Ko te hurihanga reo i waenga i te reo Māori me te reo Soto (Sesotho) he huarahi whakaohooho i te hinengaro me te wairua, i te mea e hono ana ēnei reo e rua i ngā ao rereke e rua. Ko te reo Māori tētahi o ngā reo o te whānau Ao-whānui (Austronesian language family), e kōrerotia ana i Aotearoa nei, ā, ko te reo Soto tētahi o ngā reo o te whānau Pan-tuu (Bantu language family), e kōrerotia ana i te taha tonga o te whenua o Āwherika, ina koa i Lesotho me Āwherika ki te Tonga. He rereke rawatia ngā hanganga o ēnei reo e rua, engari kei roto i a rāua te tapu, te mana, me te hohonu o te ahurea o ō rāua iwi taketake. Mo te kaihurihanga reo e hiahia ana ki te whakapāheke i ngā kupu mai i tētahi ki tētahi, me whai whakaaro nui ki ngā rereketanga o te wetereo, ngā tohu ahurea, me te wairua o te kōrero kia kore ai e ngaro te tino tikanga o te karere matua i te wā o te whakamāoritanga.
1. Te Whakataurite i te Hanganga Whakauru (VSO vs SVO)
He mea nui kia mārama te kaihurihanga ki ngā hanganga wetereo o ngā reo e rua ina whakatauritehia te raupapa o ngā kupu i roto i te rerenga kōrero. Ko te reo Māori he reo Kupumahi-Iha-Mea (Verb-Subject-Object, VSO). Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ka tīmata te rerenga kōrero ki te tūmahi (kupumahi), whai muri mai ko te iha (tae atu ki ngā kupu tohu tūnga) me te mea e pā ana te mahi. Hei tauira: "Kua kai te tamaiti i te aporo." I konei, ka tīmata te rerenga i te tūmahi "kai", whai muri ko te iha "te tamaiti", ā, ko te mea whakamutunga ko "te aporo".
He rereke rawa te reo Soto, no te mea he reo Iha-Kupumahi-Mea (Subject-Verb-Object, SVO) ia, pēnei i te reo Pākehā. Hei tauira, ki te whakamāoritia taua rerenga ki te reo Soto, ka whakatakotoria pēnei: "Ngwana o ja apole." I konei, ko te "Ngwana" ko te tamaiti (Iha), ko te "o ja" e tohu ana i te mahi kai (Kupumahi me te tūpou tohu), ā, ko te "apole" ko te aporo (Mea). Ko te mahi a te kaihurihanga ko te whakarereke i te raupapa o ēnei kupu matua me te kore e whakarereke i te ahunga o te wā (tense) me te aronga (aspect) o te rerenga kōrero. Ki te kore ēnei e whakaritea tika, ka pororaru te taringa o te kaiwhakarongo Soto, ā, ka ngaro te māramatanga o te tuhinga taketake.
2. Ngā Kāhui Ingoa o te Reo Soto me ngā Pātikara o te Reo Māori
Ki te titiro tātou ki te wetereo o te reo Soto, ko tētahi o ngā tino hanganga ko te kāhui ingoa (noun classes). Neke atu i te tekau mā whā ngā kāhui ingoa i roto i te reo Soto, ā, he tohu tō ia kāhui (noun prefixes) e whakatau ana i te hononga o te ingoa ki ngā kupu tohu katoa (pronouns, adjectives, verbs) i roto i te rerenga kōrero. Hei tauira, ko te ingoa "motho" (tangata) kei roto i te kāhui tuatahi (kāhui tangata, class 1), ā, ko te kupu tohu mō tēnei kāhui he rereke ki te kāhui o ngā mea hanga kore-ora pēnei i te "setulo" (tūru, class 7). Ko tēnei hanganga e kīia ana he tauturunga wetereo (alliterative concord), e here ana i te rerenga kōrero katoa.
I te reo Māori, kāore he kāhui ingoa pēnei i te reo Soto. Engari, ka whakamahi tātou i ngā pātikara (particles) me ngā kupu pēnei i te "te", "ngā", "a", "o", "i", "ki", "he" hei whakatau i te hononga me te tohu ingoa. Ko te hononga o te "ā" me te "ō" (kāriora me te kākiri) hei whakaatu i te mana o te hononga ki waenga i te tangata me tētahi mea he tino tauira o te hōhonutanga wetereo o te reo Māori. Ma te matatau o te kaihurihanga ki ēnei hanganga e rua e taea ai e ia te whiriwhiri i te kāhui ingoa e tika ana i roto i te reo Soto hei whakaatu i te ahunga o te whakaaro Māori.
3. Te Hurihanga o te Reo Hāngū (Passive Voice)
Ko tētahi atu rerekētanga nui ko te whakamahi i te reo hāngū (passive voice). I te reo Māori, he tino whakamahia te reo hāngū i ngā wā katoa, ina koa i roto i ngā kōrero pūrākau me ngā tuhinga okawa, pēnei i te wetereo: "Kainga te aporo." rānei "Kua kainga te aporo e te tamaiti." Ka kitea ngā hiku kupu pēnei i te "-nga", "-hia", "-ina", "-tia" hei tohu i te reo hāngū i roto i te reo Māori.
Mā te reo Soto, he rerekē te hanga o te hāngū. Ka whakamahia te hiku kupu "-wa" rānei ki te mutunga o te kupumahi. Hei tauira, ko te kupumahi "ja" (kai) ka huri hei "jelwa" rānei hei "jelwe" (kua kainga). Mō te rerenga kōrero "Kua kainga te aporo e te tamaiti", ka huri ki te reo Soto pēnei: "Apole e jelwe ke ngwana." I konei, ko te "ke" e tohu ana i te "e" (by) i te reo Māori. Me ata titiro te kaihurihanga ki te reo hāngū, no te mea ki te reo Soto, ka huri te aronga o te rerenga kōrero ki te mea e pā ana te mahi, ā, ka whai hononga te tūpou ki taua kāhui ingoa matua.
4. Te Whakarite ā-Ahurea: Mai i te Mana me te Mauri ki te Seriti me te Botho
Ko te hurihanga reo kāore e whaiti noa iho ki te wetereo, engari he hononga hohonu tōna ki te ahurea. Mo te tangata e huri ana i ngā kupu mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Soto, me matua mārama ia ki ngā kupu taonga a te Māori kāore he whakawhitinga ngawari ki te reo Soto. Ko ngā kupu pēnei i te "mana", "mauri", "kaitiakitanga", me te "whanaungatanga" he ariā motuhake e mau ana i te taha wairua o te Māori.
Hei tauira, mō te kupu "mana", ka taea te whakamahi i te kupu Soto "seriti" (he ariā e pā ana ki te whakaute, te mana whaiaro, te wairua me te marumaru o te tangata). Mo te kupu "whanaungatanga" rānei, e tata ana te tikanga ki te kupu Soto "botho" (e rite ana ki te "ubuntu" o te reo Xhosa me te reo Zulu, ara, ko te tohatoha me te hononga o te iwi ki a rātou anō hei hapori). Ma tēnei tūmomo whakamāoritanga ā-ahurea (transcreation) e ahei ai te kaihurihanga te hanga piriti i waenga i te ao Māori me te ao Soto, me te kore e whakakore i te tapu o ngā kupu matua.
5. Ngā Tohutohu Matua mo te Kaihurihanga Reo
- Māramatanga ki te horopaki: I mua i te tīmatanga, me pānui te katoa o te tuhinga. Ma te mārama ki te horopaki (context) ka taea ai te whiriwhiri i te reo okawa (formal) te reo opaki (informal) rānei i roto i te reo Soto.
- Whakamahia ngā papakupu motuhake: Ahakoa he pai ngā taputapu rorohiko (digital translation tools), he maha ngā wā ka raru te wetereo me te tikanga ahurea. Whakamahia ngā papakupu Māori-Soto, me te kōrero ki ngā mātanga reo o ngā taha e rua.
- Arotahi ki te reo pāhekeheke: Kaua e huri kupu-ki-te-kupu (word-for-word). Me huri kē i te ariā me te ahua o te kōrero. Me taunga te reo ki te taringa o te tangata Soto.
- Te wairua o te tangata: Whakautehia te wairua o te reo taketake. Ko te reo Māori he reo e whakakā ana i te wairua mā te kōrero me te metaphor (whakataukī, whakatauākī). Me huri ēnei ki ngā whakataukī Soto (dika le maele) e rite ana te tikanga.