhu hwechirume (il sole). Shoko rekuti "mwedzi" rinoti "luna" muItalian, iro rine hunhu hwechikadzi (la luna). Kushandurwa kwezvisarudzo (articles) nezvipikiri (adjectives) zvinofanirwa kuenderana nehunhu uhwu muItalian, izvo zvinoda hungwaru hwepamusoro nemaziso anopinza.
Kushandurwa kweChiito: Kubva paAgglutination kuenda paInflection
ChiShona mutauro weagglutinative, zvinoreva kuti mashoko mazhinji, kunyanya zviito, anogadzirwa nekubatanidza zvidimbu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemutauro (morphemes) kuita izwi rimwe chete. Chiito cheShona chinogona kunge chine chivakashure chechirevo (subject concord), chiratidziro chenguva (tense marker), chimiriri chechinhu (object concord), uye mudzi wechiito (verb root) pamwe chete nechiwedzerwa (extension). Semuenzaniso, izwi rinoti "ndakakuvona" rine zvikamu zvinoti: nda- (ini, nguva yakapfuura), -ka- (nguva yakapfuura zvakadzama), -ku- (iwe, chinhu), -vona (kuona). Izvi zvinoreva "Ini ndakakuona" muzwi rimwe chete.
MuItalian, hurongwa hwechiito huri inflective. Chiito chose chinoshanduka kupera kwayo (conjugation) zvichienderana nenguva, munhu (ini, iwe, iye, isu, imi, ivo), uye mamiriro ezvinhu (moods senge indicative, subjunctive, conditional). Saka, "ndakakuvona" inoshandurwa muItalian ichinzi "ti ho visto" (kuti murume) kana "ti ho vista" (kuti mukadzi). Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mushanduri anofanira kubvisa zvimedu zvese zviri mukati mechiito cheShona ozozvigadzira patsva achishandisa girama yeItalian, achinyatsochenjerera kuti asarasikirwa nenguva yezviito (tenses) kana nzwisiso yemamiriro ekukurukurirana.
Tsumo nemadimikira: Kutsiva Zvirevo Zvetsika muBasa reShanduro
Tsumo nemadimikira ezvemutauro weShona akadzika midzi mutsika, nhoroondo, uye magariro evanhu vemuZimbabwe. Kushandura tsumo idzi nenzira yekungotora shoko neshoko (literal translation) kunogona kukonzera mhirizhonga mukunzwisisa nekuti muverengi weItalian haakwanisi kunzwisisa zvinorehwa neizvi. Muenzaniso wakanaka ndeye tsumo yeShona inoti: "Kugona nhanho yemwana kuona webere." Kana ukaishandura shoko neshoko kuenda kuItalian, inoti: "Saper saltare come un piccolo animale significa aver visto la iena," izvo zvisinganzwisisike zvachose kumuverengi wekuItaly.
Kuti abudirire, mushanduri anofanira kuita "transcreation" (kurongeka patsva kwetsika). Izvi zvinoreva kutsvaga chirevo chechiItalian chine mutsindo nemufananidzo wakafanana unozivikanwa nevaverengi veItalian. Pane kushandura shoko neshoko, mushanduri anogona kushandisa chiratidziro chekuItalian chinoenderana nechirevo chayo, senge "Tale padre, tale figlio" (Baba vakadaro, mwanakomana akadaro) kana kumwe kutaura kunoenderana nekuti hunhu hunotodza kune vakuru. Kuti izvi zviitike, mushanduri anofanira kunge achiziva tsika nemagariro eShona uye aine ruzivo rwakadzama rwenzira dzekukurukura dzevaItalian.
Maitiro eChirayemu neKuremekedza: Nzira yeKutaura kuItaly neZimbabwe
Kuremekedzana chinhu chakakosha zvikuru mutsika dzevaShona, uye mutauro une nzira dzakawanda dzekuratidza izvi, kunyanya kuburikidza nekushandisa madumidziro echiremera sevanhu vakuru (kushandisa "imi/vazhinji" pane "iwe/wechete"). Kana mushanduri achitaura nemunhu mukuru kana anoremekedzwa muShona, zviito nemazita zvinotora chimiro chekuwanda (plural concord). Semuenzaniso: "Mhuri yenyu yakasimba here, VaMoyo?"
Mutauro weItalian unotevedzawo hurongwa hwekuremekedza, adi hunoshandiswa zvakasiyana. VaItalian vanoshandisa zita remunhu rechitatu "Lei" kuremekedza munhu mumwe chete, kusiyana ne "tu" inoshandiswa kushamwari kana vaduku. Kana mushanduri achishandura mashoko kubva muShona anoratidza kuremekedza, anofanira kushandisa fomu ye "Lei" muItalian kuti arege kupa muverengi pfungwa yekuti pane kushaya hunhu kana kuzvidzana. Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti kuItaly kushandiswa kwe "Lei" kunowanzoonekwa muzvinyorwa zvakarongeka kana mumabasa ezvemabhizimisi, saka mushanduri anofanira kusarudza matauriro anokodzera chimiro chacho.
Mazano ekuvandudza Shanduro kubva paShona kuenda kuItalian
- Nzwisiso Yakadzama yeMatauriro (Context): Gara uchiyeuka kuti mashoko anochinja zvaanoreva zvichienderana nekuti ari kukurukurwa papi. Usakurumidze kushandura usina kuverenga chinyorwa chose.
- Kushandiswa kweMidziyo Yemazuvaano: Shandisa maduramazwi akatendeka uye maforamu evashanduri (senge ProZ kana WordReference) kuti uwane ruzivo rwezvazvino pamusoro pemashoko ekuItalian anenge akakuomera.
- Kusarudzwa kweMashoko awo (Localization): Funga nezvemubati weshoko anoverenga chinyorwa chako. Zvikamu zvekuchamhembe kwenyika yeItaly zvine mutauro wakasiyana zvishoma nemagariro ekuodzanyemba kwayo, saka shanduro inofanira kufanirana neruzhinji rweItaly yose.
- Kuverenga Patsva nekuGadzirisa (Proofreading): Mushure mekushandura, siira nguva yekuverenga chinyorwa cheItalian usiri kutarisa cheShona. Izvi zvinobatsira kuona kana mutauro wacho uchiyevedza sewevaverengi vemuno muItaly.
Mhedziso yeBasa reShanduro reShona-Italian
Kuva mushanduri akarongeka weShona neItalian kunoda kutsungirira, ruzivo rwemagariro, uye kudzidza kusingaperi. Nokusiyana kwegirama, kubva pamipanda yemazita echiShona kuenda kune gender system yekuItalian, basa iri rinoita semuedzo wekugadzira bhiriji repakati petsika dzeAfrica neEurope. Nokutevera mazano aya nekuchengetedza hutsvene hwemashoko anobva pamutauro wekutanga, vashanduri vanokwanisa kuburitsa mabasa anodadisa uye anounza pamwe chete vanhu vanobva kunyika idzi mbiri dzakasiyana.