Guhindura inyandiko ku buryo bw'umwuga kuva mu Kinyarwanda ujya mu Kinyarumeniya (Armenian) ni inzira isaba ubuhanga n'ubushishozi buhanitse bw'indimi zombi. Gukorana n'izi ndimi bivuze guhuza imiryango ibiri y'indimi itandukanye cyane: Ikinyarwanda cyo mu muryango w'indimi za Bantu (Niger-Congo) n'Ikinyarumeniya cyo mu muryango w'indimi z'Indo-European. Ibi bituma uburyo bwo guhindura amagambo n'interuro butaba ugusimbuza inyito gusa, ahubwo bukaba inzira y'ubuhinduzi bwimbitse yo gusanisha imiterere y'indimi, amateka, n'umuco w'abaturage bazivuga.
Imiterere y'Indimi: Inteko z'Amazina mu Kinyarwanda n'Udukingo mu Kinyarumeniya
Mu Kinyarwanda, amazina agabanyijwe mu nteko z'amazina (noun classes), aho inteko y'izina igena uburyo inshinga, ibihereranya, n'ibinyazina bihuzwa na ryo. Ibi bitandukanye cyane n'Ikinyarumeniya cyo mu Burasirazuba cyangwa mu Burengerazuba, cyo gikoresha uburyo bw'udukingo tw'amazina (noun cases) hamwe n'ingero zirindwi (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, instrumental, na locative). Umugereka w'indimi zombi usaba umuhinduzi gusobanukirwa neza uburyo ibyo byiciro by'amazina bisanishwa kugira ngo inyito yumvikane neza.
Urugero, iyo uhindura interuro ifite inshinga n'izina riyobora mu Kinyarwanda, uba ugomba kureba niba izina mu Kinyarumeniya rizagira umugereka w'inyuma (suffix) ugaragaza icyo rishinzwe mu nteruro. Ibi bituma umuhinduzi asabwa kwitonda kugira ngo adatakaza icyo interuro ishaka kuvuga bitewe no guhuza nabi imigereka y'ibanze (prefixes) yo mu Kinyarwanda n'imigereka y'inyuma (suffixes) y'Ikinyarumeniya.
Isano n'Imiterere y'Inshinga n'Ibihe by'Igikorwa
Ikinyarwanda kigira imiterere y'inshinga ikize cyane, aho inshinga imwe ishobora kubamo amagambo menshi cyane (agglutinating language). Inshinga y'Ikinyarwanda ishobora kuba ikubiyemo inteko y'insanganyamatsiko, igihe, inyito y'icyuzuzo, n'akajambo kagaragaza uburyo igikorwa gikorwa. Mu Kinyarumeniya, nubwo na cyo ari ururimi rufite imiterere ikize mu nshinga, uburyo bwo kugaragaza ibyo bikorwa bubamo gukoresha inshinga zunganira cyangwa itondagurwa ry'inshinga (conjugations) mu buryo bwihariye.
Umuhinduzi ugamije gukora ubuhinduzi bw'umwuga agomba kwitwararika ibi bikurikira:
- Igihe n'Uburyo bw'Igikorwa (Tense and Aspect): Ikinyarwanda gifite ibihe bitandukanye bya kure (nk'igihe cyashize cya kure n'igihe cyashize cya hafi) bikaba bigomba guhindurwa mu Kinyarumeniya hakoreshejwe uburyo buboneye bw'inshinga z'icyo rurimi zerekana igihe n'imiterere y'igikorwa (perfective vs. imperfective).
- Ibyuzuzo Byometse ku Nshinga: Mu Kinyarwanda, inshinga ishobora kwerekana icyuzuzo kitavuzwe mu jambo ryacyo (urugero: "akanyandikira"). Mu Kinyarumeniya, ibi bisaba gukoresha inyazina nteruzi cyangwa icyuzuzo kigomba kugaragara nk'ijambo ryiteguye mu nteruro.
- Imigerere y'Ibikorwa n'Uturemajambo: Uturemajambo tw'inshinga mu Kinyarwanda nka "-sh-", "-er-", cyangwa "-an-" tugomba gushakirwa ibisobanuro bikwiriye mu Kinyarumeniya, haba hakoreshejwe inshinga zihariye cyangwa amagambo yunganira.
Ibibazo Byerekeye Umuco n'Imvugo z'Ikigereranyo
Umuco w'Abanyarwanda urangwa n'ubworozi bw'inka, umubano w'abantu, n'imikoranire ishingiye ku miryango, ibi bikaba bigaragara mu migani n'imvugo z'ikinyabupfura. Ku rundi ruhande, ururimi rw'Ikinyarumeniya rufite amateka maremare cyane mu by'idini rya Gikristo, ubuvanganzo bwa kera, n'intambara zo kwihagararaho. Guhindura amagambo y'umuco hagati y'izi ndimi zombi bisaba ubuhanga buhanitse bwitwa "transcreation" cyangwa guhindura hashingiwe ku muco aho guhindura ijambo ku rindi.
Urugero, imvugo nk'izishingiye ku nka mu Kinyarwanda (nk'imvugo z'ishimwe nka "gira inka") ntabwo zishobora guhindurwa ijambo ku rindi mu Kinyarumeniya ngo zumvikane. Umuhinduzi agomba gushaka imvugo ihwanye na yo mu muco w'Ikinyarumeniya igaragaza ishimwe n'icyubahiro bishyitse. Ibi ni na ko bimeze ku magambo y'amateka y'Ikinyarumeniya nka "Khachkar" (ibibuye bishushanyijeho umusaraba) cyangwa iminsi mikuru y'umuco wabo, bikaba bigomba gusobanurirwa umusomyi w'Umunyarwanda hakoreshejwe inyandiko z'inyongezo cyangwa ibisobanuro byumvikana neza.
Inama z'Imyiza ku Bahinduzi b'Indimi Zombi
Kugira ngo ugerere ku musaruro mwiza kandi unogeje mu guhindura izi ndimi zombi, inzobere zitanga inama zikurikira:
- Gukoresha Ururimi rw'Ikiraro (Pivot Language): Kubera ko nta nkoranyamagambo itaziguye ihari ihuza Ikinyarwanda n'Ikinyarumeniya, abahinduzi bakunze gukoresha ururimi rwa gatatu nk'icyongereza cyangwa igifaransa. Ibi birafasha ariko bisaba kwitonda kugira ngo ibyiciro by'indimi bitazatakarira mu rurimi rw'ikiraro.
- Gusuzuma inyandiko bifashishije abasangwabutaka (Native Speakers): Nyuma yo guhindura, inyandiko y'Ikinyarumeniya igomba gusomwa n'umuntu uvuga urwo rurimi nk'ururimi rwe rwa kabiri cyangwa rwa mbere (native speaker) kugira ngo harebwe niba inyito n'isomwa ry'interuro ryoroheye ugutwi n'intekerezo z'Abanyarumeniya.
- Guhuza Inyandiko n'Inyuguti z'Ikinyarumeniya: Ikinyarumeniya gikoresha inyuguti zacyo bwite (Armenian alphabet) zaremwe na Mesrop Mashtots mu mwaka wa 405. Umuhinduzi ugikoresha Ikinyarwanda kigizwe n'inyuguti z'ikilatini agomba kumenya neza kwandika amagambo y'amazina bwite (transliteration) mu nyuguti z'Ikinyarumeniya ku buryo bukwiriye.
Umwanzuro n'Icyerekezo cy'Ejo Hazaza
Isano iri hagati y'indimi z'Afurika n'iz'Uburasirazuba bwo Kati iragenda ikura bitewe n'itumanaho rigezweho n'ubuhahirane bw'ibihugu. Guhindura Ikinyarwanda mu Kinyarumeniya bifungura imiryango mishya y'ubufatanye, isangira ry'umuco, n'ubucuruzi. Gukurikiza izi nama n'uburyo bw'inzobere bizafasha abahinduzi kubyaza umusaruro uyu muhamagaro, batanga inyandiko zifite ireme ryiza kandi zihagarara ku gitekerezo n'umwimerere w'inyandiko ya mbere.