Te Tīmatanga: He Hono i waenga i te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa me Ahia ki te Tonga-ma-Rāwhiti
He mahi uaua, he mahi whakaharahara hoki te whakawhiti reo i waenga i te reo Māori me te reo Pama (e mōhiotia ana i te ao whānui ko te reo Burmese). Ko ēnei reo e rua he mea whānau mai i ngā kāhui reo rerekē rawa atu o te ao. Ko te reo Māori he reo nō te whānau Moana-nui-a-Kiwa (Austronesian family), e whai ana i ngā pūnaha tūmahi o mua me te hanganga motuhake o Aotearoa. I tētahi taha, ko te reo Pama he reo nō te whānau Sino-Tibetan, ko ia te reo matua me te reo kōrero o te whenua o Myanmar. Nā konei, ko te kaiwhakawhiti reo e whakapā ana i ēnei ao e rua me matatau rawa ki ngā rerekētanga ā-wetereo, ā-tikanga, me te āhua o te whakatakoto kupu kia kaua e ngaro te wairua, te mana, me te rōnakitanga o te kōrero tuatahi.
Ngā Rerekētanga o te Raupapa Kupu (Word Order)
Ko tētahi o ngā wero nui rawa atu mō te kaiwhakawhiti reo ko te raupapa o ngā kupu i roto i te rerenga kōrero. I roto i te reo Māori, ko te raupapa matua ko te VSO (Tūmahi - Kaimahi - Mea / Verb - Subject - Object). Hei tauira, ki te kīia "Kei te kai te tamaiti i te aporo", ko te tūmahi ("kai") te tuatahi, aru mai te kaimahi ("tamaiti"), a, ko te mea ("aporo") kei te mutunga. He rerekē rawa te reo Pama, nō te mea ko tōna raupapa kupu matua ko te SOV (Subject - Object - Verb / Kaimahi - Mea - Tūmahi). Mēnā ka whakawhitia taua rerenga kōrero nei ki te reo Pama, ka noho te tūmahi ki te mutunga rawa o te kōrero.
Mo te hunga mahi whakawhiti reo, me tino whai whakaaro ki ēnei huringa wetereo nunui:
- Ngā Matūriki Hono (Particles): He mea matua te mārama ki te tū o ngā matūriki hono ki te reo Pama, nō te mea ka piri ēnei ki te mutunga o te tūpou, te tūingoa rānei hei tohu i tōna tohu wetereo (subject marker rānei, object marker rānei).
- Te Tōna Reo (Tone): Ko te reo Pama he reo tonu (tonal language) he whā ngā momo reo (tones) rerekē e panoni ana i te tikanga o te kupu kotahi. I te mea ehara te reo Māori i te reo tonu, me whai whakaaro nui te kaiwhakawhiti a-tuhi ki te kōwhiri i te kupu Pama tika a-tuhi kia kore ai e puta he pohewa.
- Te Tohu i te Wā (Tense and Aspect): Ko te wā i te reo Māori ka tohuhia e ngā kupu pēnei i te "kua", "kei te", "e... ana". Ki te reo Pama, kāore he tēneti (tense) pēnei i te reo Ingarihi, engari ka whakamahia ngā matūriki mutunga (sentence-ending particles) hei whakaatu i te oti o te mahi, te mahi rānei kei te haere tonu.
Te Wairua me te Tikanga: Te Localization a-Ahurea
I te mea he reo taketake ēnei reo e rua, e kī ana i ngā hōhonutanga o te ahurea me te wairua o ō rāua iwi. He mea uaua te whakaata tika i ēnei ariā me te kore e ngaro te tino tikanga o te kupu. Mō te kaiwhakawhiti reo Māori, he mea nui ngā kupu taketake pēnei i te "mana", "tapu", "mauri", "kaitiakitanga", me te "whanaungatanga". Ina whakawhitia ēnei ki te reo Pama, kāore e kitea he kupu kotahi e piki ana ki ēnei hōhonutanga ahurea Māori, ā, me whakamahi he whakamāramatanga horopaki hei tohu i te tapu me te mana o te kōrero.
I te ao Pama hoki, he kaha te whai i ngā ariā a-karakia me te ahurea Buddhist. Ko tētahi ariā nui ko te "anade" (ko te tohu o te whakaaro nui ki tētahi atu kia kaua ia e raruraru, e māharahara rānei), me ngā tikanga tūpono (honorifics) e ai ki te pakeke, te mana o te tangata, me te hononga ā-papori. Mēnā kāore te kaiwhakawhiti e mārama ki ēnei hononga ā-papori i Myanmar, ka noho taratara te reo whakawhiti, ā, ka kīia he reo whakaute-kore. Ma te mārama ki ēnei āhuatanga e rua e taea ai te whakaputa i tētahi tuhinga e mārua ana ki te hinengaro o te iwi Pama, me te pupuri tonu i te mana o te reo Māori.
Ngā Tohutohu Awhina mō te Kaiwhakawhiti Reo Māori ki te Reo Pama
Kia pai ai, kia kounga hoki te whakawhiti reo mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Pama, aruhia ēnei tohutohu matua e whai ake nei:
- Whakawhanakehia he papakupu ariā: I mua i te tīmatanga o te mahi, tuhia ngā kupu matua o te reo Māori ka rapu ai i ngā ritenga ā-tinana, ā-wairua rānei i roto i te ao Pama. Pātai atu ki ngā mātanga reo o Myanmar ki te tautuhi i te ahunga ahurea tika.
- Arotahi ki te Mutunga o te Rerenga Kōrero: Whakaritea tō hinengaro ki te whakarerekē i te hanganga rerenga. Kia maumahara tonu, ko te tūmahi (verb) kei te mutunga o te kōrero i te reo Pama. Whakaritea te tuhinga kia rere pai ai i runga i te hanganga matua o te reo ūnga.
- Whakamahia ngā Kupu Whakarōpū (Noun Classifiers): I roto i te reo Pama, he mea matua te whakamahi i ngā matūriki tatau (classifiers) i muri i te tau, e ai ki te momo o te mea e kōrerotia ana (pēnei i te tāngata, te mea porotaka, te kararehe, te whare rānei). Me mātua mōhio te kaiwhakawhiti ki ēnei tohu kia tika ai tana tatau.
- Kōwhiria te Reanga Whakaute Tika: He rerekē te āhua o te kōrero ki ngā hoa, ki ngā tāngata whai kahu karakia (monks), ki ngā tāngata whai mana rānei i Myanmar. Whiriwhiria te reanga whakaute (register) e tika ana mō te kaupapa me te hunga pānui hei whakaute i te papori Pama.
- Kaua e whakawhiti kupu-ki-te-kupu: Ko te wetereo o te reo Pama me te reo Māori he tohu rereke rawa. Rapua te wairua o te rerenga korero katoa, ka whakawhiti ai i taua tikanga ki te hanganga e rite ana ki te ao Pama, kaua ki te whai i ngā kupu takitahi.
Te Painga o te Whakawhiti Reo Kounga mō te SEO (Search Engine Optimization)
I ēnei rā o te ao ipurangi me te hangarau, ko te arotahi ki te rapu kōrero (SEO) he matua mō ngā tuhinga katoa kei runga i te paetukutuku. Hei whakawhānui i te tūnga o te tuhinga i runga i te Google me ētahi atu pae rapu, me mātua whakarite ngā kupu tohu (keywords) ki roto i te reo Pama me te reo Māori. Mā te whai i te wetereo tika me te whiriwhiri i ngā kupu e rapuhia ana e te hunga pānui i Myanmar me Aotearoa, ka kaha ake te kitea o te tuhinga nei. Ko te whakawhiti reo kounga e ārai ana i ngā hapa ka whakataka i te tohu SEO o tētahi whārangi ipurangi.
He mea nui hoki te whakamahi i ngā tūtohu HTML matua (pēnei i te H1, H2, H3, me ngā rārangi) hei whakaatu i te hanganga marama o te kōrero ki ngā robot rapu (search engine crawlers). Ma tenei e whakarite kia tohua te tuhinga hei tuhinga whai mana e te hunga pānui me ngā pūnaha ipurangi. Ko te tika o te reo, te ataahua o te hanga, me te aroha ki te mana o ēnei reo e rua te pūtake o te angitu i roto i te whakawhiti reo mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Pama.