Nhanganyaya Yemamiriro eMitauro yeChiShona neChiSinhala
Munyika yanhasi inofambiswa nekudyidzana kwemarudzi akasiyana, basa rekuturikirwa kwemitauro rakakosha zvikuru pakubatanidza vanhu vematunhu akasiyana. Kududzira kubva pamutauro wechiShona, unova mutauro mukuru unotaurwa muZimbabwe uye mune mamwe matunhu ekuChamhembe kweAfrika, kuenda pamutauro wechiSinhala, unotaurwa nevanhu vazhinji muSri Lanka, ibasa rinoda hunyanzvi hwakadzama. Mitauro iyi miviri inobva kumhuri dzemitauro dzakasiyana zvachose. ChiShona chikamu chemhuri yemitauro yeBantu (Niger-Congo), nepo chiSinhala chiri chikamu chemhuri yemitauro yeIndo-Aryan.
Nekuda kwekusiyana uku, mududziri anofanira kunzwisisa zvakadzama kwete girama chete, asiwo tsika nemagariro evatauri vemitauro iyi. Gwaro rino richatarisa misiyano mikuru yeunyanzvi, nzira dzakanakisisa dzekushandisa, uye mazano ekugadzira shanduro inonzwisisika, inoremekedza tsika, uye inoshanda nemazvo zvichienderana nezvinangwa zvekuvandudza kutsvaga padandemutande (SEO).
Musiyano Mukuru muGirama uye Zvivakwa zveMitsara (SVO vs SOV)
Chinhu chekutanga chinofanira kucherechedzwa nemuturikiri ndiko kurongeka kwemashoko mumutsara. ChiShona chinoshandisa kurongeka kwechiito nezita kwakajairika sekuti Muiti-Chiito-Muitirwa (Subject-Verb-Object kana SVO). Semuyenzaniso, kana tikati "Mwana anoda mukaka," mwana ndiye "Subject" (Muiti), anoda ndicho "Verb" (Chiito), uye mukaka ndicho "Object" (Muitirwa).
Kune rumwe rutivi, chiSinhala chinoshandisa kurongeka kwekuti Muiti-Muitirwa-Chiito (Subject-Object-Verb kana SOV). Kana mutsara wechiShona uri pamusoro ukatudzirwa muchiSinhala pasina kugadziriswa kweakaundi yemutsara, zvinogona kukonzera mhirizhonga mukunzwisisa. MuchiSinhala, mutsara uyu unoperera nechiito, zvichireva kuti mukaka unouya pamberi pechiito chekuda. Izvi zvinoreva kuti muturikiri anofanira kukwanisa kupenengura mutsara wechiShona ndokuuvaka patsva zvakare kuti uenderane nemaitiro echiSinhala kuitira kuti unzwike seunobva kumutauri weko.
Pamusoro pezvo, chiShona chinoshandisa mipanda yemazita (noun classes) inosvika gumi nemasere, iyo inosarudza zvikochekero zvegirama mumutsara wose. ChiSinhala hachina mipanda yemazita yakafanana neyechiBantu, asi chine maitiro acho akasiyana ekuronga mazita echikadzi, echirume, kana asina kwakarerekera (gender agreement) uye zvakare kuwirirana kwezviito zvichienderana nekuti chinhu chiri kutaurwa chiri kurarama here kana kuti hachisi kurarama (animate vs inanimate nouns). Muturikiri anofanira kuva nemaziso anopinza pakuchinja zvikanganiso izvi kuitira kudzivirira shanduro ine chando.
Kuremekedza neMatanho eKutaura (Honorific Registers)
Mune mitauro yese iri miviri, chiShona nechiSinhala, kuremekedza chikamu chakakosha zvikuru chetsika dzevanhu vatauri. Zvisinei, maitirwo azvo mumitauro iyi akasiyana zvikuru. MuchiShona, tinoratidza kuremekedza kuburikidza nekushandisa zvisungo zvevazhinji (plural concord) kunyange tichitaura nemunhu mumwe chete, semuyenzaniso kushandisa "Muri kuenda kupi?" panzvimbo yekuti "Uri kuenda kupi?" kana tichitaura nemunhu mukuru kana watisingazivi zvakanaka.
MuchiSinhala zvakadzama zvakanyanya. Mutauro uyu une matanho anoti pfuurei akati wandei ekuremekedza zvichienderana neinzwi rekurukuro nemagariro evatauri. Pane kusiyana kukuru pakati pemutauro unoshandiswa pakunyora (formal/literary Sinhala) uye mutauro wekutaura wemazuva ose (colloquial Sinhala). Kana uchidudzira gwaro repamutemo rekubva muchiShona kuenda muchiSinhala, unofanira kushandisa zvachose chimiro chekunyora chakarongeka. Kuderera padanho rekuremekedza mukuturikirwa kwechiSinhala kunogona kutorwa sekusaziva tsika kana kuzvidza, izvo zvinokuvadza meseji yauri kuda kusvitsa kumuverengi.
Matambudziko eTsika neKushandurwa kweMadimikira (Transcreation)
Madimikira netsumo zvinotakura huchenjeri hwedzinza rega rega. Kuturikira madimikira echiShona zvakananga (literal translation) muchiSinhala kunowanzokonzera kuti mutsara uvhiringidze muverengi wekuSri Lanka. Semuyenzaniso, tsumo yechiShona inoti, "Kugona nhanho kudzika rutsoka," haigone kuturikirwa shoko neshoko muchiSinhala nekuti maitiro ekufamba kana kutsika rutsoka anogona kunge asina zvirevo zvakafanana mutsika yechiSinhala.
Pano ndipo panouya pfungwa inonzi "Transcreation" — kureva kudzokorora kusika meseji yacho mumutauro unotambirwa uchichengetedza mweya nechinangwa chekutanga pasina kurasikirwa nezvinoreva chinyorwa chako. Muturikiri anofanira kutsvaga tsumo yechiSinhala ine zvirevo zvakafanana zvachose neyechiShona. Izvi zvinoda kuti mududziri ave nemidzi yakadzika mutsika dzese dziri mbiri kuitira kuti arege kungoshandura mazwi asi manzwiro nemafungiro aive mumunyori wekutanga.
Mazano Akakosha Kune Vaturikiri vechiShona nechiSinhala
Kuti ukwanise kuwana shanduro yemhando yepamusoro uye inoshanda zvakanaka, unofanira kutevedzera mazano anotevera:
- Kunzwisisa Muverengi Anotarisirwa (Target Audience): Ziva kuti chinyorwa chako chiri kuenda kuvanhu vakadzidza, kuvanhu vese zvavo, kana kuti igwaro rehunyanzvi. Izvi zvichakubatsira kusarudza chimiro chakakodzera chechiSinhala.
- Kudzivisa Dudziro Yeshoko neShoko: Rangarira nguva dzose kuti girama yechiSinhala inoda kuti chiito chiuye kumagumo. Isa pfungwa pakududzira zvinoreva mitsara pane dudziro yemazwi anomirira oga.
- Shandisa Mudziyo wekutsvagisa Mitsara (Glossaries): Gadzira mazita emashoko akakosha kuitira kuchengetedza kuwirirana kwezvinoreva mazwi mukati mechinyorwa chose, kunyanya kana uri kushandura magwaro akareba.
- Kutarisa Kwakadzama kweTsika: Gara uchiyeuka kuti tsika dzechiBantu nedzechiSinhala dzine misiyano yakakura maererano nemashandisirwo ezvekudya, zvitendero, uye magariro emhuri. Shandura zvinhu izvi zvine hungwaru kuitira kuti zvinzwisike nemuverengi wechiSinhala.
Mhedziso pamusoro peKukosha kweMhando yeDudziro
Kuturikirwa kwemashoko kubva muchiShona kuenda muchiSinhala hakusi kungochinja mazwi chete, asi kuvaka zambuko riri pakati petsika nemagariro maviri akasiyana. Nekutevera mirau yegirama, kuremekedza zvakasiyana pamashandisirwo emitauro, uye kushandisa unyanzvi hwakadzama hwekuturikirwa kwemadimikira, unogona kuona kuti shanduro yako inoshanda nemazvo. Kudaro kunovimbisa kuti meseji yakanyorwa muchiShona inosvika kune vatauri vechiSinhala iine simba riya riya, kunzwisisa kwakazara, uye pasina kurasikirwa nerunako rwemutauro wemavambo.