Ko te whakawhiti reo i waenga i te reo Māori me te reo Lituāniana (lietuvių kalba) he haerenga ahurei e hono ana i tētahi reo o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki tētahi o ngā reo tawhito rawa o te whānau reo Initu-Ūropi. Ahakoa te tawhiti o ngā whenua me ngā ahurea, he nui ngā kaupapa matua e whai kiko ana i roto i te mahi whakawhiti i ēnei reo e rua. Mō te hunga e hiahia ana ki te whakaputa i te hōhonutanga o te ao Māori ki te ao Lituāniana, me marama ki ngā taha wetereo, ahurea, me ngā momo tikanga whakawhiti e tika ana.
Ngā Whakapapa o ngā Reo me te Rerekētanga o te Wetereo
He mea nui kia mohio he reo Arotinīhia (Austronesian) te reo Māori, ā, he reo Paratiki (Baltic) te reo Lituāniana. Nā tēnei whakapapa rerekē, he rerekē rawā te hanga o ngā rerenga kōrero. I te reo Māori, ko te tikanga auraki o te rerenga kōrero ko te Tūmahi-Tūmuhi-Tūnga (Verb-Subject-Object). Hei tauira, "Ka kai te tamaiti i te aporo." Engari, i te reo Lituāniana, ko te hanganga paerewa ko te Tūmuhi-Tūmahi-Tūnga (Subject-Verb-Object), penei i te "Vaikas valgo obuolį." Ahakoa tonu, he reo ngawari te reo Lituāniana ki te raupapatanga o te kōrero nā te mea he nui ngā tūāhua kupu (cases) e tohu ana i te mahi a te kupu i roto i te rerenga.
Anei ētahi rerekētanga wetereo matua hei whakaaroaro ma te kaiwhakarite:
- Ngā Tūāhua Kupu (Grammatical Cases): E whitu ngā tūāhua kupu matua o te reo Lituāniana (ko te tūāhua ingoa, whakapapa, takoha, tuhi, whakatutuki, taputapu, me te wāhi). I te reo Māori, ka whakamahia ngā kupu tūhonohono (i, ki, e, me, kei) hei whakaatu i ēnei hononga. Me matua tohu te kaiwhakawhiti i te mahi a te kupu Māori kia tika te kōwhiringa tūāhua ki te reo Lituāniana.
- Te Ira Gramatika (Grammatical Gender): I te reo Lituāniana, he ira (tāne, wāhine rānei) tō ngā ingoa katoa. I te reo Māori, kāore he ira paerewa tō ngā kupu ingoa (he ira kore). He wero nui tēnei ina whakawhiti reo, nā te mea me whakatau te kaiwhakamāori ko tēhea te ira e tika ana mō te horopaki o te reo Lituāniana.
- Ngā Kupu Pūhono me ngā Tūpou: Ko ngā tūpou Māori (pānga, tātai whakapapa, te rōpū "a" me te "o") kāore e kitea pēnei ana i te reo Lituāniana. Ko te whakaaturanga o te manaakitanga me te mana i roto i te tangata me ōna taonga i te reo Māori me whakakao mai mā ngā tuhinga tūāhua e tika ana i roto i te reo Lituāniana.
Te Hononga Ahurea me ngā Kupu Taonga
Ko te uara nui o te reo Māori kei roto i ngā kupu taonga penei i te mana, tapu, mauri, kaitiakitanga, me te whanaungatanga. He kupu ēnei e kawe ana i te tikanga o te ao Māori me tōna tirohanga ki te ao wairua me te ao tūroa. Kaore he kupu kotahi i te reo Lituāniana e taea te whakakapi i ēnei ariā me te kore e ngaro te hōhonutanga.
Hei tauira, ko te kupu kaitiakitanga e pā ana ki te tiaki i te taiao me ngā taonga a ngā tūpuna. Ki te whakamāoritia ki te reo Lituāniana, tērā pea ka whakamahia te kupu "globa" (tiaki/manaaki), "saugojimas" (tiaki kia haumaru), engari kāore i te pā ki te whakapapa wairua e mau ana i te kupu Māori. I konei, me whiriwhiri te kaiwhakawhiti reo ki te waiho tonu i te kupu Māori ki te tuhinga, ka tāpiri ai i tētahi whakamāramatanga poto (he pito kōrero) i roto i te reo Lituāniana hei whakamārama i te tikanga hōhonu ki te kaipānui.
Waihoki, he hōhonu ano te hononga o te iwi Lituāniana ki te taiao, he mea e kitea ana i roto i ā rātou tikanga tawhito me te whakaaro pēke (paganism). Ko te kupu Lituāniana "darna" (he hononga tōtika, he taurite i waenga i te tangata, te taiao, me te ao wairua) he ariā e rite ana ki te mauri me te pono o te ao Māori. Mā te rapu i ēnei momo hononga ahurea e hanga he tuhinga whakamāori e tino pa ana ki te ngākau o te kaipānui Lituāniana.
Ngā Tohutohu mō te Kaiwhakarite Reo
Mō te hunga e mahi ana i tēnei taha o te whakawhiti reo, e whai ake nei ētahi tohutohu whai take hei whakatutuki i tētahi tuhinga kounga teitei:
- Arotahi ki te Hiahia o te Tuhinga (Functional Equivalence): Kaua e whakawhiti kupu ki te kupu. Rapua te ngako o te kōrero me te whakaaro matua, katahi ka whakaputa ai ki roto i te wetereo e tika ana mō te reo kaipānui.
- Waihangatia he Kuputaka Matua: I mua i te tīmatanga, me whakarite he kuputaka mō ngā ariā matua o te ao Māori me o rātou hoa haere i te reo Lituāniana. Mā tēnei e whakarite te tōtika o te reo puta noa i te tuhinga.
- Kia Mōhio ki ngā Tohu Tohutō (Macrons) me te Pū reta Lituāniana: He mea nui te tohutō i te reo Māori hei tohu i te oro roa (hei tauira, te rerekētanga o te 'kekē' me te 'keke'). I te reo Lituāniana, he nui hoki ngā tohu pēnei i ngā tohu "nosinė" (ą, ę, į, ų) me ngā tohutō (ū, ī) e huri ana i te tikanga o te kupu. Kia tūpato ki te tuhi i ēnei tohu kia kore ai e he te tikanga o ngā kupu i te reo Lituāniana me te reo Māori.
- Matapakinga me ngā Matanga: Ki te kore e tau te whakaaro ki tētahi ariā ahurea, me whakawhiti kōrero ki ngā mātanga o te reo Māori me te reo Lituāniana. Ko te mahi ngātahi te kī ki te kounga me te whakaute i ngā taonga a-iwi.
Te Painga o te Whakawhiti Reo Pono
Ko te whakamāori mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Lituāniana kāore i te pā noa ki te whakawhiti kupu, engari he mahi hanga piriti i waenga i ngā marae o Aotearoa me ngā ngahere tawhito o Lituania. Ma te whai i ēnei wetewetetanga me ēnei tohutohu, ka whai mana te tuhinga kua whakamāoritia, ā, ka mārama te kaipānui ki te wairua o te kōrero taketake. Ko te whakawhiti reo pono he tohu whakaute ki te mana o ngā reo e rua.