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Kushandurwa kwemashoko pakati pemitauro yemuAfrica kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera kukosha munyika yanhasi apo bhizinesi, dzidzo, nekudyidzana kwemagariro zviri kupararira. Pakati pemitauro iyi, ChiShona, chinova mutauro mukuru unotaurwa muZimbabwe, neSetswana (chiTswana), chinotaurwa zvikuru muBotswana nekuSouth Africa, ine ukama hwepedyo semitauro yeBantu. Zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo mitauro iyi ichigovana midzi yakafanana, pane misiyano yakakura kwazvo mune zvegiramufomu, manyorerwo, netutsika inoda kuti mushanduri ave neunyanzvi hwepamusoro kuti aburitse basa rine unhu uye rinonzwisisika.

Ukama neMisiyano Pakati peChiShona neSetswana

Mitauro yeBantu inozivikanwa nekushandisa mapoka emazita (noun classes) uye zvibvumirano zvezviito (concordial agreement). Kana tichienzanisa ChiShona neSetswana, tinoona kuti mitauro iyi inonzwisisana pane mamwe mazwi mashoma ane midzi yakafanana (cognates), asi mutsauko mukuru uri pamanyorerwo nemirau yegiramufomu. ChiShona chinoshandisa manyorerwo anobatanidza mazwi (conjunctive orthography), apo zvikamu zvemutsara zvakawanda zvinonyorwa seShoko rimwe chete. Setswana, kune rumwe rutivi, chinoshandisa manyorerwo akapatsanurwa (disjunctive orthography), apo zvisungo nezviratidzi zvinonyorwa zvakazvimirira.

Dambudziko reManyorerwo: Conjunctive vs. Disjunctive

Rimwe rematambudziko makuru anosangana nevashanduri vari kushandura kubva kuChiShona kuenda kuSetswana ndiro rekunyora mazwi akabatanidzwa kana akapatsanurwa. Izvi zvinoda kucherechedza kwakadzama kwezviperengo. Semuenzaniso:

• MuChiShona: "Ndinokuda" (izwi rimwe chete rine chirevo chekuti "Ini ndinoda iwe").
• MuSetswana: "Ke a go rata" (mazwi mana akapatsanurwa anomirira: "Ke" - ini, "a" - chiratidzi chenguva, "go" - iwe, "rata" - kuda).

Kana mushanduri akasadzidza chirongwa ichi, anogona kunyora Setswana achishandisa nzira yeChiShona, izvo zvinoita kuti mutsara usazivikanwa nevatauri veSetswana kana kuita seune zvikanganiso zvakawanda. Kuti izvi zvisaitike, mushanduri anofanira kunzwisisa mapatani emitsara yeSetswana uye kuziva kwainoganhurirwa pane zviperengo zvakasiyana.

Mupanda weMazita (Noun Classes) neZvibvumirano

Mitauro yese iri miviri ine mapoka emazita anotungamira chibvumirano chemutsara wese. Asi zvivakashure zvezvikwata izvi zvinosiyana nenzira inotevera:

• Mupanda 1 na 2 (Vanhu): MuChiShona tinoshandisa mu- (munhu) ne va- (vanhu). MuSetswana vanoshandisa mo- (motho) ne ba- (batho).
• Mupanda 7 na 8 (Zvinhu): MuChiShona tinoshandisa chi- (chinhu) ne zvi- (zvinhu). MuSetswana vanoshandisa se- (selo) ne di- (dilo).

Pakushandura, zvakakosha kuona kuti chibvumirano chemutsara chose (subject-verb agreement) chashandurwa nemazvo zvichienderana nemupanda wezita riri kushandiswa muSetswana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana izita remupanda wechinomwe (se-), chiito chinotevera chinofanira kuva nechimiro chechibvumirano chinoenderana na "se-", kwete kuenzaniswa ne "chi-" yeChiShona.

Tafura Yemazwi neZvikanganiso Zvinowanzoitika

Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani, heino mimwe mienzaniso inoratidza musiyano wemashoko uye kuratidza kuti manyorerwo anosiyana sei munyika mbiri idzi:

Mushanduri anofanira kuona kuti misiyano midiki iyi inocherechedzwa, zvikuru pane zviperengo zvinoshandisa mabhii akafanana asi aine chirevo chakasiyana.

Kushandurwa kweTsumo Nemadimikira: Transcreation

Shona neSetswana mitauro yakapfuma kwazvo mune zvetsika, tsumo, nemadimikira. Mukana wekuti mushanduri angochinja shoko nezwi (literal translation) uri pasi kwazvo kana toreva nezvemadimikira nematauriro emunharaunda. Kuedza kushandura tsumo yeChiShona sezvairi kuenda muSetswana kunokonzera kurasikirwa kwechirevo.

Semuenzaniso, tsumo yeChiShona inoti: "Chara chimwe hachitswanyi inda". Kuti uishandure kuSetswana, haugoni kungoshandura shoko rega rega uchienda kuSetswana. Pane kudaro, unofanira kutsvaga tsumo inoenderana neiyo muSetswana inotakura chirevo chimwe chete chekushanda pamwe chete. MuSetswana vanoti: "Mabogo dinku a a bofana" (maoko akafanana neamakwai, anobatsirana). Basa remushanduri nderekuita tsvagiridzo yakadzama yetsumo dzeSetswana (diane) kuitira kuti agone kuwana inoenderana neyeChiShona inenge iri muchinyakare chepakutanga.

Mazano Anobatsira Pakushandura kubva kuChiShona kuenda kuSetswana

Kuti ukwanise kuendesa mberi basa rine hunyanzvi uye rinogamuchirwa nevatengi nevatauri vemuno, tevedzera matanho aya akakosha:

• Nzwisisa Mutauri weSetswana Anotarisirwa (Target Audience): Setswana chinoshandiswa muBotswana chine mimwe misiyano midiki pane chinotaurwa muSouth Africa (muNorth West kana muGauteng). Ziva kuti chinyorwa chako chiri kuenda kupi kuitira kuti ushandise mashoko nematauriro anogamuchirwa mudunhu iroro.
• Tsvaga Madimikira Akafanana: Pane kungoshandura zviri nyore, tarisa kuti vatauri veSetswana vanozvitaura sei muhupenyu hwavo hwemazuva ese. Izvi zvinonzi "transcreation" munyika yevashanduri.
• Shandisa Duramazwi neZvinyorwa Zvemagwaro: Kugara uine maduramazwi emitauro yese iri miviri kunobatsira pakubata mazwi akaoma uye kuratidza manyorerwo emazuva ano anotenderwa nematare emitauro.
• Verenga Basa Rako Zvakare (Proofreading): Kana wapedza kushandura, zvakakosha kuti uverenge mutsara wega wega wakazvimirira kuti uone kana uchiyerera zvakanaka uye uine chirevo chechisikirwo muSetswana.

Kukosha kweMatauriro neChirevo (Context and Register)

Chekupedzisira, vashanduri vanofanira kungwarira matauriro akakodzera kune zvakanyorwa (register). Kana chinyorwa chiri chemutemo, chekurapa, chebhizinesi, kana chechidiki, mazwi anoshandiswa anofanira kuratidza unyanzvi hweSetswana hwemhando yepamusoro. Mutauro weSetswana une tsika huru yekuremekedza, izvo zvakakosha kuti zvionekwe zvakare mubasa rakashandurwa, sezvinongoitawo muChiShona apo kushandiswa kwezvinzvimbo zvekuremekedza (plurals of respect) kwakakosha kwazvo pakutaura nevanhu vakuru kana vepamusoro.