Ko te whakawhiti reo mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Pāhia (Farsi) tētahi mahi e kīia nei he mīharo, he uaua hoki. Ko ēnei reo e rua, nō ngā whānau reo tino rerekē. Ko te reo Māori te reo taketake o Aotearoa, he mema nō te whānau reo Ahitonihia (Austronesian), ā, ko te reo Pāhia he mema nō te whānau reo Iniana-Ūropi (Indo-European) e kōrerotia ana i Irāna me ngā rohe tapiri. Nā tēnei rerekētanga whānau, he tino rerekē ngā hanganga wetereo, ngā ahurea, me ngā pūnaha tuhituhi. Mā tēnei aratohu matawhānui e whakamārama ngā wero me ngā tikanga whai take hei whakatutuki i tētahi whakamāoritanga kounga nui.
Huringa Hanganga: Mai i te VSO ki te SOV
Ko te wero tuatahi, ko te tino wero hoki mō te kaiwhakamāori, ko te hanganga o te rerenga kōrero. I te reo Māori, ko te ahunga o te wetereo ko te Kupu Mahi - Tūpou - Tumu (Verb-Subject-Object, VSO). Hei tauira, ki te kīia "Kua kite a Hone i te manu," ko te kupu mahi ("kite") te tuatahi, aru mai ai ko te tūpou ("Hone"), ā, ko te tumu ("te manu") te whakamutunga. Ko tēnei hanganga e whakaatu ana i te mana o te mahi i roto i te ao kōrero o te Māori.
I te reo Pāhia, he tino rerekē. Ko tōna hanganga ko te Tūpou - Tumu - Kupu Mahi (Subject-Object-Verb, SOV). Ki te whakamāoritia taua rerenga kōrero ki te reo Pāhia, ka whakatakotoria pēnei: Hone (tūpou) - manu (tumu) - kite (kupu mahi). Ko te kupu mahi kei te mutunga tonu o te rerenga kōrero. Ko tēnei nekehanga o te kupu mahi mai i te tīmatanga ki te mutunga e hiahia ana kia kaha te arotahi o te kaiwhakamāori kia kore ai e marara te tikanga o te kōrero ina hurihia ngā kupu.
Pūtohu me te Wetereo: Ngā Rerekētanga Matua
I te reo Māori, he mea nui ngā kupu pūtohu me ngā pūmua pēnei i te "te", "ngā", "a", "o", "i", "ki", "he", me ētahi atu. Mā ēnei kupu paku e tohutohu te ahunga, te wā (present, past, future), me te whanaungatanga o ngā kupu. Kāore e huri te kupu mahi i te reo Māori hei whakaatu i te tangata e mahi ana, ahakoa ko wai te tangata, ahakoa rā rānei te wā. Mā ngā kupu wetereo motuhake pēnei i te "kua", "kei te", "i", "e... ana" e whakaatu te wā.
He rerekē rawa te reo Pāhia. He reo tohunga ki te conjugation (te huringa o te kupu mahi mō te tūpou). Ka huri te mutunga o te kupu mahi i runga i te tūpou (ahau, koe, ia, mātou, koutou, rātou) me te wā o te mahi. Hei tauira, ko te kupu mahi mō te "tuhituhi" ko te "neveshtan", engari ka huri hei "neveshtam" (i tuhituhi ahau), "neveshti" (i tuhituhi koe), "nevesht" (i tuhituhi ia). Me marama te kaiwhakamāori ki ēnei huringa wetereo katoa o te reo Pāhia kia tika ai te whakamāoritanga o ngā kupu mahi Māori e whai pūmua wā ana.
Te Ao Māori me te Ao Pāhia: Te Whakawhiti i ngā Tikanga
Ko te whakamāori reo ehara i te mea whakamāori kupu noa iho; he whakawhiti tikanga tēnei mahi. I te ao Māori, he nui ngā kupu whai tikanga hohonu kāore e taea te whakawhiti tika ki tētahi atu reo me te kore he whakamārama. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko te mana, te tapu, te mauri, me te whakapapa. Ki te whakamāoritia ēnei ki te reo Pāhia, me rapu tētahi kupu e tata ana te tikanga, me tuhi rānei he kupu whakamārama (glossary) mō te rōpū pānui Pāhia.
Pēnei hoki i te reo Pāhia, he nui ōna ake tikanga ahurea. Hei tauira, ko te tikanga e kīia nei ko te Ta'arof. He pūnaha tikanga pāpori tēnei mō te whakaute, te manaaki, me te whakaiti i a koe anō i mua i te aroaro o ētahi atu. Mena he kōrero whakaute kei roto i te reo Māori (pēnei i ngā mihi ki te manuhiri i te whaikōrero), me whai whakaaro te kaiwhakamāori ki te whakamahi i ngā kupu Ta'arof e tika ana i te reo Pāhia kia whai mana tonu ai te reo Māori taketake i roto i te ao Pāhia.
Pūnaha Tuhituhi me te Ahunga Reo
Kāore e taea te wareware i te rerekētanga o te tuhituhi. Ko te reo Māori e whakamahi ana i te Rātini (Latin alphabet) me ngā tohutō (macrons) hei tohutohu i te ororoa roa. E tuhia ana mai i te taha mauī ki te taha matau. Ko te reo Pāhia ia e whakamahi ana i te pūnaha tuhituhi Pāhia-Arāpia (Perso-Arabic script), ā, e tuhia ana mai i te taha matau ki te taha mauī (Right-to-Left, RTL).
Ina oti te whakamāori, he nui te wero ki ngā taputapu rorohiko me te whakatakotoranga o te whārangi (typesetting). Me mātua whakarite te kaiwhakamāori me te kaihoahoa paetukutuku i te tōtika o te ahunga o te reo Pāhia, kia kaua hoki e tīmata i te taha hē o te whārangi. Ko te rerekētanga o te pūnaha tuhituhi te tikanga hoki me whakamahi i ngā momo momotuhi (fonts) e tika ana mō te reo Pāhia, pēnei i te "Iran Sans" te "Vazir" rānei, kia ngāwari ai te pānui.
Ngā Tohu Āwhina mō te Kaiwhakamāori
- Whakamahia ngā Rōpū Kupu Arotahi: Hangaia he rārangi kupu tohutoro (glossary) mō ngā kupu matua o te ao Māori pēnei i te "kāwanatanga", "tino rangatiratanga", me te "mana", ā, me rapu ngā kupu Pāhia e tino tata ana te tikanga pāpori, tōrangapū hoki.
- Kia Tūpato ki te Tono me te Whakaute: Kei te reo Pāhia ētahi huarahi manaaki, whakaute hoki e rerekē ana mō ngā rōpū pāpori. Me mōhio ko wai te hunga pānui i te reo Pāhia (he mana rangatira, he hoa noa iho rānei) kia tika ai te whakamahi i te wetereo whakaute.
- Me Mōhio ki te Wā me te Tūnga o te Kupu Mahi: Kia mahara, me huri te kupu mahi ki te mutunga o te rerenga kōrero i te reo Pāhia. Kia mau te ngākau ki tēnei rerekētanga nui i te wetereo o ngā reo e rua.
- Hoki-Whakamāori (Back-Translation): Whakamahia tētahi atu kaiwhakamāori hei huri i te kōrero Pāhia kua oti te mahi, hoki atu ki te reo Māori. Mā tēnei huarahi e kitea ai he kōrero i ngaro, i huri kē rānei te tikanga i te huringa tuatahi.
Ko te whakawhiti i te reo Māori ki te reo Pāhia he piriti i waenga i te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa me te Rāwhiti Waenga. Mā te arotahi ki ēnei rerekētanga wetereo me ngā āhuatanga ahurea e rua, ka taea te hanga i tētahi whakamāoritanga e whakaute ana i te mana o te reo Māori, e marama ana hoki ki te hunga kōrero reo Pāhia.