Guhindura inyandiko kuva mu rurimi rumwe ujyana mu rundi ni inzira isaba ubumenyi bwimbitse bw'ikibonezamvugo, umuco, n'imikoreshereze y'amagambo y'indimi zombi. Iyo bigeze ku guhindura kuva mu Kinyarwanda (ururimi rwa Bantu ruvugwa muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba) gushyira mu Cyazeri (Azerbaijani - ururimi rw'Igiturukiya ruvugwa muri Caucase n'ibice by'Uburasirazuba bwo Kati), uhura n'urugamba rutoroshye rw'indimi zifite inkomoko n'imiterere bitandukanye zvimazeyo. Iyi nyandiko irasesengura mu buryo bw'indimbashe inzira, umwihariko, n'inama zafasha umuhinduzi kugera ku buhinduzi bwiza kandi bwumvikana neza.
1. Imiterere y'Indimi Zombi: Isano n'Itandukaniro ry'Ikibonezamvugo
Kugira ngo umuhinduzi abashe gukora akazi ke neza, agomba kubanza gusobanukirwa imiterere y'ikibonezamvugo y'Ikinyarwanda n'Iy'Icyazeri. Nubwo zombi ari indimi zometse (agglutinative languages), aho inyajwi cyangwa imigereka yometse ku giceri cy'ijambo ihindura icyo risobanura, imiterere yazo iratandukanye cyane:
- Ikinyarwanda (SVO - Subject-Verb-Object): Mu Kinyarwanda, interuro isanzwe ikurikiza gahunda y'Usubirwaho (Subject) - Igikorwa (Verb) - Igikorerwaho (Object). Urugero: "Umwana ari kurya umutsima."
- Icyazeri (SOV - Subject-Object-Verb): Mu Cyazeri, inshinga ihora inyuma mu nteruro. Gahunda iba Usubirwaho (Subject) - Igikorerwaho (Object) - Igikorwa (Verb). Urugero rwa ya nteruro mu Cyazeri rwagira imiterere imera nka: "Umwana umutsima ari kurya" (Uşaq çörək yeyir).
Iri tandukaniro ryo mu rwego rw'ijambo n'interuro (syntax) risaba umuhinduzi gusesengura neza interuro yose y'Ikinyarwanda mbere yo kuyishyira mu Cyazeri, akirinda guhindura ijambo ku rindi (word-for-word translation), kuko byateza urujijo n'amakosa akomeye mu Cyazeri.
2. Inteko z'Amazina (Noun Classes) n'Imanza z'Amazina (Noun Cases)
Kimwe mu bintu bikomeye bigize umwihariko w'Ikinyarwanda ni inteko z'amazina (ibinyazina nka mu-ba, ki-bi, n'izindi). Izi nteko zigena ubwumvikane bw'amagambo yose mu nteruro (noun class agreement). Amazina, ibinyazina, ibihegero, n'inshinga byose bigomba kugira imigereka ihura n'inteko y'izina ry'icyigenzi.
Mu Cyazeri, nta nteko z'amazina zihari nko mu Kinyarwanda, ariko bafite ikitwa "Noun Cases" (Imanza z'amazina cyangwa isano y'amazina mu nteruro). Icyazeri gifite imanza cyangwa ibirego bitandatu (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, locative, ablative). Ibi birego bikoresha imigereka yometse ku mpera y'izina (suffixes) kugira ngo byerekane uruhare rw'iryo zina mu nteruro (niba ari igikorerwaho, ahantu, inkomoko, cyangwa icyerekezo).
Umuhinduzi agomba kumenya neza uburyo bwo gusimbuza ubwumvikane bw'inteko z'amazina zo mu Kinyarwanda akoresheje imigereka ikwiye y'imanza z'amazina mu Cyazeri. Niba mu Kinyarwanda tuvuga "ku nzu" (tugaragaza ahantu), mu Cyazeri hazakoreshwa uranza rw'ahantu (locative case) binyuze mu mugereka "-da" cyangwa "-də" (evdə - mu nzu/ku nzu).
3. Ubwumvikane bw'Inyajwi (Vowel Harmony) mu Cyazeri
Mu gihe Ikinyarwanda gikoresha toni (tone system) n'uburebure bw'inyajwi mu guhindura igisobanuro cy'ijambo (urugero: "umuryango" uvuze mu buryo butandukanye), Icyazeri cyo gikoresha ihame rikomeye ry'ubwumvikane bw'inyajwi (Vowel Harmony). Iri hame rigenga uburyo imigereka yometse ku magambo ihitwamo hashingiwe ku nyajwi zibanza mu giceri cy'ijambo.
Icyazeri kigabanya inyajwi mu matsinda abiri: inyajwi z'inyuma (back vowels: a, ı, o, u) n'inyajwi z'imbere (front vowels: e, ə, i, ö, ü). Imigereka yose yometse ku mazina cyangwa inshinga igomba kubahiriza iri gabanuka. Iyo umuhinduzi atumva iri hame, ashobora gukora amakosa yo kwandika imigereka itari yo, bityo inyandiko ikaba idafite umwimerere cyangwa ikagira amakosa y'imyandikire yica amatwi y'Abazeri.
4. Ingero z'Imikoreshereze y'Inshinga n'Ibihe
Inshinga mu Kinyarwanda zifite imiterere ikomeye cyane aho inshinga imwe ishobora kubamo umugereka w'icyerekezo, uburyo, igihe, n'umuntu (urugero: "ndabigushakira" - n-ra-bi-ku-shak-ir-a). Ibi bituma ijambo rimwe mu Kinyarwanda rishobora guhinduka interuro yose mu rundi rurimi.
Mu Cyazeri na ho, inshinga zifata imigereka myinshi yerekana umuntu, igihe, n'uburyo (modality). Hano hari ingero z'uburyo interuro zimwe zihindurwa:
- Ikinyarwanda: Ndagukunda. (N-ra-ku-kund-a)
- Icyazeri: Səni sevirəm. (Sən - wowe mu buryo bw'igikorerwaho + sev-ir-əm - nkunda)
- Ikinyarwanda: Ngiye ku ishuri.
- Icyazeri: Məktəbə gedirəm. (Məktəb - ishuri + -ə - icyerekezo dative + ged-ir-əm - ndagenda)
Kugira ngo ubu buhinduzi bugende neza, umuhinduzi agomba gusobanukirwa n'ibihe by'inshinga z'Ikinyarwanda (nko mu bihe byashize bya hafi n'ibya kure, n'ibihe bizaza) hanyuma akabihuza n'ibihe bikwiye mu Cyazeri (shuhudî keçmiş zaman, nəqli keçmiş zaman, n'ibindi).
5. Inyurabwenge ry'Umuco n'Amagambo adafite Ibisobanuro Byoroshye (Cultural Transcreation)
U Rwanda na Azeribayijani bifite imico itandukanye cyane. Ikinyarwanda kirimo amagambo menshi ashingiye ku bworozi bw'inka, umuryango, n'imigenzo gakondo nko "gukwa", "gutebutsa", "kurongora", "gukirana", n'ibindi. Ku rundi ruhande, Icyazeri na cyo gifite amagambo menshi yubakiye ku muco wa kiyislamu, imico y'abarayi, n'ibiribwa byihariye (nka plov, dolma, n'ibindi).
Iyo uhindura inyandiko z'umuco cyangwa iz'ubuvanganzo, umuhinduzi ntagomba guhindura ijambo ku rindi ahubwo agomba gukoresha "Transcreation" (guhindura ubutumwa hakurikijwe umuco w'abo ubugenera). Niba mu Kinyarwanda hari ijambo nk' "amata", rikoreshwa mu kwerekana amahoro n'uburumbuke, mu Cyazeri hashobora gukoreshwa amagambo ajyanye n'umugisha (bərəkət) cyangwa amahoro (sülh) kugira ngo ubutumwa bugere ku mutima w'umusomyi w'Umuazeri mu buryo bw'umwimerere.
6. Inama z'Inzobere ku Buhinduzi Budakemwa
Kugira ngo ukore ubuhinduzi bw'umwuga kandi bwizewe hagati y'izi ndimi zombi, zirikana izi nama zikurikira:
- Koresha Ururimi rw'Intergeneric (Pivot Language) mu buryo bw'ubushishozi: Kubera ko nta nkoranyamagambo zikomeye z'Ikinyarwanda n'Icyazeri zihari, abahinduzi benshi kaboneka bakoresha Icyongereza cyangwa Igifaransa nka pivot. Icyakora, zirikana ko guca mu rundi rurimi bishobora gutakaza umwimerere w'ubutumwa bw'umwambere. Buri gihe subiramo inyandiko y'Ikinyarwanda uyigereranya n'iy'Icyazeri kugira ngo urebe niba nta gitekerezo cyatakaye.
- Ubwumvikane bw'Amagambo y'Ikoranabuhanga n'Ubuzgeneric: Kubera ko Icyazeri gifite amagambo menshi y'ikoranabuhanga n'amategeko akomoka mu Kirusi, Icyarabu, n'Igiturukiya, umuhinduzi agomba kumenya inkoranyamagambo nshya z'ikoranabuhanga zikoreshwa muri Azeribayijani muri iki gihe.
- Gusoma no Gusubiramo (Proofreading): Inyandiko yashyizwe mu Cyazeri igomba gusubirwamo n'umuntu uvuga Icyazeri nk'ururimi rwe rw'amavuko (native speaker) kugira ngo arebe niba ikibonezamvugo, ubwumvikane bw'inyajwi, n'injyana y'interuro byose bimeze neza.
Mu gusoza, guhindura kuva mu Kinyarwanda gushyira mu Cyazeri ni inzira isaba ubwitonzi, ubushakashatsi, n'ubumenyi bw'indimi n'imico. Mu kubahiriza ibyiciro by'ikibonezamvugo, ubwumvikane bw'inyajwi, n'imiterere y'interuro, umuhinduzi arinda inyandiko ye kuba nka "mashini yashyize mu rundi rurimi" ahubwo akayiha ubuzima n'umwimerere bituma isomwa neza kandi ikumvikana n'abo agenewe.