Kusiyana Kwezvivakwa zveMutauro weShona neThai
Mabasa ekushandura mitauro kubva muShona kuenda muThai ibasa rakadzika uye rakaoma, nekuda kwekuti mitauro iyi inobva kumhuri mbiri dzakasiyana zvachose. ChiShona mutauro weBantu unowanikwa muAfrica wezasi, uye unozivikanwa nekushandisa zvivakamberi (prefixes) nezvikwata zvemazita (noun classes) kugadzira chirevo nekuenderana kwemashoko (concordial agreement). Pane rumwe rutivi, chiThai mutauro wemhuri yeKra-Dai unotaurwa kuSoutheast Asia. Uri mutauro unonzi "isolating language," zvinoreva kuti mazwi awo haasanganiswe nemamwe kugadzira chimiro chemutsara, asi shoko regega rinomira rakazvimirira pasina kushandura chimiro charo.
MuchiShona, tinowana kuenderana kwemazita nezviito zvichienderana nechimiro chezita chiri kutaurwa. Semuyenzaniso, tichiti: "Imbwa yangu itsva iri kumhanya." Pano, "imbwa," "yangu," "itsva," uye "iri" zvose zvinoenderana nekuti imbwa iri muchikwata chepfumbamwe (Class 9). MuchiThai, hapana zvikwata zvemazita zvakadaro. MuThai, mutsara uyu unganyorwa nenzira inoti "Dog my new is running" pasina kuchinja zvimiro zvemazwi nekuda kwekuenderana. Izvi zvinoda kuti mushanduri aone zvakanaka kuti kuenderana kwechiShona hakurasike paanoendesa chinyorwa ichi muchiThai, uko kusingashandiswi zvivakamberi izvi.
Matambudziko eTense neNguva muShanduro yeShona neThai
Chimwe chinhu chinoita kuti shanduro kubva muShona kuenda muThai inakidze asi ichinetsa ndiyo nyaya yenguva inoitika chiito (tense). ChiShona chine zvivakamberi zvinoratidza nguva yakapfuura, iripo, uye inotevera zvakanyatsoti tsvikiti (semuenzaniso: "ndakaenda", "ndiri kuenda", "ndichaenda"). Izvi zvese zvinoitwa nekushandura chiito pachacho.
MuchiThai, chiito hachife chakachinja chimiro chacho kuratidza nguva. Shoko rekuti "kuenda" (pai) rinoramba riri "pai" kungave nezuro, nhasi, kana mangwana. Kuti varatidze nguva, vanhu vechiThai vanoshandisa mashoko anotsanangura nguva (time markers) kana kuti mashoko ekuwedzera (aspect particles). Semuyenzaniso, vanogona kuwedzera shoko rekuti "laew" (kureva kare) mushure mechiito kuratidza kuti zvatoitika, kana "cha" (kureva zvichaitika) pamberi pechiito. Mushanduri wechiShona anofanira kuve neunyanzvi hwekuona kuti nguva dzakadzama dziri muchiShona hadzirasiki kana kurerutswa zvakanyanya zvekuti zvinotadza kupa revo yakakwana kumutauri wechiThai.
Matauriro eInzwi (Tones) uye Kureva Kwaro
Sezvo mitauro yese iri miviri iri mitauro ine mainzwi (tonal languages), kushandurwa kwemashoko kunoda kungwarira kukuru, kunyanya pakutaura. MuchiShona, tinoshandisa mainzwi anoti rakakwirira (high) nerakadzika (low) kuratidza mutsauko wemazwi akanyorwa zvakafanana (semuenzaniso: "guru" rinoreva dende guru, kana "guru" rinoreva dzenhere rezvisikwa zvakasiyana). Muverengi wechiShona anonzwisisa revo kuburikidza nemamiriro ezvinhu (context) kunyange pasina zviratidzo zvemainzwi pazvinyorwa.
Asi muchiThai, nyaya yemainzwi yakanyanya kuoma nekuti mutauro uyu une mainzwi mashanu anoti: rakadzikama (mid), rakadzika (low), rinodonha (falling), rakakwirira (high), uye rinokwira (rising). Shoko rimwe chete rine mavara akafanana rinogona kuva nerevo shanu dzakasiyana zvachose zvichienderana nenzwi parinotaurwa. Mushanduri wechiShona anofanira kuve nehuchenjeri pakusarudza mavara nekuumbwa kwemitsara kuitira kuti pasave nekusanzwisisa. Kuongorora chinyorwa chako nemaziso echizvarwa chemuThai kunobatsira zvikuru kudzivirira mashoko anogona kunzwika seasina kukodzera nekuda kwekusiyana kwemainzwi aya.
Kushandura Ruremekedzo neZvinzvimbo muTsika dzeThailand
Tsika dzechiShona nedzechiThai dzinokoshesa zvikuru hunhu neruremekedzo. MuchiShona, ruremekedzo runoratidzwa nekushandisa zvisazitasingwi zvakawanda (semuyenzaniso "imi" panzvimbo pe"iwe") kana kushandisa mazita ezvikwata zvekuremekedza (class 2a). Izvi zvinoita kuti munhu anoremekedzwa anzwe achikosheswa zvikuru muZimbabwe.
MuchiThai, ruremekedzo rwakadzika zvakapetwa kakawanda uye runobata matanho akawanda evanhu. Pane mitauro yakasiyana zvachose inoshandiswa pakutaura nemhuri yeumambo (Rachasap), inoshandiswa pakutaura nevanhu vechitendero sevaBuddha (monks), uye inoshandiswa pakutaura nevanhuwo zvavo. Kunyange mumatauriro ezuva nezuva, vanhu vechiThai vanoshandisa mazwi ekupedzisa mutsara anoti "khrap" (kune varume) uye "kha" (kune vakadzi) kuratidza ruremekedzo kumuteereri. Kana uri kushandura rugwaro rwechiShona, unofanira kuziva kuti vachaverenga chinyorwa chako muThai ndivanaani kuitira kuti ushandise matanho eruremekedzo (registers) akakodzera.
Kuturikirwa kweDimikira, Tsumo, neMadimikira eChivanhu
Pano ndipo panoda unyanzvi hwekuturikira tsika (transcreation) pane kungoshandura mashoko. Tsumo dzechiShona dzinowanzotaura pamusoro pemhuka, ivhu, nemagariro eZimbabwe. Semuyenzaniso, tsumo inoti: "Chara chimwe hachitswanyi inda." Izvi zvinoreva kuti kubatana ndiko kunoita kuti zvinhu zvifambe.
Kana ukaedza kushandura tsumo iyi shoko neshoko muchiThai, unowana mutsara usina revo unoti "One thumb cannot crush a louse," uyo uchakanganisa muverengi wechiThai sezvo pasina tsumo yakadaro muThailand. Pane kudaro, mushanduri ane hunyanzvi anotsvaga tsumo yechiThai ine pfungwa yakafanana. MuchiThai mune tsumo inoti "Lai hua di kwa hua diao" (kureva kuti: misoro yakawanda iri nani pane musoro mumwe chete). Nekushandisa tsumo yechiThai iyi, unenge wachengetedza revo yepakutanga yechiShona nenzira inonzwisisika kumunyori nemuverengi wechiThai.
Mazano Anokosha Kune Vanoshandura Shona Kuenda kuThai
Kuti shanduro yako ibude yakachena uye inogutsa, tevera mazano aya anotevera:
- Nzwisisa Mutauri weZita (Classifiers): Mutauro weThai unoshandisa zvikuru mashoko anotsanangura rudzi rwechinhu chiri kutaurwa (classifiers). Semuyenzaniso, zvinhu zvine mitsara zvinoshandisa classifier yazo, mhuka dzine yadzo, uye vanhu vanoshandisa "khon." Sarudza classifier kwayo kuitira kuti chinyorwa chako chinzwike sechakanyorwa nenyanzvi.
- Dzivisa Kushandura Shoko neShoko: Zvivakwa zvemutauro weThai zvakasiyana zvachose neShona. Kana ukaedza kushandura shoko rega rega zvinobudisa mutsara usina musoro. Tarisa pfungwa huru yomutsara woitsanangura zvakanaka muchiThai.
- Gadzirisa zvinoenderana neGender yeMutauri: MuchiThai, mazwi anotsanangura munhu ari kutaura neari kuteerera anochinja zvichienderana nekuve murume kana mukadzi. Iva nechokwadi chekuti unoziva kuti ndiani ari kutaura muchinyorwa kuitira kuti ushandise mazwi akakodzera.
- Shandisa Michina seKutanga Chete: Michina yekushandura haasati yanyatsodzidza mitauro yechiShona nechiThai zvakanaka nekuti hapana mashoko akawanda ari padandemutande. Gadzirisa zvikanganiso zvemichina (post-editing) manually kuitira kuti uchengetedze ruzivo netsika.