Ukuguqulela phakathi kweelwimi ezimbini ezisuka kwiintsapho ezahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo yeyona nto inzima kodwa enomdla kakhulu kwicandelo leelwimi kunye nezifundo zoguqulelo. IsiXhosa, esilulwimi lwesiBantu oluthethwa kakhulu eMzantsi Afrika, sineempawu ezizodwa ezifana nolwakhiwo lwezintlu zezibizo kunye nezandi zocofa (clicks). Kwelinye icala, isiYukreyini, esilulwimi lwesiSlavic sasempuma oluthethwa eYurophu, sibhalwa ngalalfabhethi yeCyrillic kwaye sincike kakhulu kwiikheyisi kunye nesiphelo samagama ukuze sichaze intsingiselo. Esi sikhokelo siza kuphonononga ngokubanzi iinkqubo, imingeni emikhulu, kunye neengcebiso ezisebenzisekayo zokuguqulela ukusuka kwisiXhosa ukuya kwisiYukreyini ngendlela echanekileyo nenesitayile esifanelekileyo.
Ulwakhiwo loLwimi kunye noMahluko weGrama ePhambili
Ukuze umguquleli abe nempumelelo, kufuneka aqonde ukuba isiXhosa nesiYukreyini zisebenza ngeendlela ezahluke kakhulu ngokwemofoloji. IsiXhosa silulwimi olusebenzisa kakhulu izisombululo ezincamathelayo (agglutinative language), apho izimelabizo, izalathandawo, kunye namaxesha ezenzo zincanyathiselwa phambi kwesiqu sesenzi okanye sesibizo ngokusebenzisa izimaphambili. Ngenxa yoko, igama elinye lesiXhosa lingamela isivakalisi esipheleleyo ngesiYukreyini okanye ngesiNgesi. Oku kufuna ukuba umguquleli aqonde indlela yokohlulahlula ezi ziqhoboshelo ukuze afumane undoqo wentsingiselo yebinzana ngalinye phambi kokuba aqale ukuguqulela.
Kwelinye icala, isiYukreyini sisebenzisa iikheyisi (cases) ezisixhenxe ukulawula ukuba izibizo zisebenza njani esivakalisini. Ezi kheyisi ziquka i-Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Instrumental, Locative, kunye ne-Vocative. Iziphelo zamagama kwisiYukreyini ziyaguquka kuxhomekeke ekubeni isibizo sisebenza njenge-subject okanye i-object, okanye siyalawulwa sisalathandawo esithile. Lo mahluko uthetha ukuba izimaphambili zezintlu zezibizo zesiXhosa (ezifana no-umu-, aba-, isi-, izi-) kufuneka ziguqulelwe ngendlela eqwalasele iikheyisi nendlela amagama alandelelana ngayo kwisiYukreyini ukuze umbhalo ube negrama echanekileyo nevakalayo.
Imingeni ye-Alfabhethi, Upelo kunye neTransliteration
Omnye wemingeni yokuqala ejongene nabaguquleli kukungafani kwee-alfabhethi ezisetyenziswa zezi lwimi zombini. IsiXhosa sibhalwa ngamaleleta eLatin afanayo nalawo asetyenziswa kwisiNgesi, kodwa sinendlela ekhethekileyo yokubiza izandi zocofa ezimelwe ngo-c (isandi sasemva kwamazinyo), q (isandi sasesikhondweni solwimi), kunye no-x (isandi sasecaleni kwesihlathi). Ezi zandi zocofa azikho kwaphela kwisiYukreyini, kwaye akukho maleleta afanelekileyo kwialfabhethi yeCyrillic amele ezi zandi ngqo.
Xa umguquleli eguqulela amagama abantu (amakhaya), amagama eendawo, okanye amagama ezenzo zesiXhosa, kufuneka asebenzise inkqubo yokukhuphela izandi (transliteration). Oku kuthetha ukuba isandi segama lesiXhosa kufuneka sibhalwe ngamaleleta esiYukreyini asondele kakhulu kwisandi sentshonalanga. Umzekelo, igama elithi "Xolani" lingabhalwa ngokusebenzisa amagama esiYukreyini adlulisa isandi esisondeleyo, nangona isandi se-click sasecaleni (x) sitshintshwa sibe sisandi esilula sasendleleni. Ukuphatha le miba ngobuchule kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina isidima namalungelo alowo kuthethwa ngaye kumbhalo.
Uguqulelo lweNkcubeko kunye namaQhalo asekhaya
Uguqulelo olufanelekileyo alukho malunga nokutshintsha amagama kuphela; kumalunga nokwakha ibhulorho phakathi kweenkcubeko ezimbini ezahlukileyo. IsiXhosa silulwimi olutyebileyo ngembali, amaqhalo, kunye nezaci ezibonisa indlela yokuphila neenkolelo zamaXhosa. Uninzi lwezi zaci lunento yokwenza nemfuyo (iinkomo), ezolimo, kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu entlalweni (Ubuntu).
Ukuba umguquleli uzama ukuguqulela ibinzana elithi "Umntu ngumntu ngabantu" ngqo kwisiYukreyini (Людина є людиною завдяки іншим людям), intsingiselo enzulu yentlalo yoluntu kunye nefilosofi ye-Ubuntu inokulahleka kwabasebenzisi baseYurophu. Kule meko, umguquleli kufuneka asebenzise inkqubo ye-transcreation okanye afumane ibinzana elilinganayo kwisiYukreyini elichaza ukubaluleka koluntu kunye nokuncedana. Ukwenza oku kufuna ukuba umguquleli abe nolwazi olunzulu lwendawo neenkcubeko zombini ukuze umbhalo ube nefuthe elifanelekileyo kubafundi.
IiNgcebiso eziBalulekileyo kubaguquleli abasuka kwisiXhosa ukuya kwisiYukreyini
Ukuze ukwazi ukuguqulela ngobuchule kunye nokugcina umgangatho ophezulu womsebenzi wakho, nazi iindlela ezithile eziluncedo ekufuneka uziqwalasele:
- Hlaziya ulwazi lwesigama sale mihla: Iilwimi zombini ziyakhula kwaye ziba namagama amatsha asetyenziswa kwitekhnoloji nakwimithombo yeendaba. Soloko ulandela amaphephandaba neencwadi ezintsha kwiilwimi zombini ukuze ugcine upelo lwakho lusemgangathweni.
- Sebenzisa ulwimi lwesithathu njengebhulorho: Ngenxa yokuba kungekho zichazi-magama zininzi ezisuka ngqo kwisiXhosa ukuya kwisiYukreyini, ukusebenzisa isiNgesi njengebhulorho (bridge language) kunokunceda ukucacisa intsingiselo yamagama antsonkothileyo ngaphambi kokuba ukhangele elingana nawo kwisiYukreyini.
- Gcina irejista yombhalo (Register and Tone): Kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba isitayile sombhalo wentlonipho, imfundo, okanye ushishino siyagcinwa ngokufanelekileyo. IsiYukreyini sisebenzisa iindlela ezingafaniyo zokuthetha nabantu abadala okanye abantu abasezikhundleni, nto leyo engqinelana kakhulu nendlela yokuhlonipha (ukuhlonipha) kwisiXhosa.
- Lungisa isakhiwo semihlathi: Emva kokuguqulela umbhalo, qinisekisa ukuba uyafunda kwaye uyawulungisa umbhalo ugudile, uphelisa nakuphi na ukungahambelani kwezivakalisi okanye iimpazamo zokubhala ezinokubangela ukungaqondani.
Ukusebenzisa I-SEO kuGuqulelo lweWebhu
Kulo mhlaba wedijithali, uguqulelo lwenziwa kakhulu ukulungiselela iwebhu (websites, blogs, kunye neesayithi ze-e-commerce). Xa ufaka okuqukethwe ngesiYukreyini okusuka kwisiXhosa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa iindlela ze-SEO (Search Engine Optimization) ezilungiselelwe abafundi baseYukreyini. Oku kuthetha ukuba kuya kufuneka ukhangele amagama uphendlo asetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezifana neGoogle kule ngingqi.
Ukufaka amagama afanelekileyo afana ne- "pereklad z khosa" (uguqulelo lwesiXhosa), "perekladach ukrainska" (umguquleli wesiYukreyini), kunye "movni systemy" (iindlela zeelwimi) kunceda umbhalo wakho ukuba ufumaneke lula kwi-intanethi. Gcina izihloko zakho zicacile, zibe nomdla kwaye zisebenzise iimpawu ezichanekileyo ze-HTML ukuze uphendlo lwe-SEO lube yimpumelelo kwaye abasebenzisi bafumane umbhalo wakho msinyane.